In recent years, large-scale offshore aquaculture dominated by large net cages has achieved remarkable success, thus playing an important role in building a blue granary, expanding the marine aquaculture space, and developing improved productive forces in the marine economy. However, system safety issues in offshore aquaculture practices remain relatively prominent, thereby restricting the high-quality development of the offshore cage aquaculture industry. The present study focuses on the current development status of China's offshore cage aquaculture industry and analyzes the major safety issues faced by cage aquaculture systems from a production perspective, such as structural safety, net damage, and fish monitoring. It provides a detailed overview of both domestic and international technical research and applications regarding the safety design of cage facilities, operational safety of nets, and safety monitoring of cultured fish, and offers relevant recommendations for the safe development of offshore cage aquaculture in terms of scientific site selection, facility safety, species selection, intelligent management, and aquaculture insurance.