Volume 32,2025 Issue 5

研究论文

• Molecular characteristics, expression regulation and its coding protein’s interaction with CDX2 of cdk2 in Ctenopharyngodon idella

  HE Zhimin, LUO Junhan, WANG Chenhaoyang, TANG Xiang, JIANG Ran, WANG Qixiang, LIU Jing, LI Yanfang, GAO Xing, ZENG Peng, QING Yanling, LUO Yanan, LIU Zhen

  2025,32(5):581-594, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0027

  Abstract: (13) HTML (0) PDF (112.93 K)(6)

  Abstract:

  To investigate the molecular characteristics, interaction, and nutritional regulation of CDK2 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), we obtained the grass carp cdk2 sequence by cloning; its open reading frame is 897 bp, encoding 298 amino acids. It exhibited a high degree of sequence and structure conservation in the analyzed species. The results of codon bias and cluster analyses based on CDK2 suggested that the grass carp has the closest relationship with zebrafish. Compared with clustering based on cdk2 RSCU, a phylogenetic tree analysis based on CDK2 sequence was more consistent with the conventional species classification. Tissue expression analysis showed the highest cdk2 mRNA levels in blood (P＜0.05), liver, and spleen; molecular docking and yeast two-hybrid assays were employed to analyze the interaction between grass carp CDK2 and its downstream phosphorylated substrate protein CDX2. The results showed that grass carp CDK2 interacted with CDK2. Furthermore, the regulation of different inclusion levels of free amino acid CAA (free amino acids: lys and glu), dipeptide KE (lys-glu, KE), tripeptide GHK (gly-his-glu, GHK) on cdk2 expression were examined, and the results revealed that compared with the control and other treatment groups, cdk2 expression showed the highest expression in the 0.5% GHK group; cdk2 expression of the CAA groups was higher than those of the KE dipeptide group which showed similar amino acids as the CAA group. In summary, cdk2 expression in grass carp exhibits tissue specificity; CDK2 interacted with CDX2; and its expression was regulated by the inclusion level of amino acids and oligopeptides. This study provides new clues for studying the molecular characteristics of grass carp cdk2 exploring the regulatory mechanism of intestinal function in other teleost fish, and provides a theoretical basis for further study on the molecular regulating mechanism of cdk2 on transporting and absorption of amino acids and oligopeptides.

• Transcriptomics investigation of the mechanism underlying temperature effects on the embryonic development of Eriocheir sinensis

  CUI Chaoyue, GENG Zhi, FENG Guangpeng, ZHANG Tao, ZHAO Feng, YANG Gang, ZHUANG Ping, HUANG Xiaorong

  2025,32(5):595-607, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0011

  Abstract: (7) HTML (1) PDF (108.33 K)(4)

  Abstract:

  Eriocheir sinensis is an important economic crab in China; it has a typical migratory habit, including an annual reproductive migration from November to May and for mating and spawning at the confluence of salty and fresh water at the mouth of the Yangtze River. When the broodstock crab spawns, the fertilized egg will commence a new life cycle. At this time, temperature is one of the key environmental factors regulating the development of the embryo, which is particularly sensitive to ambient temperature during its development, and even small temperature differences may cause stagnation of embryonic development. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of temperature on embryonic development of E. sinensis. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of temperature-regulated embryonic development in E. sinensis, three experimental groups were set up, namely, constant temperature of 9 ℃, constant temperature of 15 ℃, and gradually increasing temperature from 9 ℃ to 15 ℃. We utilized transcriptomics to screen genes associated with embryonic development and to identify the signaling pathways involved in the temperature-regulated embryonic development. The results showed that temperature significantly affected embryonic development process and effective cumulative temperature. At a constant temperature of 9 ℃, the embryos were stagnant at the egg cleavage stage, and their effective cumulative temperature was 1961.95 h·℃. In the experimental group, with a gradual temperature increase from 9 ℃ to 15 ℃, the embryos were able to develop to the prothallus larval stage, and embryo development time and effective cumulative temperature were reduced by 144 h and 1303.77 h·℃, respectively, compared with that under a constant temperature of 15 ℃. Temperature changes significantly regulated the expression patterns of genes related to embryo development. A total of 4767 differentially expressed genes were identified under a temperature increase from 9 ℃ to 15 ℃, including 1800 up-regulated genes and 2967 down-regulated genes. The gap gene (LOC126998238) related to embryonic development was significantly down-regulated, and the functional pathway was mainly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum protein targeting. At a constant temperature of 15 ℃, a total of 2061 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 1326 up-regulated genes and 735 down-regulated genes. Further analysis revealed that the maternal effect gene (LOC126984051) was significantly up-regulated in embryos, and the functional pathways were mainly enriched in small molecule metabolism. The results showed that embryo development accelerated with increasing temperature within a certain range and that variable temperature accelerated embryo development more than constant temperature. Variable temperature significantly increased the expression of genes related to embryonic development and embryonic energy metabolism, and it accelerated embryonic development. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the interpretation of the regulatory mechanism of temperature on the embryonic development of E. sinensis.

• Study on artificial propagation and early development of Garra mirofronits

  WANG Yuesong, YANG Yang, GAN Xing, CHENG Rui, CHEN Feng, ZHANG Zhiming

  2025,32(5):608-621, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0392

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  Abstract:

  Garra mirofronits is classified under the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Labeoninae, and genus Garra. This species is endemic to the Lancang River and is exclusively found in the middle and lower reaches of the river within China. Its distribution is confined to an altitude range of 500‒700 meters above sea level, and its wild populations have declined. G. mirofronits exhibits a cylindrical body shape with a distinctive frontal groove anterior to the nostrils, which forms two frontal processes. Each process terminates in a prominent conical keratinous projection. This species prefers habitats characterized by swift currents and rocky substrates, where it adheres to rocks using its adhesive discs and primarily feeds on filamentous algae. In recent years, the progressive development of the Lancang River, including the construction and operation of hydropower stations, has altered the river's hydrological conditions, thereby impacting the migratory, reproductive, and feeding behaviors of fish. Notably, the decrease in flow velocity and the reduction in the length of flowing water have severely compromised the hatching success of drifting eggs, including eggs of G. mirofronits. Consequently, the wild populations of G. mirofronits have experienced a significant decline, necessitating urgent conservation measures. This study aims to investigate the temporal characteristics of the early development of G. mirofronits, enrich research data on its reproductive and developmental biology, and offer technical support for artificial breeding and large-scale seedling production of this species. Sexually mature individuals of G.mirofronits were collected from the wild and used to obtain fertilized eggs through artificial induction of ovulation and dry insemination. Then, the early development process of the fertilized eggs was observed and recorded in detail. Three artificial breeding experiments were carried out in total. On average, the ovulation induction rate was 100%, the fertilization rate was (89.93±0.72)%, and the hatching rate was (87.83±1.00)%. The fertilized eggs were light gray, with a thin and transparent egg membrane, non-viscous, and a diameter of (1.12±0.04) mm. After water absorption and expansion, the egg membrane diameter reached (3.37±0.09) mm, with an expansion coefficient of 300.89%. At water temperatures between 18‒21 ℃, hatching occurred after 24‒26 hours, with an accumulated hatching temperature of 496.04 ℃·h. The early development process went through nine stages including fertilized egg, blastoderm stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, organogenesis stage, heartbeating stage, and hatching stage. The total length of newly hatched larvae was (4.50±0.07) mm, with 32 myotomes. The period of the yolk sac larvae lasted for 5 days, with the specific growth rate of the total length at 9.22%/d. The larval stage lasted for a total of 16 days, with the specific growth rate of the total length at 7.02%/d. The temporal characteristics of the early development of G.mirofronits follow the basic laws of osteichthyes development and are in line with the general characteristics of the embryonic development of drifting eggs. It is thus a typical fish species that produces drifting eggs.

• Responses of hemolymphocytes to nucleus-inserting stimulation and biomineralization function of Hyriopsis cumingii

  SUN Junlin, CHEN Yiwen, CHEN Xiaofeng, LI Jiale, BAI Zhiyi, LI Wenjuan

  2025,32(5):622-634, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0383

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  Abstract:

  In order to elucidate the effect of nucleus insertion stimulation on hemolymphocytes and their function in pearl mineralization of the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii, the present study explored the morphology and classification of hemolymphocytes, including four types by means of light and electron microscopy based on cellular complexity, cell size, and nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. Giemsa staining and flow cytometry analysis showed that the granularity complexity of hemolymphocytes increased significantly, cell diameter became larger after nucleus insertion, the proportion of granulocytes increased significantly (P＜0.05), and the proportion of hyalinocyte decreased significantly (P＜0.05). The results of histological observation showed that a large number of hemolymphocytes gathered near the insertion site and granulocytes were recruited. Ca²⁺ content in hemolymphocytes and serum continued to significantly increase 2, 5, and 10 d after insertion (P＜0.05) and then significantly decreased 20 and 50 d after insertion (P＜0.05), which revealed that the number composition, distribution, and Ca²⁺ level of hemolymphocytes all respond to nucleus insertion. In vitro calcium carbonate crystallization experiments showed that hemolymphocytes and serum were able to influence the morphology of calcite but did not change the crystal shape. In summary, hemolymphocytes respond rapidly to the stimulation of nucleus insertion and can regulate biomineralization. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the regulatory role of hemolymphocytes in shellfish biomineralization.

• The mechanism of carbonate alkaline exposure on growth performance, biochemical indices and liver metabolism of crucian carp  (Carassius auratus)

  YUAN Fangying, HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, WANG Jing, LI Dongping, WANG Peng, SUN Yanchun

  2025,32(5):635-646, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0395

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  Abstract:

  Saline-alkaline water resources are widely distributed in China. However, their imbalanced ionic composition, high pH, and elevated carbonate alkalinity significantly impair normal growth and reproduction of fish. Although previous studies have explored the effects of saline-alkaline stress on the growth performance of aquatic organisms, these investigations have largely focused on low-concentration environments, leaving the impacts of high-concentration conditions on growth performance and associated metabolic changes insufficiently understood. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which carbonate-alkaline environments affect the growth performance and physiological metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Experimental fish were randomly assigned to three groups: a freshwater control group (Con), a 20 mmol/L NaHCO3 exposure group (T), and a 40 mmol/L NaHCO3 exposure group (F), subjected to carbonate-alkaline exposure for 56 days. Through the application of growth indices, biochemical assays, and non-targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) coupled with multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway enrichment tools like MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and KEGG database, the study systematically examined the effects of carbonate-alkaline exposure on the growth, oxidative defense, and metabolomics profile of crucian carp. The results revealed that carbonate-alkaline exposure significantly suppressed growth indices, including weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion efficiency. Moreover, with increasing carbonate-alkaline concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver—such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)—and blood biochemical parameters, including blood ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), underwent notable alterations. Pathway enrichment analysis identified 17 statistically significant differential metabolites (DEMs) in the Con vs. T group, enriched in 27 metabolic pathways, including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In contrast, the Con vs. F group identified 100 DEMs enriched in 35 pathways, encompassing additional processes such as arginine biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. The findings indicate that carbonate-alkaline exposure imposes a substantial energetic burden on crucian carp, undermining the energy availability for growth and thereby significantly inhibiting growth rates. This condition induces oxidative stress by disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidative defense system, leading to severe hepatic tissue damage. As carbonate-alkaline concentration increases, critical metabolic pathways associated with growth, immune defense, and fatty acid metabolism—such as arginine biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism—experience pronounced disruption. This exacerbates hepatic damage, compromises immune defense, destabilizes cellular membrane integrity and function, and suppresses cellular proliferation, ultimately impairing normal growth.By integrating growth performance, biochemical analysis, and metabolomics, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the adverse effects of carbonate-alkaline environments on the growth and hepatic metabolism of crucian carp. The findings offer critical insights for optimizing aquaculture practices involving freshwater bony fish in saline-alkaline waters, contributing to the sustainable utilization of saline-alkaline water resources with significant ecological, economic, and societal benefits.

• Length-based indicators for assessment of inter-annual trends of fish community in the Haizhou Bay

  JIANG Shengqi, XU Binduo, ZHANG Chongliang, JI Yupeng, REN Yiping, XUE Ying

  2025,32(5):647-658, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0330

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  Fishing pressure and environmental factors can not only affect the abundance and distribution of fish, but also affect the age-and length-distributions. Length-based indicators of fish community are useful tools for fishery management. Based on the fishery resource survey data collected in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters in spring and autumn from 2013 to 2022, seven length-based indicators including median length (L₅₀), mean length (mL), 10th and 90th-percentile of the length distribution (L₁₀, L₉₀), mean length of the 10% largest fish (L_max), large fish index (LFI) and size-diversity (SD) were analyzed to examine the dynamics of fish community structure in the Haizhou Bay as well as its response to the fishing pressure and environmental factors. The results showed that the robustness of L10, mL and L90 was better, and they were suitable for assessing the status of fish community in the Haizhou Bay. Random forest model results suggested that length-distributions of fish community in the Haizhou Bay were affected by a combination of fishing pressure and environmental factors. In terms of interannual variation, L₁₀, L₅₀ and mL showed a upward trend, while L₉₀, Lmax and SD fluctuated, and LFI showed a declining trend, reflecting the recovery of small and medium-sized fish resources in the Haizhou Bay. However large-sized fish are still affected by fishing pressure, and more efforts should be made to protect and manage the fishery resources in Haizhou Bay. This study explored the potential of using body length-based indicators for setting fishery management objectives, which will help to gain a deeper understanding of the ecological status of fish community dynamics in the Haizhou Bay, and provide technical support for the protection and restoration of the Haizhou Bay fish community.

• Impact of different calculation methods for CPUE on the accuracy of fishing ground predictions in tuna longline fisheries

  SONG Liming, XU Hui, QI Yukun, LU Canhuang, SHEN Fengyuan, DING Peng, LI Yuwei, SHEN Jieran

  2025,32(5):659-674, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0364

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  Accurately calculating catch per unit effort (CPUE) is a prerequisite for predicting fishery resource abundance and distribution. In tuna longline fisheries, the statistics of catch and effort are often influenced by spatial scale, and different sources of catch and effort data can result in biased CPUE estimates, which thereby potentially affect the forecast precision of fishing grounds. This study utilized fishery data obtained from longline vessels operating in waters near Micronesia, derived from both fishing logbooks and the VMS (vessel monitoring system), to calculate two types of CPUE for yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Using a BiLSTM (Bi-directional long-short-term memory) model, both types of CPUE were employed as inputs, alongside spatio-temporal factors and ocean remote sensing data, to develop a predictive model for yellowfin tuna fishing grounds. By SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis, key variables influencing the prediction of yellowfin tuna fishing grounds were identified. The spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of fishing grounds were determined based on the geographical distribution of different CPUE values. This study also evaluated the impact of different CPUE inputs on the accuracy of fishing ground prediction. The results showed that the BiLSTM model effectively predicts yellowfin tuna fishing grounds, with strong performance within the study area. Moreover, the model using CPUE calculated from VMS data demonstrated higher accuracy compared to the model built by using logbook data. Key variables influencing yellowfin tuna fishing ground predictions included chlorophyll-a concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration at 200 m, temperature at 300 m, temperature at 200 m, and longitude. Fishing grounds derived from fishing logbook were dispersed across the north and south, whereas those derived from VMS data were mainly concentrated in the southern region. Based on the vertical profile of temperature and dissolved oxygen, it was inferred that the fishing grounds identified by VMS data are more accurate. In the waters of Micronesia, yellowfin tuna fishing grounds were more densely distributed in the first and second quarters. This study demonstrates that VMS-based CPUE can be calculated for longline fisheries and effectively used for fishing ground prediction. Based on this study, it is recommended to record catch locations individually using the VMS method, when investigating tuna fishing grounds in longline fisheries at smaller spatial scales. This allows for grid-based CPUE calculations, thereby improving the accuracy of fishing ground prediction.

• Impact of hydrological connectivity of tidal creek system in the Chongming Dongtan of the Yangtze River Estuary on distribution of fish communities

  FEI Shujie, ZHANG Tingting, ZHAO Feng, ZHANG Tao, YANG Gang, WANG Sikai

  2025,32(5):675-688, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0021

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  Hydrological connectivity is one of the key characteristics that reflect the health and function of estuarine wetland ecosystems, and it has a significant impact on the distribution of estuarine fish communities. This study analyzed the dynamic hydrological connectivity of tidal creeks in the Chongming Dongtan area of the Yangtze River Estuary under different tidal states and its influence on fish community distribution, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the ecological restoration, biodiversity conservation, and water resource management of estuarine wetlands. Twelve hydrological connectivity indicators related to hydrological dynamics and landscape dimensions were selected to explore the relationships and underlying mechanisms between hydrological connectivity patterns and fish distribution patterns. The results showed that factors such as tidal range, the duration of hydrological connection, the duration of flooded retention, the number of nodes, the number of river chains, and the node connection rate β are key hydrological connectivity factors. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) indicated that the sampling regions within the tidal creek system could be divided into five distinct hydrological connectivity areas, i.e., the high connectivity area during spring tides, the low connectivity area during spring tides, the high connectivity area during neap tides, the low connectivity area during neap tides, and the long-term inundation area. Among them, the high connectivity areas during spring tides, the high connectivity areas during neap tides, and the long-term inundation area are the main habitats of dominant fish species. Dominant fish species exhibited different preferences for different hydrologically connected areas. For example, Xenocypris macrolepis and Pelteobagrus nitidus tended to inhabit the high hydrological connectivity areas during spring tides. Lateolabrax maculatus, Mugilidae, and Gobiidae exhibited a preference for high hydrological connectivity areas during neap tides. Juvenile fish such as Coilia ectenes and Protosalanx chinensis preferred to inhabit areas at the mouths of tidal creeks or near the shore. These findings demonstrate that estuarine tidal creek fish actively exercise selection and exhibit preferences for different hydrologically connected habitats under the influence of tides, which are related to their swimming capabilities, body sizes, and feeding behaviors. This study provides a scientific basis for the ecological restoration of estuarine wetlands and the conservation of fish biodiversity. It also helps to formulate strategies for regulating hydrological connectivity in wetland water resource management, thereby promoting the sustainable development of such ecosystems.

• Establishment of a highly sensitive one-step PCR assay for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Procambarus clarkii based on the vp19 gene

  CHEN Nan, LUO Xiaohong, LIAO Mingcong, HU Ruixue, LI Dan, GU Zemao

  2025,32(5):689-699, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0306

  Abstract: (7) HTML (0) PDF (99.10 K)(3)

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  White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) poses a significant threat to red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) aquaculture, a major crustacean industry in China. This virus' ability to remain latent in hosts and its complex transmission pathways make prevention and early detection crucial. However, current diagnostic methods, including the WOAH-recommended nested PCR, have limitations in speed, sensitivity, and convenience. This study aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific one-step conventional PCR assay for WSSV detection in P. clarkii, addressing the need for improved surveillance and early intervention strategies. In our study, specific primers (V1) were designed to target a 196 bp region within the WSSV vp19 gene. The assay's analytical specificity was rigorously evaluated using DNA/cDNA from 10 different pathogens in crayfish (5 viruses and 5 bacteria). To determine analytical sensitivity, serial dilutions of a recombinant plasmid (pMD19T-V1) containing the vp19 target sequence were employed. WOAH recommended TaqMan qPCR was used as the reference method in performance parameters evaluation. The assay’s performances parameters including analytical specificity (ASp), analytical sensitivity (ASe), diagnostic specificity (DSp), diagnostic sensitivity (DSe), and positive rate between the one-step PCR and nested PCR were compared. Results showed that developed one-step PCR assay demonstrated high ASp for WSSV detection, no cross-reactivity was detected against other 9 common pathogen samples.ASe tests revealed impressive detection limits: using the WSSV standard plasmid as a template, the theoretical minimum detection limit was 1.83 copies/μL, while with mixed DNA from field samples, the limit reached 0.82 fg/μL. Notably, in both scenarios, this method outperformed the WOAH-recommended nested PCR in terms of sensitivity. Comparison of diagnostic performance on 317 field samples showed that the one-step PCR achieved a DSp of 97.01% and a DSe of 95.08%, both superior to the WOAH-recommended nested PCR. In conclusion, this study introduces an innovative one-step PCR method for WSSV detection in P. clarkii, based on the vp19 gene, achieving a remarkable detection limit of 1.83 copies/μL while maintaining simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Outperforming the WOAH-recommended nested PCR, this highly sensitive approach excels in identifying latent infections and facilitating epidemiological investigations. Its ability to detect low-level infections enhances its versatility for both routine screening and research, providing a powerful tool for year-round dynamic monitoring and early warning of WSSV. While acknowledging current limitations, this groundbreaking method lays a solid foundation for future advancements in aquatic pathogen detection. By combining accuracy, sensitivity, and practicality, this research represents a significant step forward in WSSV detection technology, with far-reaching implications for the sustainable development of crayfish aquaculture in both scientific and economic contexts.

• Mechanisms of astaxanthin in ameliorating blue body syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei

  WEI Xuchong, YI Huadong, FU Guangxu, BI Sheng, ZHANG Zhilun, CHEN Jiahui, LI Guifeng, WANG Haifang

  2025,32(5):700-717, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0321

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  To explore the mechanisms of astaxanthin alleviating the physiological abnormalities caused by blue body syndrome (BBS) in Litopenaeus vannamei, including body color abnormalities, growth retardation, and health deterioration, this study was conducted using two astaxanthin-supplemented diets: 0 mg/kg (control group, CT) and 100 mg/kg (astaxanthin group, AX). Juvenile shrimp [initial weight: (0.77 ± 0.27) g] were reared for 60 days in a recirculating aquaculture system. A systematic comparison of body color, astaxanthin content in various tissues, tissue structure, growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune function was performed between the two groups. The results showed: (1) Shrimp in the CT group exhibited blue body coloration, a typical symptom of BBS, whereas AX shrimp showed normal light brown coloration. During the trial, total astaxanthin content in the hepatopancreas, cuticle, and muscle tissues in CT shrimp decreased by 21.51%, whereas that in AX shrimp increased by 95.17%, with significantly higher astaxanthin levels in the hepatopancreas and cuticle (P＜0.05). At the end of the experiment, the blue-body ratio was 8.67% in the AX group, significantly lower than in the CT group (76.00%). These results suggest that exogenous astaxanthin supplementation can significantly increase astaxanthin deposition, improved body coloration, and reduced BBS incidence in shrimp. (2) Histological analysis revealed severe pathological changes in the CT group, including hepatopancreatic cell atrophy and deformation, loose muscle fiber arrangement, and detachment of the intestinal epithelial cells. In contrast, the AX group showed no tissue abnormalities, indicating that BBS caused structural damage to critical tissues, and astaxanthin supplementation helped maintain normal tissue structures. (3) Compared with CT shrimp, AX individuals showed significantly enhanced activities of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and trypsin) and increased relative expression levels of growth-related genes (igf-1 and igf-2), resulting in improved growth performance (P＜0.05). These findings suggest that astaxanthin mitigates BBS-induced growth retardation by enhancing digestive enzyme activity and promoting the expression of growth-related genes. (4) AX shrimp exhibited significantly higher total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, and lower malondialdehyde levels than CT shrimp (P＜0.05), indicating that astaxanthin ameliorated the oxidative imbalance caused by BBS through enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. (5) Expression of immune-related genes, including crustin, penaeidin 3a, proPO, and relish, was significantly upregulated in AX shrimp compared with that in CT shrimp (P＜0.05), demonstrating that astaxanthin alleviates BBS-induced immunosuppression by promoting immune-related gene expression. In conclusion, nutritional metabolic disorders due to insufficient intake of astaxanthin are a critical cause of BBS in L. vannamei. Astaxanthin is preferentially utilized in shrimp to strengthen their antioxidant defense system, protecting tissue structure and physiological metabolism before being deposited for pigmentation, thus ameliorating the body color abnormalities and physiological dysfunctions associated with BBS.

• Correlation analysis of bacterial structure and environmental factors under the skin ulcer syndrome outbreak of cultured Apostichopus japonicus in cage aquaculture system

  WANG Jinjin, WANG Yingeng, LI Bin, RONG Xiaojun, LIAO Meijie, GE Jianlong, CHEN Zhengqiang, LIU Qingbing, JIANG Minqi

  2025,32(5):718-728, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0390

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  In this study, skin ulcer syndrome (SUS) broke out in three cage culture areas of Apostichopus japonicus in Xiaoleijiang, Wenqi and Weijiangcounty of Fujian Province in November 2023. The study analyzed the pathogenesis, bacterial structure, and correlations between bacterial and environmental factors, based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rDNA V3‒V4 variable region of microorganisms from sampled tissues of A. japonicus diagnosed with SUS and surrounding water samples. The bacterial community structure analysis results showed that the detected bacteria belonged to 33 phyla, 72 classes, and 350 families. The top three dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota. The dominant bacterial families included Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Microbacteriaceae, etc. In the water samples, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the two dominant phyla, and the dominant bacterial families consisted of Flavobacteriaceae, Erythrobacteriaceae, Actinomarinaceae, and unclassified Cyanobacteria. Alpha diversity analysis showed that Chao1 and ACE indices exhibited significant differences between the body wall and water samples of A. japonicus from different regions. PCoA analysis indicated that water samples clustered together, surrounding the body wall samples, suggesting that the water bacterial was associated with the health of sea cucumbers. Correlation analysis of the top 20 microflora at the family level in the diseased tissue and water samples revealed that 100 pairs of 18 microflora had significant correlations, with the correlation coefficients between Trichospirillaceae, Spirillaceae, and Muribaculaceae exceeding 0.95. Correlation analysis between microbial flora and environmental factors indicated that environmental factors BOD/Hg/Zn/Ni were significantly correlated with microbial alpha diversity (P＜0.05) of diseased tissues and water samples. The results above indicated that the diseased tissues had certain association with the flora in the water, and the environmental factors had considerable effects on the structure of the flora and the stability of the microecology. This study provided some scientific basis for the prevention and control of A. japonicus skin ulcer syndrome, while supporting the preservation of culture environment and the optimization of the culture process for sea cucumber.

• Screening of Non-permeating Cryoprotectants-Based Mixed Vitrification Solution for Cryopreservation of Oplegnathus punctatus Embryos

  Yangfengfan, Lilinlin, Wangshihao, Zhangchunbai, Dingtangtang, Lizhentong, Liuyang, wanglinna, Yongsheng Tian, Lishengzhong

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究冷冻保护剂对斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)胚胎的毒性影响及筛选胚胎适宜冷冻保存条件, 本研究首先对蔗糖、海藻糖、葡萄糖和果糖四种非渗透保护剂进行筛选, 利用适宜的非渗透保护剂配制混合型冷冻保护剂PMG3S和PMG3T, 同时优化了斑石鲷胚胎的玻璃化冷冻条件, 包括了冷冻保护剂浓度、平衡时间、胚胎发育阶段, 在以上实验的基础上对胚胎在0 ℃、-20 ℃冷冻保存。结果显示, 斑石鲷胚胎对蔗糖和海藻糖的耐受性较高, 其中1 mol/L蔗糖处理斑石鲷胚胎1 h后胚胎正常发育率与对照组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。利用PMG3S和PMG3T对斑石鲷肌节期、尾芽期和心跳期胚胎进行渗透处理, 结果显示在两者浓度为35%时, 尾芽期胚胎正常发育率与对照组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05), 在35%浓度下斑石鲷尾芽期胚胎随着平衡时间的延长死亡率逐渐升高。35% PMG3S平衡胚胎35 min ，胚胎正常发育率与对照组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。利用35% PMG3S对斑石鲷肌节期、尾芽期和心跳期胚胎处理后在不同低温下冷冻保存, 尾芽期胚胎在0 ℃和-20 ℃存活率显著高于其他发育阶段(P＜0.05), 存活率分别为(72.58±2.21)%、(62.90±4.24)%。研究结果为斑石鲷胚胎冷冻保存技术建立提供了丰富的生物学支持。

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• Predictive Study on the Potential Habitat Distribution and Changes of Undaria pinnatifida in China Based on the MaxEnt Model

  TIAN Kuo, WU Haobo, QIU Juwei, ZOU Jianbo, WANG Jingyi, SU Xiaoyan, WANG Yihang, ZHANG Xiumei

  Abstract: (12) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  作为东北亚海域特有的温带大型褐藻，裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)在我国仅存舟山群岛的野生种群；但该物种在全球多地已形成归化种群，被列为全球百大入侵物种。本研究旨在构建裙带菜在我国海域的生态位模型，揭示关键环境驱动因子，预测当前及未来气候情景下的适生区分布格局，为制定差异化管控策略提供科学依据。整合全球1192条分布点记录和对应时间段的21个陆地、海洋环境变量，运用MaxEnt模型模拟其潜在适生区和预测未来适生区变化。受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under receiver operating curve)为0.9480，预测能力优良。海洋表层均温、最冷季均温、海洋表层均盐和最干旱季均温构成主要限制因子。潜在适生区(P≥0.25)主要集中在浙江、福建、山东半岛近岸和辽东湾沿岸海域，其中辽宁金州、长海及浙江舟山嵊泗列岛沿岸海域最适合野生裙带菜生长(P≥0.45)。未来多气候情景影响下，长江以南的裙带菜适生区范围将缩减，但舟山核心区(P≥0.45)保持稳定，北方沿海适生区变化波动较小，呈现显著的地域差异。裙带菜在多气候变化情景下，未来分布呈现南退北稳的趋势。因此，有必要采取差异化的管理策略，加强北方地区的入侵监测和预警系统，同时保护南方野生种群的种质资源，以确保生态完整性和有效的入侵物种控制。

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• Effect of nitrite addition on the establishment and performance of nitrification in bioflocs

  Tang Yixin, Hu Xin, Sun Gao, Guo Yanshuo, Tan Hongxin, Luo Guozhi

  Abstract: (18) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）通过氧化亚硝酸盐产生的能量生长，因此，其生长会受到初始低亚硝酸盐浓度的限制，导致生物絮团硝化作用建立速度过慢以及硝化性能不足。本文在培养生物絮团过程中添加不同浓度的亚硝酸盐溶液使各组亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）的初始浓度为0、2、10、50、100 mg/L，并命名为N-0、N-2、N-10、N-50和N-100，探究其对生物絮团硝化作用建立、硝化作用性能、营养组分、微生物群落的影响。培养期间水质结果显示N-50组和N-100组中的NO2--N先于其他组降至低水平，生物絮团硝化作用建立时间显著快于其他组（P ＜0.05）。氨氮去除能力的结果显示，N-100组的氨氮处理能力显著高于其他组（P ＜ 0.05）；各组粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗灰分、脂肪酸、氨基酸含量无显著差异（P ＞0.05）；N-50组和N-100组的微生物与其他组差异显著，且与NO2-、NO3-和TN的变化相关，NO2-的影响强度最大；门水平和纲水平上，N-50组和N-100组的变形菌丰度显著降低，放线菌、绿弯菌丰度显著提高（P ＜0.05）；属水平上，N-50组和N-100组副球菌属、norank_f__Alcaligenaceae的相对丰度显著低于其他各组，谷氨酸杆菌属、Comamonas的相对丰度显著高于其他组（P ＜ 0.05）；N-50组和N-100组的amoA和hao基因表达量显著高于其他实验组，添加亚硝酸盐组的nxrA基因表达量显著升高（P ＜ 0.05），亚硝酸盐氧化能力提升。本研究表明在培养生物絮团时，添加亚硝酸盐使 NO2--N为100 mg/L能显著提高生物絮团硝化作用建立速度以及硝化性能。

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• Target strength of Carassius auratus and Parabramis pekinensis based on Kirchhoff-ray mode model

  WAN Chaoyang, YE Liting, LI Junyi, DAI Lili, ZHOU Qiong, CAI Zhiyu, ZHANG Hui

  Abstract: (24) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  鱼类目标强度是将声学信号转换成绝对资源量的关键参数, 同时也是渔业声学技术的重要研究内容。为提高声学方法在大宗淡水鱼类资源评估中的准确度, 本研究采用X光射线扫描获取了20尾鲫(Carassius auratus)和19尾鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)样品的鱼鳔和鱼体形态学参数, 使用基尔霍夫射线模型计算了每尾鱼在不同频率和不同姿态倾角下的目标强度, 并建立了在3种声学调查频率下鲫、鳊的目标强度(TS)和体长(BL)关系的拟合方程。结果表明, 鱼类姿态倾角对TS有着显著影响, 鲫、鳊TS随姿态倾角变化的指向性图案有着相似的频率特征, 随着频率的升高, TS受倾角的影响更敏感, 且体长较大的个体有着更复杂的变化。在N[90°, 10°]的姿态倾角分布下, 频率分别为70 kHz、120 kHz和200 kHz时, 鲫的平均TS与BL的拟合方程依次为TS=20lg(BL)?64.71、TS=20lg(BL)?65.46、TS=20lg(BL)?65.81, 鳊的平均TS与BL的拟合方程依次为TS=20lg(BL)?65.40、TS=20lg(BL)?66.02、TS=20lg(BL)?66.47。研究结果可为我国大宗淡水鱼类的目标强度测量、声学识别及资源评估提供基础数据和科学参考。

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• Histopathological changes caused by the infection of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in Monopterus albus and genetic diversity of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

  zhengchunru, mengyouzhi, shenyuhang, yanghao, tuxiao, guzemao

  Abstract: (24) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为阐明多子小瓜虫(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)感染黄鳝(Monopterus albus)引起的病理学变化及不同小瓜虫株系间的遗传多样性，本研究对自然感染小瓜虫的黄鳝进行了组织病理学分析，并基于线粒体cox-1和nad1_b串联序列分析了我国小瓜虫株系间的遗传结构和遗传差异。组织病理学分析结果显示，小瓜虫主要寄生于黄鳝体表及咽部表皮基底层，引起表皮隆起与破损、基部出血以及黏液细胞体积增大等特征性病变。多重序列比对结果显示，黄鳝源小瓜虫HB12分离株与已报道的40个小瓜虫分离株间存在91个核苷酸变异位点和32种单倍型，其中HB12属于新单倍型(Hap_1)。遗传多样性参数结果显示，引入HB12后，我国小瓜虫分离株群的单倍型多样性(Hd)为1.0、核苷酸多样性(Pi)从0.01335降低至0.01318，总体呈现出高单倍型多样性(Hd>0.5)和高核苷酸多样性(Pi>0.005)。系统发育树和单倍型网络图分析结果显示，HB12与5个采集于中国湖北省的小瓜虫分离株(HB6、HB10、HB11、HB3、HB2)聚为一枝，并与其它地理株系显著分离，表明寄生宿主的地理位置差异是驱动小瓜虫株系间遗传分化的主要因素。本研究首次揭示了小瓜虫对黄鳝的致病特征及其遗传结构特征，为解析小瓜虫病的发生规律及其跨地区传播防控提供了科学依据。

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• Effects of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) grazing on submerged macrophyte growth and their habitat

  ChenQiu, LI Xiaoli, WU Zhouhang, WU Xingbing, ZHU Yongjiu, LI Xuemei

  Abstract: (38) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为评估草鱼、鲫对沉水植物生长及其生境的影响, 本研究选择3种典型的沉水植物(苦草Vallisneria natans、黑藻Hydrilla verticillata和金鱼藻Ceratophyllum demersum)设计了相关的中宇宙试验。共分为9个实验组: 对照-苦草组、草鱼-苦草组、鲫-苦草组; 对照-苦草组、草鱼-黑藻组、鲫-黑藻组; 对照-金鱼藻组、草鱼-金鱼藻组、鲫-金鱼藻组。实验持续90d, 每隔15d监测不同组沉水植株成活数量、生长情况、水体理化指标以及浮游生物的变化情况。结果表明: 草鱼对苦草、黑藻和金鱼藻的幼株和成株的生物量产生极显著抑制, 并显著降低三种沉水植物成活数量及株高; 鲫牧食对苦草和黑藻的生长抑制显著, 但在实验后期金鱼藻高度和生物量有所增加。与对照组相比, 草鱼、鲫牧食组水体透明度和pH值显著降低, 固体悬浮物、总氮、总磷和化学需氧量显著升高, 水体浮游动植物的生物量增加且优势种群组成发生变化。相关性分析显示, 草鱼、鲫牧食组沉水植物的成活率与透明度显著正相关, 与化学需氧量负相关。本研究可为浅水湖泊沉水植物的恢复提供数据支撑。

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• Influence of age and gender on the microflora of the intestine and skin mucus of the Dybowski’s frog (Rana dybowskii)

  Wang Yanan, Fu Yuhan, Zhang Haonan, Wang Jing, Hu Guo

  Abstract: (43) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)的肠道与皮肤微生物群在维持宿主健康、调节免疫应答及促进能量吸收等生理过程中发挥重要作用。为阐明年龄及性别因素对其肠道和皮肤微生物群落的影响, 本研究采用高通量测序技术, 对不同性别的1龄和2龄东北林蛙的肠道内容物和皮肤黏液微生物的群落结构和功能进行分析。共获得肠道内容物6990个和皮肤黏液14340个ASV(扩增子序列变体, Amplicon Sequence Variant), 分别涵盖14和18个细菌门, 371和422个属。α多样性分析显示, 皮肤黏液微生物组的丰富度高于肠道。雌性东北林蛙肠道和皮肤黏液菌群的丰富度和多样性整体高于雄性东北林蛙。功能预测分析显示, 2龄个体的肠道菌群富集于氨基酸和能量代谢通路, 而1 龄个体的碳水化合物代谢通路相对丰度更高。在皮肤黏液菌群中，2龄东北林蛙雌雄个体间的功能通路丰度存在明显差异，而1龄个体间差异则不明显。研究发现, 年龄可能是影响东北林蛙肠道和皮肤微生物群落的主导因素, 性别的影响相对较弱，且主要体现在调节2龄个体的菌群功能上，年龄和性别共同作用于菌群的多样性与功能特征的形成。本研究首次探讨了年龄与性别对东北林蛙肠道和皮肤黏液微生物的多样性、菌群结构和功能特征的影响，初步结果表明，年龄是塑造其微生物群落的关键因素，而性别则在2龄阶段表现出对菌群功能的潜在调控作用。这些发现为在东北林蛙健康养殖中，结合个体发育阶段和性别制定管理策略提供了重要的理论依据。

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• Full-length transcriptome sequencing and characteristics analysis of vision-related functional genes in Odontodactylus scyllarus

  Duan Xiaowen, Huang Qi, Fu Haipeng, Wang Lei, Wang Zhiyang, Lu Xia, Pi Yongrui, Tang Yongzheng, Lou Fangrui

  Abstract: (48) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  口足类独特视觉相关的遗传特征探究对于解析口足类的视觉生态理论至关重要。本研究首次开展了口足类代表性物种——蝉形齿指虾蛄（Odontodactylus scyllarus）的全长转录组测序并分析了该物种视觉相关的功能基因及其结构特征。过滤掉低质量测序数据后，研究共组装获取17,105条Unigene序列。基于隐马尔可夫模型，研究自Unigene序列中鉴定出23条视蛋白基因，包括17条长波光敏感视蛋白基因（LWS）、4条中波光敏感视蛋白基因（MWS）和2条紫外光敏感视蛋白基因（UV）。23条视蛋白基因的氨基酸长度、分子量和等电点范围分别为188 ~ 433 aa、21.04 ~ 48 kDa和5.89 ~ 9.20，含碱性氨基酸并具高疏水性和稳定性。Motif分析表明23条视蛋白基因均存在7个跨膜结构域且第七跨膜结构域具备保守的QAKKMH和SLR。视蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋所占比例最大，而后依次为无规则卷曲、延伸链和β-折叠；同时，MWS亚家族基因三维结构的序列一致性最高（89.35%），其次为UV亚家族基因（76.18%）和LWS亚家族基因（72.07%）。此外，研究筛选了TRPL、RK、PKC、DAGL、Rh、PLCβ、NINAC、IP3R、Arr2、Actin和CamKII等光传导相关的功能基因。研究首次获取的蝉形齿指虾蛄全长转录组信息可丰富口足类的遗传数据库，并可为探究口足类特殊视觉背后的遗传机理及其演化历程奠定基础。

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• The detection and counting method of glass eel in images based on C2fAM-YOLO

  CHEN Qi, ZHOU Weifeng, ZHU Pengfei, ZHANG Li

  Abstract: (31) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  俗称“玻璃鳗”时期的鳗鱼(Anguilla japonica)幼苗具有个体较小、鱼体透明和眼睛构造突出的特点。其透明特使得常规模型难以精准识别计数。因此本文提出C2fAM-YOLO目标检测模型, 对玻璃鳗(glass eel)的眼部进行识别定位并进行计数。本文基于YOLOv5算法框架提出了改进模型: 引入了CBAM卷积注意力模块, 提升网络特征图的表征能力, 通过空间和通道注意力机制自适应地捕获全局和局部特征关系, 调整通道重要性, 增强特征表示力；用SimSPPF模块替换SPPF模块, 保留更多层级信息, 将SiLU作为激活函数避免过度学习；并设计了不同尺寸的四个检测头锚框, 进一步提高玻璃鳗检测准确率。实验结果表明, C2fAM-YOLO模型的检测准确率达到88.9%, mAP达到89.9%。与RT-DETR-ResNet50以及YOLO同系列(v3至v12)等模型的对比分析表明, C2fAM-YOLO模型在玻璃鳗的识别任务中表现最优, 其优势在于较高的准确率和召回率, 易于终端部署, 且在光线不佳或背景干扰较大的条件下也能保持稳定性能, 展现出良好的鲁棒性, 可为玻璃鳗的检测与计数提供了强有力的技术支持。

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• Trophic structure of rice-crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) co-culture and food source of Procambarus clarkii

  chenxiaolong, liwen, xiongfei, yujixin, zhaidongdong, chenyuanyuan, liuhongyan

  Abstract: (29) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了解稻虾共作模式不同养殖阶段(幼虾、成虾)生态系统的营养结构及克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的食物来源,利用稳定同位素技术分析了稻虾共作系统的基础食源及消费者的碳、氮同位素比值(δ₁₃^C、δ₁₅^N),通过Bayesian标准椭圆模型(SIBER)和混合模型(SIAR)等分析方法,对系统的营养结构及克氏原螯虾的食源贡献率进行了研究。结果表明：幼虾阶段基础食源δ₁₃^C值介于-30.77‰(喜旱莲子草)~-24.19‰(饲料),δ₁₅^N值介于-3.51‰(悬浮有机颗粒物,POM)~3.01‰(喜旱莲子草),成虾阶段基础食源δ₁₃^C值介于-30.74‰(稻秆)~-24.19‰(饲料),δ₁₅^N值介于-3.74‰(POM)~2.27‰(喜旱莲子草)；幼虾阶段基础食源δ₁₃^C值范围的跨度(6.58)与成虾阶段(6.55)相差不大,δ₁₅^N值范围的跨度(6.52)大于成虾阶段(6.01)。克氏原螯虾δ₁₃^C值在两个阶段存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),而δ₁₅^N值差异不显著。幼虾阶段稻虾共作系统食物链长度(2.35)短于成虾阶段(4.10),能量从基础食源传递至克氏原螯虾的食物链传递损耗更低；克氏原螯虾的平均营养级(2.35)小于成虾阶段(3.11)。SIBER分析显示,成虾阶段稻虾共作系统具有较广的基础食源(CR)、较长的食物链(NR)、较高的营养结构多样化程度(TA和CD)、较低的群落冗余度(MNND和SDNND),但克氏原螯虾的生态空间利用率(TA、SEA、SEAC)低于幼虾阶段。SIAR溯源表明,在幼虾阶段,底栖动物(以水丝蚓、摇蚊幼虫等为主)对克氏原螯虾的食物贡献最高(77.7%),其次为饲料(9.2%)、伊乐藻(5.4%)、浮游动物(3.5%)和喜旱莲子草(3.1%),POM对克氏原螯虾的食物贡献最低(1.1%)；在成虾阶段,饲料对克氏原螯虾的食物贡献最高(85.1%),其次为喜旱莲子草(3.0%)、伊乐藻(2.9%)、底栖动物(2.6%)、浮游动物(2.3%)、稻秆(2.2%),POM对克氏原螯虾的食物贡献最低(1.9%)。本研究显示,幼虾阶段克氏原螯虾对底栖动物等天然饵料的利用率较高,建议在该养殖阶段减少饲料投喂量,让克氏原螯虾充分利用天然饵料资源。

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• Cloning, Molecular Characterization, and Regulatory Mechanism of the phd1 Gene in Hypoxia Adaptation of Megalobrama amblycephala

  Feng Yahui, Ding Siyu, Chen Songlin, Loic Kemmadzong Foning, Zheng Guodong, Zou Shuming

  Abstract: (37) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  摘要: 为解析团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)phd1基因的分子特征及其在低氧应激中的调控作用，本研究克隆了其编码区序列，该序列长1446 bp，编码481个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明，phd1蛋白分子量为52.30 kDa，理论等电点（pI）为8.30，整体呈亲水性（GRAVY=-0.535），氨基酸组成中甘氨酸与丝氨酸含量较高。其二级结构以随机卷曲为主（58.00%），三级结构同源建模结果显示，该蛋白与模板蛋白（A0A673GA55.1.A）相似性达82.46%。功能域分析证实其具有典型的2OG-Fe(II)依赖加氧酶保守结构域，揭示其在低氧感应调控中的核心作用。进化分析表明团头鲂phd1与红鳍鲌和翘嘴鲌相似度最高（97.72%），系统发育树聚类结果符合物种分类地位。组织表达谱显示phd1在肝脏、心脏和鳃中呈优势表达（P<0.05）。低氧处理后，团头鲂鳃组织中的phd1表达水平随处理时间显著下调，而hif-1α的表达上调（P<0.05）；复氧24 h后均恢复至低氧6 h水平，表明phd1、hif-1α表达水平受溶氧量动态调控。亚细胞定位表明，phd1-EGFP融合蛋白在常氧与低氧条件下均定位于细胞核内，提示其可能通过核内调控机制参与HIF信号通路的转录调控。本研究系统解析了团头鲂phd1的分子特征及其在低氧应答中的动态调控机制，为揭示鱼类HIF信号通路适应性进化提供重要理论参考。

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• Trophic Characteristics and Feeding Ecology of Collichthys lucidus in the Yangtze Estuary under Fishing Moratorium

  Shu Chuanjun, Tang Zeping, Zhang Tao, Geng Zhi, Zhao Feng, Yang Gang, Zhuang Ping

  Abstract: (42) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  摘要：为探究禁捕后长江口棘头梅童鱼的食物组成，本研究基于胃含物分析法对2024年春季在长江口水域采集的棘头梅童鱼样本进行了统计分析。结果发现，长江口棘头梅童鱼的饵料生物共计11类29种，甲壳类(虾蟹类）是其主要的食物来源，相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)达96.32%(虾类32.78%，蟹类63.54%)。相似性检验结果显示，幼鱼与成鱼在饵料选择上表现出显著的生态位分化(P<0.01)，其中，幼鱼主要以狭额绒螯蟹(Eriocheir leptognathus，IRI%=38.55%)和长额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis longirostris，IRI%=23.12%)为主要饵料，而成鱼则偏好摄食中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体(Eriocheir sinensis megalopa，IRI%=54.76%)和安氏白虾(Exopalaemon annandalei，IRI%=27.67%)。长江口不同区域间棘头梅童鱼食物组成也存在显著差异(P<0.05)，淡水区以安氏白虾(IRI%=73.65%)为绝对优势饵料生物，咸淡水区则以中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体(IRI%=54.17%)和安氏白虾(IRI%=22.86%)为主。与禁捕前相比，禁捕后棘头梅童鱼食物组成发生显著改变，优势种更替率为66.6%，这一改变或与长江禁捕效应带来长江口饵料生物和鱼类生存空间的竞争压力有关。

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• Regulation of ammonia nitrogen transformation and bacterial communities in aquaculture water through algae-bacteria interactions with carbon source addition

  Ying Kejia, He Lin, Liu Minhai, Lin Zhihua, zheng xiafei

  Abstract: (50) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  针对添加外源碳的生物絮团养殖系统, 以往研究侧重于异养细菌对无机氮的吸收利用, 但微藻在此过程中的作用机制尚缺乏深入研究。本研究为阐明添加碳源对养殖系统氨氮去除的贡献及其对细菌群落的调控作用, 设置了空白对照、碳源添加对照、除藻+碳源、抑菌+碳源四组处理。实验结果表明, 添加碳源(外源碳: 氨氮=6:1)显著改变了氨氮转化路径, 与以硝化作用为主的空白组不同, 碳源添加对照组约84.6%的氨氮通过细菌和藻类同化作用吸收。抑制细菌生长后, 氨氮仍下降1.65 mg/L, 表明藻类同化作用对氨氮去除有显著贡献, 约占对照组氨氮去除量的46%。除藻组通过强化细菌的同化作用显著提高了系统细菌生物量和氨氮去除总量, 但也导致细菌群落α多样性及潜在致病菌衣原体门(Chlamydiae)、福格斯氏菌属(Vogesella)相对丰度升高。微藻的存在抑制了细菌的过度增殖, 维持了以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和多核杆菌属(Polynucleobacter)为主导的相对稳定的细菌群落结构, 并显著抑制了潜在致病菌的生长。本研究证实, 在添加碳源的生物絮团系统中, 微藻不仅直接参与氨氮同化, 而且通过与细菌的复杂互作调控细菌群落结构和功能, 维持系统氮的生态稳定性。

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• Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Fish Resources in Jiangjin, Zhongxian, and Zigui Sections of the Upper Yangtze River during the Initial Stage of Fishing Ban

  WEI Xiaoyu, DENG Huangtang, GAO Lei, TIAN Huiwu, NI Dafu, XIE Wei, TAMG Cheng, DUAN Xinbin, ZHOU Junjie, WANG Dengqiang, WANG Ke

  Abstract: (39) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为掌握禁渔初期长江上游江津、忠县和秭归江段鱼类资源时空分布特征，于2023年对三个江段开展了两次水声学和渔获物调查。结果表明，在时间分布上，江津江段低水位时期（7月）和高水位时期（10月）鱼类密度分别为9.17±0.74和13.32±2.44 尾/1000m3，目标强度平均值分别为-55.69±3.38和-55.21±3.13 dB；忠县江段低水位时期（5月）和高水位时期（11月）鱼类密度分别为6.38±1.87和1.22±0.26 尾/1000m3，目标强度平均值分别为-53.99±4.25和-56.66±3.23 dB；秭归江段低水位时期（4月）和高水位时期（12月）鱼类密度分别为0.45±0.49和0.32±0.07 尾/1000m3，目标强度平均值分别为-52.18±5.90和-52.08±4.42 dB。在水平分布上，鱼类密度分布不均匀，集中分布于河道蜿蜒处和江河汇流处；在垂直分布上，江津江段两时期鱼类密度分别为中层＞表层＞低层和表层＞中层＞底层；忠县江段两时期鱼类密度分别为表层＞中层＞底层和表层＞底层＞中层；秭归江段两时期鱼类密度均为表层＞中层＞底层。江津、忠县和秭归江段两时期鱼类密度表现为极显著差异（**P<0.01）。渔获物调查显示，江段以静水性鱼类为主，鱼类组成以鲤科鱼类为主。研究结果为评估禁渔政策实施后长江上游鱼类资源恢复和保护情况提供数据支撑。

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• Differdifferences between rainbow and golden trout under saline water and freshwater aquaculture conditions

  Yang Zhuoyu, Zhangyanping, Ge wenlong, You hongzheng, Shi xiaoning, Su zijun, Jiao Wenlong, Zhou fengqi

  Abstract: (46) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究盐碱水养殖和淡水养殖条件下虹鳟的营养成分差异,试验测定盐碱水和淡水水质情况,分析测定不同养殖条件下虹鳟和甘肃金鳟肌肉中的水分、灰分、蛋白、粗脂肪等常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸组成和含量,并利用主成分分析方法分析了不同养殖条件下氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。结果显示,盐碱水养殖和淡水养殖的虹鳟和甘肃金鳟在灰分、蛋白质含量上无显著性差异,RTS和GTS的粗脂肪含量均极显著高于RTF和GTF,且GTF水分含量显著高于GTS。RTF组氨基酸总量(51.08±4.13%)和GTF氨基酸总量(60.01±0.65%)显著高于RTS的氨基酸总量(48.15±2.62%)和GTS的氨基酸总量(54.41±2.29%)。氨基酸评分最高为GTF组69.87,最低为RTF组65.80。共检测到脂肪酸28种,不饱和脂肪酸含量,RTS和GTS的饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量小于RTF和GTF,而RTS和GTS的多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为42.917±0.016和47.802±0.021,显著高于RTF和GTF。主成分分析方法和聚类分析方法显示,脂肪酸可以有效区别不同养殖环境的虹鳟和甘肃金鳟。研究表明,盐碱水养殖的虹鳟与淡水养殖虹鳟常规营养价值,淡水养殖条件下的鲑鳟鱼氨基酸的含量和评分上优于盐碱水,但盐碱水养殖条件下的鲑鳟鱼在脂肪的含量和脂肪酸种类上优于淡水养殖条件下的鳟鱼。

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• Validation of morphological differences between left and right otoliths in Coilia nasus

  DU Chengchao, YANG Jian, LIU Jiahao, JIANG Tao, XUE Junren

  Abstract: (69) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  耳石是鱼类洄游生态学、保护生物学以及渔业资源学等领域重要的研究材料。验证左右耳石的形态差异是关乎实验试样的选择基准、研究结果的可比性和客观性的基础性问题。为了实际弄清鱼类左右耳石在形态上是否具有差异性，本研究首次以刀鲚作为代表，详细比较研究了长颌鲚和短颌鲚两种刀鲚生态表型个体左右矢耳石的外部形态参数和几何形态测量学地标点特征。结果显示，左、右耳石在耳石长、高、面积、周长等基础形态参数上差异不显著；这表明两者在轮廓结构上极为相似。但经相对扭曲得分判别分析，左、右耳石在几何形态测量学地标点方面的差异却极其显著，且主要体现在耳石的主凹槽和主间沟部分。两者间判别成功率高达100%。这说明两者在空间结构上存在明显差异。上述发现表明，在耳石形态学研究时，应在考虑左右耳石间潜在不对称性的基础上，分别取左或者右耳石来开展，以保证结果的可比性和客观性。本验证研究所破解的刀鲚左右耳石形态间差异性特征，可为完善鱼类相关研究的技术规范提供急需的理论依据。

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• Effects of Dietary DMPT Supplementation on Growth, Serum Immunity, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Gut Microbiota Composition in Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)

  CHENG Chao, ZHANG Jianming, SHU Tingting, QU HuantaoZHANG, Dezhi

  Abstract: (58) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  摘要：为探究饲料中添加DMPT对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血清免疫、肠道消化酶活性及肠道菌群组成的影响。试验在基础饲料中添加0、400、800、1600 mg/kg的DMPT，分别记作CK、A1、A2、A3组。用这四种试验饲料投喂初始体质量为（300.88±17.64）g的子二代中华鲟幼鱼5周，每种饲料投喂3个重复组，每个重复组10尾鱼。结果表明：A1、A2、A3组中华鲟幼鱼的增重率和特定增长率显著高于CK组；A3组的饲料系数显著低于CK组。血清免疫球蛋白M、补体C3、补体C4含量、溶菌酶活性均随着添加量的增加呈现不断升高的趋势，且A2和A3组均显著高于CK组。三个处理组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于CK组；A2和A3组碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于CK组。A1和A2组蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性均显著高于CK组；三个处理组淀粉酶活性显著高于CK组。蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性随着添加量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势。三个处理组的ACE、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数与CK组之间无显著差异；A2和A3组的PD_whole_tree指数显著高于CK组。各组中华鲟幼鱼肠道绝对优势菌门为梭杆菌门，次级优势菌门为变形菌门和厚壁菌门，且随着DMPT添加量的增加梭杆菌门的相对分度呈现先降低后升高的趋势。各组中华鲟幼鱼肠道绝对优势菌属为鲸杆菌门，且其相对丰度随着DMPT添加量的增加呈现升高的趋势。CK组和A2组的次级优势菌属为邻单胞菌属和埃希氏-志贺氏菌；A1和A3组次级优势菌属为邻单胞菌属和拟杆菌属。A2和A3组的肝脏GHR基因表达量显著高于CK组；A3组的IGF-1、IGF-2基因表达量显著高于CK组。GHR、IGF-1、IGF-2基因表达量随着DMPT添加量的增加呈现不断升高的趋势。综上所述，当DMPT添加量为1600mg/kg，能够有效的提高肝脏生长相关基因的表达水平，进而获得最佳的生长性能，同时对于机体免疫能力也有显著提升。当DMPT添加量为400mg/kg，能够更有效的提升肠道消化酶活活性。

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• Effects of net type and survey duration on fish resources monitoring in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River

  hule, zhaidongdong, chenyuanyuan, xiongfei, queyanfu, zhubin, duanxinbin, liuhongyan

  Abstract: (53) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  网具类型和调查时长是影响鱼类资源监测效果的重要因素。本研究基于2022年夏季（7-8月）和秋季（10-11月）在汉江下游沙洋、潜江、仙桃和汉川4个江段的鱼类资源监测数据，评估了两种典型网具（定置刺网和地笼）和调查时长对鱼类资源监测效果的影响。在汉江下游共监测到鱼类66种，定置刺网与地笼分别监测到54和51种，两种网具监测到的共有物种百分比夏季为57.6%、秋季为44.7%。定置刺网对不同水层鱼类的捕获没有明显选择性，而地笼对底层鱼类具有明显选择性；定置刺网捕获鱼类的平均体长显著大于地笼。定置刺网的累积日均渔获量在第 7 天趋于稳定，而地笼累积日均渔获量稳定性较差，且季节变化对地笼捕获效率的影响较大。基于物种累积曲线预测，10日连续监测可实现夏季和秋季物种总数70-80%的检出率。研究结果可为河流鱼类资源监测方法优化及标准化提供科学依据。

  • 1
• Starvation Experiment and Determination of the Point of No Return in Leiocassis longirostris Larvae

  XU Jiamin, LI Yikai, SI Xiangchao, TANG Yongtao, LI Qiang, ZHOU Chuanjiang

  Abstract: (70) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  研究长吻鮠（Leiocassis longiorostris）仔鱼的生长发育特点及最佳投喂时间，为长吻鮠仔鱼的培育提供参考依据。本实验设置饥饿组、摄食组和延迟投喂组，通过观察长吻鮠仔鱼的形态发育特征并采集其图像，测量仔鱼的全长、体长、头长、眼径及肌节高等形态学指标，分析饥饿胁迫对仔鱼生长发育的影响。同时，通过延迟投喂试验，观察仔鱼肠道内容物，计算初次摄食率、最高初次摄食率及不可逆点，确定其最佳投喂时间。在水温23.5~26.5℃的条件下，长吻鮠仔鱼于4日龄开口摄食，7日龄卵黄囊消失，14日龄到达不可逆点，混合营养期为3天，初次摄食率为64.40 %，最高初次摄食率为97.80 %，且5~11日龄仔鱼初次摄食率均维持在90 %以上。饥饿胁迫下的仔鱼出现组织消耗、生理萎缩及运动机能衰退等特征。异速生长分析表明，长吻鮠仔鱼的体长相对于其全长为负异速生长，头长、眼径、肌节高相对于其全长为正异速生长。长吻鮠仔鱼的主动摄食能力较强，具有一定耐饥饿能力，其最佳投喂时间为5日龄。长吻鮠仔鱼器官发育呈现“功能优先模式”，头长、眼径及肌节高等与摄食相关器官优先发育，其次，体长的负异速生长显著降低了能量消耗，这显著提升了仔鱼的早期生存适应能力。

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• Community structure and characteristics of nektons in the waters of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in spring and summer

  Niu Mingxiang, Wang Jun, Zuo Tao, Lu Feng, Zhou Yingfeng, Cheng Zhaolong, Li Yongtao, Li Jianwen, Song Jianbin

  Abstract: (39) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了解黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域游泳动物的种类组成、群落结构及其多样性，本研究于2023年夏季和2024年春季开展了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物调查，共采集到游泳动物34种，隶属于6目15科34属，鱼类27种，甲壳类7种，其中鱼类以鲤形目为主（16种）；生态类型上，以淡水型为主（24种），近海型6种，河口型3种，洄游型1种。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示，刺网渔获物优势种以淡水鱼类为主，地笼渔获物优势种包含了甲壳类。单位捕捞努力量总渔获质量和数量（刺网和地笼合计）春季均高于夏季。刺网调查，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H ）、Pielou种类均匀度指数（J）和Margalef物种丰富度指数（D）春季均高于夏季；而地笼调查，以上三个指数夏季均高于春季。丰度/生物量曲线表明，黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落结构受到一定程度的干扰，夏季干扰强度大于春季。等级聚类结果显示，在一定的相似性水平上，黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落划分为不同的组群，表明鱼类群落结构组成分布存在一定差异。本研究提供了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物资源现状的基础数据，为该区域的保护策略制定提供了数据支撑。

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• Study on artificial reproduction and early development of Schizothorax curvilabiatus in Yarlung Zangbo River

  SU Qi, YANG Peican, HE Kai, YANG Nana, LI Hongchi, ZHANG Chi

  Abstract: (63) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  弧唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax curvilabiatus)是雅鲁藏布江下游流域特有-珍稀经济鱼类。为实现弧唇裂腹鱼的养殖利用和资源保护，本研究对野外收集的弧唇裂腹鱼亲鱼开展人工催产，采用两次混合催产剂组合(LHRH-A2(10 μg/kg)+HCG(1500 IU/kg)+DOM(8 mg/kg))注射催产，常规干法受精，显微镜下观察记录受精卵的时序及发育特征。结果表明，弧唇裂腹鱼在水温14±1 ℃时催产率为75.91±5.91%、受精率为87.92±2.59%、孵化率为80.26±2.18%。弧唇裂腹鱼受精卵为淡黄色，微黏性的沉性卵，卵径为2.81±0.17 mm，吸水膨胀后卵径为4.42±0.21 mm。水温为14±1 ℃时，弧唇裂腹鱼胚胎孵化时长为184 h54 min~232 h14 min出膜，孵化累积积温为3223.17 ℃·h。初孵仔鱼平均全长为11.70±0.54 mm，出膜后9 d，仔鱼的胸鳍、鳃、口、尾鳍、肠道、鳔等等功能器官先后形成，出膜23 d后卵黄囊消失，仔鱼全长为17.36±0.53 mm，出膜65 d时各鳍基本长成，体型和体色接近成鱼，进入幼鱼阶段。本研究首次实现了弧唇裂腹鱼的人工繁育，填补了雅鲁藏布江下游流域鱼类人工繁育技术空白，并对其胚胎发育时序和仔鱼发育特征进行了系统的观察，为弧唇裂腹鱼种质资源保护与开发利用提供了技术支撑。

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• Succession and coexistence of dominant zooplankton species in Xiangshan Bay

  YANG Jieqing, YU Jinchen, LI Sen, ZHOU Jin, CHEN Lang, LI Xinran, LIU Qinghe, SHI Yunrong, xuqing

  Abstract: (60) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究浮游动物优势种时间演替特征和共存关系, 本研究以象山港海域浮游动物优势种为研究对象, 对其进行了逐月的调查, 从时间尺度上通过分析丰度月变化和演替率的方法并结合物种生态属性阐明了浮游动物优势种演替特征, 从生态位角度结合生态位宽度值、物种对间的生态位重叠值和食性等方法探讨了优势种之间的共存关系。结果显示, 1—5月优势种生态类群单一, 冷水种占优势种总丰度的96.43%, 6—12月优势种生态类群丰富, 暖水种占优势种总丰度的79.14%; 太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)丰度于夏季7月达峰值、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)于秋季10月达峰值, 腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)于冬季1月达峰值, 其峰值月份分别与夏季、秋季和冬季优势种总丰度和平均丰度单峰模型达峰值时间一致; 相邻月份优势种时间演替率整体在50%以上, Cochran检验和Friedman检验显示优势种无论是种类组成还是丰度, 月分布均差异极显著(P<0.01)。植食性的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus), 肉食性的真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni)等优势种于不同月份成为优势种, 歪水蚤属(Tortanus)、拟哲水蚤属(Paracalanus)和胸刺水蚤属(Centropages)内的物种成为优势种的月份也具差异; 背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤相互之间, 其食性相似且时间生态位重叠值高(Qik>0.6), 而空间生态位重叠值为一般(0.6≥Qik≥≥0.3); 汤氏长足水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)相互之间, 时间和空间生态位重叠值均为高(Qik >0.6), 其食物种类、粒径等存在差异。结果表明, 浮游动物优势种演替较为频繁, 年内优势种生态类群由冷水种向暖水种占主导的方向演替, 优势种爆发对总丰度贡献较大; 优势种之间的共存遵循生态位分化理论。研究结果可为浮游动物种间关系及群落构建机制提供参考。

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• Niche differentiation and trophic linkages among seven major economic fish species in the Anhui section of Huaihe River

  wangzixin, Zhou yanfeng, Xu junwei, Shen duqing, Wang chi, Li shanlin, Xue ying

  Abstract: (74) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  研究淮河干流鱼类种间关系、生态位分化及种间营养联系有助于解析鱼类群落结构稳定性和资源分配机制, 对于多鱼种渔业资源管理与生态系统健康评估具有重要意义。为此，本文选取淮河干流安徽段七种主要经济鱼类作为研究对象, 通过胃含物分析与生态位量化方法, 探究其摄食习性、生态位分化及种间竞争机制。结果表明, 这七种鱼类的摄食策略存在明显分化, 其中刀鲚(Coilia nasus)与达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)为肉食性, 主要以十足类为食, 鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)与长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)为植食性鱼类, 主要摄食硅藻和绿藻, 鲫(Carassius auratus)与鲤(Cyprinus carpio)主要摄食藻类、轮虫、软体动物等饵料, 鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)则为浮游动物食性。在生态位方面, 春季达氏鲌具有最高的营养生态位宽度, 秋季鲢最高。空间生态位最宽的是鲫, 最窄的是鳙。鲫与长春鳊(春季0.98、秋季0.95)、鲢与鳙(春季0.95、秋季0.47)的营养生态位重叠较高;它们的空间生态位重叠普遍较高, 13个种对在春季显著重叠, 秋季则只有9个种对显著重叠, 反映其生境分布的趋同性。鲢与鳙(春季0.83、秋季0.34)、鲫与长春鳊(春季0.70、秋季0.63)的营养-空间二维生态位重叠最高, 主要受其摄食习性的影响。摄食特化指数表明, 达氏鲌、鲫、鲢的摄食习性存在较大的个体间差异, 它们会通过种内摄食分化来降低种内食物竞争。本研究表明, 淮河干流安徽段的七种鱼类通过种间食性分化和种群内个体摄食行为调整实现生态位分化, 同时其共存机制还受到饵料生物可获得性、捕食者丰度以及栖息环境等因素的影响, 本研究可为深入探讨淮河鱼类生态学和多鱼种渔业资源管理提供科学依据。

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• Metabolomic Analysis of Liver Metabolism in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Under Saprolegniasis Stress

  WANG Wanliang¹, YANG Fengqin¹, zhangjifeng

  Abstract: (56) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨感染水霉病胁迫下对拉萨裸裂尻鱼（Schizopygopsis younghusbandi）肝脏代谢功能影响，实验以健康拉萨裸裂尻鱼为对照组（JYG），利用超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱技术手段对患病组（BYG）和死亡组（SYG）的肝脏差异代谢物进行筛选，确定其变化规律。结果显示，BYG组共筛选出211个差异代谢物，上调56个，下调155个，主要富集于核苷酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、氧化磷酸化等20条代谢通路；SYG组共筛选出421个差异代谢物，上调158个，下调263个，主要富集于戊糖磷酸途径、甘油磷脂代谢、核苷酸代谢等25条代谢通路。其中影响显著的代谢通路有磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和鞘脂为代表的脂质代谢；苹果酸、D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸和D-葡萄糖为代表的能量代谢；谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、和谷胱甘肽为代表的氨基酸代谢；棕榈酸乙酯、油酸和亚油酸为代表的脂肪酸代谢。研究结果表明，拉萨裸裂尻鱼感染水霉病后肝脏发生氧化应激发应，导致脂质代谢紊乱、脂肪酸代谢异常、氨基酸代谢和糖异生调控失衡。本研究结果为拉萨裸裂尻鱼产业化发展进程中病害防控和健康养殖提供基础数据。

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• A review of ghost fishing effect of fishing pots for decapod crustaceans

  ZHANG Jian, LU Tianxu, CHEN Xianyu, SHI Jiangao

  Abstract: (74) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  十足目甲壳动物笼壶渔业中废弃笼壶(DFP)对目标种类的幽灵捕捞是海洋渔业生态研究的热点,也是幽灵捕捞研究最为全面和深入的领域。从甲壳动物笼壶渔业共性出发,探索DFP幽灵捕捞发生和消亡机制及其对海洋生物的效应,是评价笼壶渔业生态效应、开展生态型笼壶渔具设计的基础。本文从笼壶废弃具体原因出发,通过分析甲壳动物入笼、死亡机制和DFP退化失效机制,阐明了幽灵捕捞的发生和消亡机制；结合全球主要商业甲壳动物笼壶渔业或渔场中DFP的数量与规模、幽灵捕捞持续时间和幽灵捕捞率等汇总数据,在构建统一幽灵捕捞效应相关量化指标体系后,从入笼、逃逸和死亡等多个层面系统总结和对比了不同渔业中的DFP对目标种类的幽灵捕捞效率及对渔业的整体影响。针对海洋环境下真实幽灵捕捞过程的复杂和多样性,讨论了回收和模拟观测等研究体系和方法的局限性及其可能对DFP幽灵捕捞效应研究结果带来的影响。

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• Molecular cloning and expression analysis of mitochondrial fission related genes in Macrobrachium nipponensein response to carbonate alkalinity stress

  LV Zhimin, LIU Jiaqi, WU Yijie, JIN Yiting, SUN Shengming

  Abstract: (101) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)线粒体分裂相关基因MTFP1 (Mitochondrial fission process 1)与FIS1 (Mitochondrial fission protein 1)在碳酸盐碱度胁迫下分子应答机制，采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术，克隆了日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1基因cDNA全长序列，采用半定量 RT-PCR 与实时荧光定量 PCR分析目的基因在日本沼虾不同组织与不同碱度胁迫阶段的表达情况，采用免疫荧光技术分析了碳酸盐碱度胁迫下MTFP1与FIS1的表达与定位，利用透射电镜观察高碳酸盐碱度胁迫下，日本沼虾鳃与肝胰腺组织中线粒体结构损伤。结果显示，日本沼虾MTFP1基因cDNA全长1101bp，包括33 bp的5′非编码区、588 bp的3?非编码区和480 bp开放阅读框，编码159个氨基酸，包含一个MTP18超家族结构域；日本沼虾FIS1基因cDNA全长为1933bp，包括148 bp的5′非编码区、1324 bp的3?非编码区和480 bp开放阅读框，编码150个氨基酸，包含一个FIS1超家族结构域。氨基酸序列比对与系统进化树分析结果显示，日本沼虾MTFP1和FIS1氨基酸序列分别与其他甲壳动物的MTFP1和FIS1有着较近的进化关系。RT-PCR结果表明日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1基因在8个组织中均有表达，其中在鳃、肝胰腺和性腺中表达量较高。在急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫96 h过程中，日本沼虾鳃和肝胰腺组织MTFP1与FIS1基因表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。构建MTFP1与FIS1基因原核表达系统并制备多克隆抗体，免疫荧光结果显示急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫后，日本沼虾鳃和肝胰腺组织中MTFP1与FIS1蛋白表达阳性信号均明显增加。透射电镜观察结果显示急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫96 h后，日本沼虾鳃与肝胰腺组织中线粒体结构异常。研究表明，急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫显著提高日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1转录表达水平。本研究为揭示线粒体分裂相关基因在虾类中的分子特征及其对高碳酸盐碱度胁迫的响应机制提供了基础数据。

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• Comparison of morphological traits and path analysis of three populations of Procambarus clarkii

  Xuguangwei, Liujiaqing, sunyunfei, Liyao, Huangchungui, Zhouwenzong, Longqiaolin, Chengyongxu

  Abstract: (88) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)是我国重要的经济虾类，目前规格变小和头大螯大尾小导致出肉率低等问题严重制约了产业的健康发展，因此大规格及螯小尾大克氏原螯虾新品系的选育工作极为重要。本文采用单因素方差分析、差异系数检验、主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析、相关性分析、回归分析和通径分析的方法比较分析了安徽宣城、江苏高邮和上海崇明3个克氏原螯虾群体的形态特征差异及其与体重的关系。单因素方差分析和差异系数检验显示，宣城群体拥有相对较短的头胸甲长，3个克氏原螯虾群体的形态差异并未达到亚种水平。主成分分析表明体宽特征（头胸甲宽和第一腹节宽）、头胸甲长特征、腹节长特征和螯长特征对3个群体的形态差异有显著影响。聚类分析表明，崇明和高邮群体欧氏距离最小，亲缘关系最近。体重因子、头胸甲宽特征、头胸甲高特征和螯长特征对判别准确率贡献度较大，对宣城群体判别准确率超过90%。通径分析表明，全长、体长、螯长和螯宽是影响体重的重要形态性状。综上，3个克氏原螯虾群体间具有一定程度的形态差异，可以作为育种基础群体，全长、体长、螯长和螯宽是影响体重的重要形态性状。本研究为大规格及螯小尾大克氏原螯虾育种基础群体的筛选提供数据支持。

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• Effects of dietary seaweed polysaccharides on the growth and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  LI Hongwei, ZHOU Meng, YAO Min, WANG Jianlei, CHEN Feiyang, SUN Miao, DONG Yewei, YOU Cuihong

  Abstract: (92) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨饲料中添加海藻多糖(藻维它913)对鱼类生长和肠道健康的影响，本研究在大口黑鲈商品饲料中分别添加0‰、1‰、2‰、3‰海藻多糖(D0-D3)，同时也设立添加2‰酵母细胞壁组(D4)。用这5组饲料投喂大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）幼鱼8周。结果显示，D2组鱼的增重率、特定生长率最高，显著高于对照组(D0)和D4组(P< 0.05)，其饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；各组鱼在全鱼体成分和前肠消化酶活性上没有显著性差异(P>0.05)；D2和D3组鱼的前肠绒毛完整性好于D0组，D2组的肌层厚度和杯状细胞数量显著高于D0组(P<0.05)；D2和D3组的溶菌酶(LZM)活性、D1和D2组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于D0组(P<0.05)；D2和D3组鱼前肠的zo-1、claudin-1、mucin-2、tlr4、hif、il-10 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)，而D1-D4组的il-1β和il-6和D2组的nf-kb mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。肠道内容物的短链脂肪酸组成显示，D3组的异丁酸含量和D4组的乙酸含量显著高于D0组(P<0.05)。肠道菌群结构中，PCoA分析显示D0、D1、D3组聚在一起，而D2与D4组的相似性高；D2和D4组的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)的丰度显著降低，罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)、范菌属(Pantoea)属的丰度显著升高(P<0.05)；D1组的潜在致病菌含量显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果表明，在饲料中添加2‰海藻多糖，可以提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长性能，改善肠绒毛完整性，提高肠道免疫力和抗氧化能力，改善肠道菌群结构，有益于肠道健康。结合增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数，推荐大口黑鲈幼鱼配合饲料中海藻多糖的适宜添加量分别为1.76‰、1.77‰、1.74‰。

  • 1
• Analysis of Factors Influencing the Habitat Distribution of Albacore Tuna in the South Pacific

  Liu Liweń, Zheng Chunwen, Li Yalin, Zhou Xiang, Wu Feng, Zhu Jiangfeng, zhoucheng

  Abstract: (95) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究基于2020—2022年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)延绳钓渔捞日志数据, 采用地理加权随机森林(geographically weighted random forest, GWRF)模型, 结合Shapley模型可解释(shapley additive explanations, SHAP)技术, 构建了可解释的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地预测模型, 分析了关键环境因子对其分布的影响, 旨在为南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地研究及其可持续管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明在精度、准确率、召回率及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)等关键指标上, 地理加权随机森林模型相较于传统随机森林(random forest, RF)模型提高了5%~10%; 因子重要性分析SHAP贡献度分析表明, 海表温度、海表溶解氧浓度、50 m深度温度及50 m深度溶解氧浓度是影响长鳍金枪鱼栖息地分布的关键环境因子; SHAP解释性分析进一步揭示了适宜的栖息环境特征, 即当海表温度和50 m深度温度处于15~20 ℃, 海表溶解氧浓度及50 m深度溶解氧浓度处于240~260 mmol/m3时, 最适宜长鳍金枪鱼栖息。单一样本的SHAP值分解分析进一步验证了适宜的温度及充足的溶解氧是影响长鳍金枪鱼栖息地选择的关键因素。本研究为深入理解其栖息地的空间分布格局及环境驱动机制提供了新的研究视角。

  • 1
• Diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of larval and juvenile fishes and influence factor in the Yangtze River estuary

  lutianyu, zhaodubin, chenjinhui, liuqiang, wangxiaodong, weiguangen, qiuzhewen, zhongjunsheng, linjun

  Abstract: (116) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究长江禁渔后鱼类早期资源的现状以及潮汐对仔稚鱼分布的影响，于2022年7月—2023年5月，在长江口中华鲟保护区及临近水域设置42个采样点，按季节分别在涨潮和退潮期间，采用大型仔稚鱼网(口径1.3 m、网目0.5 mm)进行表层水平拖网调查。共拖网336网，采集到89644尾仔稚鱼，隶属于20目23科81种，平均密度为0.59 ind./m3。鳀科是最优势科，占全年渔获总量的82.13%。夏季仔稚鱼密度最大，达到1.77 ind./m3；春季次之，为0.45 ind./m3；秋季再次之，为0.12 ind./m3；冬季最低，仅0.002 ind./m3。夏季仔稚鱼密度北支高于南支，保护区内最低；秋季仔稚鱼南支高于保护区，北支最低；除春季外，各季节涨潮时仔稚鱼密度均高于退潮。春季涨潮时仔稚鱼保护区高于南支，北支最低；退潮时北支高于保护区，南支最低。丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H')均为夏季最高，冬季最低，但均匀度指数(J')夏季略低于春季。对水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧进行CCA分析结果表明，盐度在四季节均与仔稚鱼分布相关性较大，其他环境因子仅在个别季节的涨潮或退潮时与仔稚鱼分布相关。

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• Effects of Different Diets on Growth, Hormone Synthesis, and Health Status of Juvenile Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

  WangYuQi, FuPeng, WuJinPing, ZhangChuang, shenli, lengxiaoqian, LiLuoXin, LiuZhiGang, LuoJiang, DuHao

  Abstract: (124) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为研究不同饵料对长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)亚成体生长性能、激素合成及健康状况影响，挑选体重为(8.46±1.64)kg的4~6龄长江鲟亚成体90尾，随机分为5组，分别使用配合饲料、冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干、混合饵料1(配合饲料和冰鲜鱼)和混合饵料2(配合饲料和蚯蚓干)投喂1年。结果显示：(1) 配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和体长增长率(LGR)显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，混合饵料投喂的长江鲟亚成体各项生长指标介于配合饲料组与冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干组之间;(2) 冰鲜鱼、混合饵料1及蚯蚓干投喂的长江鲟亚成体雌鱼血清E2水平显著升高，蚯蚓干组及2个混合饵料组雄鱼血清T水平显著升高，同时冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干及混合饵料投喂显著提升了长江鲟亚成体血清脂质水平(P<0.05)。(3) 配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力与TP、ALB含量显著高于其余组(P<0.05)。(4) 配合饲料及混合饵料2投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，混合饵料1投喂长江鲟亚成体的血清SOD活力显著高于蚯蚓干及混合饵料2投喂。(5) 冰鲜鱼和2个混合饵料投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清C3含量显著高于配合饲料及蚯蚓干投喂(P<0.05)，而配合饲料、蚯蚓干和混合饵料2投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清C4水平较高。结果表明，配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体在生长性能、蛋白质吸收和抗氧化能力上具有优势。冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干及混合饵料投喂在促进性激素合成、脂质吸收及肝脏健康方面优于配合饲料，其中配合饲料与蚯蚓干混合投喂的长江鲟亚成体在激素合成、肝脏健康、抗氧化及免疫方面的综合表现最佳。本研究可为人工养殖长江鲟亚成体的投喂策略提供参考，也可借鉴冰鲜鱼及蚯蚓干的营养组成和长江鲟亚成体的代谢特性，研发长江鲟专用饲料。

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• The role of pyloric caecum in the digestion and absorption of sugars in mandarin fish

  Gaojinhua, 赵亮亮, yaoxiaoli, songyindu, machenxi, zhaojinliang

  Abstract: (111) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)是中国特有的淡水经济鱼类, 幽门盲囊是肉食性鱼类消化道的特有结构, 负责食物蛋白质和脂类的消化吸收, 但幽门盲囊对糖类的消化吸收作用尚不清晰。本研究通过鳜进食实验, 比较研究了餐后0~16 h血糖水平, 幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量、淀粉酶活性与Amy mRNA表达、葡萄糖转运蛋白Sglt1和Glut2 mRNA表达变化。结果表明, 鳜进食后, 幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量、淀粉酶活性、Amy mRNA表达均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势, 在6 h达到峰值, 4~12 h显著高于其他时段; 幽门盲囊中淀粉酶活性、Amy mRNA表达与前肠间无显著差异, 但显著高于中肠。进食后, 血糖水平变化与幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量变化趋势一致。当血糖水平升高时, 鳜Sglt1可能主要起到对葡萄糖的吸收作用, 糖类的转运作用可能主要由Glut2来介导。Sglt1 mRNA在幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中表达峰值均在进食后1 h。幽门盲囊Glut2 mRNA表达量显著高于前肠, 极显著高于中肠, 且在4~12 h表达量显著高于其他时段。综上认为, 鳜幽门盲囊是主要的糖类消化部位之一, 也是主要吸收及转运部位, 进食后4~12 h是糖类消化吸收的旺盛期。

  • 1
• Fish diversity in Laizhou Bay marine ranch based on eDNA Metabarcoding

  wusihang, yanpengjin, anchangting, liang, lijiao, cheshuai, liuchenglei, liushufang

  Abstract: (111) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究采用eDNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding)技术，基于黄渤海鱼类12S rDNA本地数据库，对莱州湾金城海洋牧场的鱼类多样性进行了监测。结果表明：(1) 海洋牧场共检测出鱼类84种。与2009年牧场建设时采用流网、地笼和延绳钓方法在该海域仅获得4种鱼类的本底调查结果相比,本次调查结果凸显了eDNA宏条形码技术在生物多样性监测方面的高灵敏性优势,也为海洋牧场的聚鱼效果提供了有力证据。(2) eDNA检出鱼类与莱州湾鱼类历史记录有41种重叠,占eDNA检出鱼类总数的48.81%,占莱州湾记录种的50.62%,其余43种为黄渤海记录种。影响eDNA调查结果与莱州湾记录种间相关性的主要原因,除了调查方法对目标种的捕获效率不同之外,还与试验海洋牧场的特殊位置、鱼类种群分布的年际变化等因素有关。(3) 从季节差异看,冬季检出种类最多,60种；夏季最少,仅有30种；四季共有鱼类12种。Alpha多样性分析结果表明,研究区域的秋和夏季鱼类多样性高于冬和春季。同时,Beta多样性显示不同季节间的鱼类群落结构差异大于同一季节内不同站位间的差异。(4) 本研究还对比了黄渤海鱼类12S rDNA本地数据库和NCBI数据库物种注释的结果,虽然NCBI数据库的物种覆盖度更高,但本地数据库注释结果的准确性更胜一筹,不但可以排除非目标物种的干扰,还纠正了NCBI数据库对5种鱼类的注释错误。综上,eDNA宏条形码技术不仅克服了传统拖网方法在鱼礁区渔获少、网具易破损等问题,且非入侵性特点避免了对生态环境的破坏,可成为监测海洋牧场鱼类群落动态变化的重要手段。本次调查发现,eDNA还具有监测多种生态类型和生活习性鱼类的技术优势,为莱州湾鱼类多样性保护和管理提供了更全面的基础数据,也为海洋牧场生物资源修复效果评价提供了有力的技术支撑,有助于推动海洋牧场的科学管理和可持续发展。

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• Review of the major safety issues in offshore net cage aquaculture systems

  Huang Xiaohua, Liu Hangfei, Pang Guoliang, LI Gen, Yuan Taiping, Hu Yu, Tao Qiyou

  Abstract: (165) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  近些年以大型网箱为主导的深远海规模化养殖取得显著成效，在建设蓝色粮仓、拓展海洋养殖空间以及发展海洋经济新质生产力等方面发挥着重要作用。然而，深远海养殖生产实践中存在的系统安全问题仍然比较突出，制约了深远海网箱养殖产业的高质量发展。本文立足我国深远海网箱养殖产业发展现状，从养殖生产角度就网箱养殖系统当前面临的结构安全、网衣破损、鱼类监测等主要安全问题进行剖析，详细介绍国内外关于网箱设施安全设计、养殖运营网衣安全、养殖鱼类安全监测等方面的技术研究及应用情况，并从科学选址、设施安全、品种选择、智慧管控、养殖保险等方面，对深远海网箱安全养殖发展提出相关建议。

  • 1
• Cloning, Heterologous Expression and Enzymatic Properties of Leucine Aminopeptidase from Euphausia superba

  Tan jia hao, Zou hua ying, Sheng jun, Wang fang, Chen meng yao, Song jia, xu jia kun

  Abstract: (145) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究旨在从南极磷虾基因转录组中筛选克隆获得一种亮氨酸氨肽酶基因EsLAP,构建重组表达载体EsLAP-pET-28a,并借助分子伴侣在大肠杆菌中实现其可溶性表达。利用三因素三水平响应面法对诱导条件进行优化,并对重组酶酶学性质进行了研究。EsLAP基因全长1569 bp,编码522个氨基酸,理论分子量(MW)为55302.67 Da,等电点(pI)为6.16。序列与结构分析表明,EsLAP具有M17家族肽酶的典型肽酶催化结构域及底物特异性结合位点。EsLAP最佳表达条件为：IPTG浓度0.7 mM、接种量3%、诱导时间19 h。酶学性质分析显示,EsLAP最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH为8.5,其中粗酶酶活为265.6 U/mL,比酶活为33.15 U/mg。金属离子Co2+^和Mn2+^{可显著增强酶活},其中Co2+^{可使酶活提高至原始水平的}296%。EDTA可以显著抑制其酶活,表明EsLAP是金属蛋白酶。β-mercaptoethanol、NaBH4、DTT等强还原剂显著抑制酶活,可以使剩余酶活降低至10%以下。底物特异性研究表明,EsLAP对Leu-pNA的降解效率最好,表明其为亮氨酸氨肽酶。本研究首次报道南极磷虾来源的亮氨酸氨肽酶的克隆表达及酶学特性,相关结果为其在食品与医药工业中用于降解N-端含亮氨酸的功能肽提供了潜在应用基础。

  • 1
• Study of Feeding Strategy and Crucial Morphological Changes of Artemia under Indoor Mass Culture Conditions

  luyulong, wuxinhua, yanxinrong, wanxuerui, dongkaoshuai, mahaoran, gaomeirong, suiliying

  Abstract: (211) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究探究了在室内高密度养殖生产高质量、规格均一卤虫的投喂策略,明确了高密度养殖中卤虫形态发育变化的关键期。首先在10 L锥形养殖桶中,以等鞭金藻为基础饵料,养殖中后期补充颗粒大小为25~30 μm的人工饵料养殖卤虫,设置3.33 g(X-0.5)、6.70 g(X-1)和10.02 g(X-1.5)三个总投喂量,测定不同投喂量下卤虫的生长和水体总氮和无机氮含量变化。结果表明,当投喂量为X-1和X-1.5时,卤虫体长及生物量显著高于X-0.5(P＜0.05)。养殖过程中NO2-^-N、NH4+^-N和TN整体变化趋势保持一致,但NO3-^-N变化趋势存在差异,当投喂量为X-0.5时,NO3-^-N有升高趋势；投喂量为X-1时,NO3-^-N趋势变化平稳；投喂量为X-1.5时,NO3-^-N有下降趋势。总体而言,高氮养殖环境未对卤虫养殖产生不良影响。之后将X-1投喂量应用于1吨水体卤虫养殖13天,明确了养殖过程中的附肢发育期和第二触角退化期两个关键时期,此时卤虫存活率易发生大幅下降。养殖结束后,卤虫存活率为72.3±1.2%,生物量为2230±112.7 g,平均体长为7.24±0.09 mm。人工养殖卤虫的粗蛋白含量为52.28±0.19%干重,粗脂肪含量为17.64±7.01%干重,EPA含量为7.56±1.51 mg/g干重,均高于渤海湾盐田卤虫成虫。综上,卤虫养殖前期使用粒径较小且易消化的单胞藻,中后期适量投喂人工饲料,可实现稳定的卤虫产量,养殖过程中应密切关注关键时期卤虫的密度变化。本研究结果不仅为卤虫室内规模化养殖提供策略指导,而且为实验动物卤虫的科学研究中获得数量稳定的健康卤虫提供方法参考。

  • 1
• The effects of bar spacing and inclination angles of Nordm?re grid on the stability of the trawl cod-end

  maodawen, TANG hao

  Abstract: (96) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  Nordm?re 栅栏是一种广泛用于虾拖网渔业中减少副渔获物的栅型兼捕减少装置。其栅条间距和栅栏倾角不仅影响网囊结构水动力，对网囊系统的稳定性也会产生一定影响。本研究通过动水槽模型试验，探究了栅条间距（15 mm、25 mm、35 mm、45 mm）和栅栏倾角（30°、45°、60°）对网囊系统阻力和形态的影响变化，结果表明：（1）网囊阻力随着栅栏倾角和流速的增大而增大，但随栅条间距的增大而减小。不同装配倾角的网囊平均阻力从大到小依次为，A-60°栅>A-45°栅> A-30°栅>无栅栏。无栅栏网囊的平均阻力分别比A-60°栅、A-45°栅和A-30°小170%、120%和72%；（2）随着栅栏倾角的增大，网囊轮廓形态扩张效果显著，网囊垂直方向的中心点位置偏低。随着流速增大，网囊整体形态呈收缩趋势。栅栏倾角为A-60°时，网囊周长较倾角A-30°和A-45°时分别增大了18%和8%；（3）测试中发现，网囊阻力呈一定程度波动规律，随流速增大，网囊阻力振荡效果越显著；当栅栏倾角为A-30°时，网囊阻力振荡效果最为显著，栅栏倾角为A-45°时，网囊阻力振荡效果较弱；栅栏倾角为A-30°时的阻力平均振幅较A-45°时增大26%；（4）栅条间距对网囊阻力振荡影响并不显著。本研究结果对优化设计栅型兼捕减少装置，提高拖网选择性具有重要意义。

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• Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of different selective breeding generations in Procambarus clarkii using microsatellite markers

  Lin Shiyu, Tao Yang, Chen Nan, Liao Mingcong, Wang Jianghua, Gu Zemao

  Abstract: (172) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了解人工选育对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)选育群体的遗传多样性的影响,研究采用20个微卫星标记比较分析了克氏原螯虾5个连续选育世代(F1-F5)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示：20个微卫星标记在389尾样本中共检测到246个等位基因,每个位点检测到的等位基因为5~22个,平均为12.30个。选育过程中,F1到F5的平均观测杂合度(Ho)从0.539下降至0.433,平均期望杂合度(He)从0.734下降至0.680,平均多态信息含量(PIC)从0.695下降至0.638。尽管选育群体的Ho、He和PIC均有所下降,但依然处于较高水平。F-检验结果显示,基于微卫星标记的选育群体的近交系数(Fis)介于0.106~0.622,平均值为0.304,所有多态性位点均为正值,说明群体中存在一定程度的近交。世代间配对比较的遗传分化指数(Fst)值介于0.010~0.039,说明群体的遗传分化处于低等水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,F1-F5中的遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.16%)。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统发育树结果显示,F1、F2独立聚类为一支,F4与F5先聚类,再与F3聚类为另一支,遗传结构已经发生改变。综上所述,克氏原螯虾经多代人工选择后,选育群体的遗传多样性依然维持在较高水平,具有进一步选育的潜力,今后选育过程中应引入不同来源亲本或增加育种亲本数量,减少近交现象的发生。

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• Evaluation of self and hybrid culture edible rate, quality and toxic heavy metals of male Chinese mitten crab reared in cold regions

  Sujunjie, Wangshihui, Zhangshuqi, Zhaozhigang, Luoliang, Zhangrui, Guokun

  Abstract: (86) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为筛选适宜在寒地养殖的河蟹种质并评价其品质特征，本研究对三种配组河蟹(辽河自交LL、长江自交YY、辽河♀×长江♂杂交LY)扣蟹进行为期5个月的养殖，获得成体雄蟹并比较了可食率、肥满度、色泽、常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、游离氨基酸组成、矿物质元素组成以及有毒重金属元素。结果表明：LY的出肉率MY和总可食率TEY显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；YY和LY头胸甲红度值、肝胰腺亮度值均显著高于LL (P< 0.05)，LY肝胰腺黄度值显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的粗蛋白含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY肝胰腺中∑PUFA、∑EFA、n-3/n-6 PUFA和DHA/EPA高于其余两组； LY性腺系统中脯氨酸Pro含量、肌肉中丙氨酸Ala和脯氨酸Pro含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总苦味氨基酸∑TBV相对较少；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总矿物质元素∑TME显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，LY的铁Fe和锌Zn含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LL、YY和和LY中有毒重金属元素含量远低于食品中污染物限量国家标准。综上所述，虽然LL肝胰腺指数HSI和性腺指数GSI较高，LL在肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂含量和∑EFAA高于其余两组，YY肝胰腺和性腺系统中的灰分含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，但LY在绝大多数大部分指标上更占据优势，表现出更高的营养价值和食用安全性。

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• Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia

  YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming

  Abstract: (446) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。

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• Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng

  Abstract: (2058) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。

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• 1.3 RT-qPCR

  zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei

  Abstract: (878) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。

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• Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles

  WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli

  Abstract: (1080) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。

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• Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay

  Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang

  Abstract: (1361) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。

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• Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis

  Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei

  Abstract: (879) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L^?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8^°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。

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