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WU Yinqi, CHEN Zhangfan, LI Pengfei, CUI Zhongkai, DING Lanqing, CHENG Fangzhou, YAN Xu, CHEN Zebin, CHEN Songlin
2025,32(3):277-285, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0371
Abstract:
Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a unique marine aquaculture fish species known for its high nutritional value and commercial potential. However, half-smooth tongue sole exhibits typical sexual dimorphism, characterized by substantially faster growth rates in females than in males, resulting in female adults being two to four times heavier than male adults. Previous studies have successfully obtained dmrt1–/– ZZ from male half-smooth tongue sole using TALEN genome editing technology targeting dmrt1 gene. The growth rate of dmrt1–/– ZZ males exceeds twice that of normal male fish, with weights comparable to normal female fish. This successfully addresses the issue of stunted growth in the male half-smooth tongue sole and lays the foundation for the establishment of gene editing breeding techniques for this species. Reports on the impact of transgenic organisms on the surrounding environment have raised marked concerns regarding the environmental safety of genetically-modified organisms. A pressing question is whether the edited genes could affect the environment through gut microbiota or other behavior during the rearing process. Compared to transgenic technology, gene editing has the advantage of not involving exogenous genes. Several studies on the gut microbiota of gene-edited animals have shown that no marked changes in gut microbiota composition were observed in animals after gene editing. To assess the health status and environmental safety of the gene-edited half-smooth tongue sole, this study investigated the changes in gut microbiota of the dmrt1 homozygous mutant male fish. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the gut microbiota between dmrt1–/– ZZ males and normal male and female fish kept under the same aquaculture conditions. Environmental safety risks were assessed by testing the genotypes of normal fish cohabiting with dmrt1–/– ZZ males, as well as the eDNA from the water environment where they were raised. There were no marked differences in alpha diversity and composition of the gut microbiota between dmrt1–/– ZZ male and normal male and female fish, and no differences were observed in the predicted functions of the gut microbiota. The differences in gut microbiota may influence growth variations. The gut microbiota composition of dmrt1 homozygous mutant male fish was similar to that of female fish, suggesting that certain microbial populations may be involved in regulating growth rates, which could play a role in enhancing the growth rate of dmrt1–/– ZZ males. No edited genes were detected in the normal individuals cohabiting with the dmrt1–/– Z males. Water samples taken from five sampling points along the drainage path of the aquaculture environment of the dmrt1–/– ZZ males were amplified and sequenced indicating no presence of the edited target gene. In conclusion, dmrt1 gene editing does not lead to marked changes in the gut microbiota of dmrt1–/– ZZ male half-smooth tongue sole and does not affect other individuals reared in the same environment, indicating no environmental risks. This study provides a reference for safety assessment methods of gene-edited aquatic animals.
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Xia Hu, Ding Cheng, Liu Liangguo, YANG Xinyue, BU Jianchao, Chen Fuyan, XIANG Guangqing, HUANG Jiezhen, YANG Pinhong
2025,32(3):286-298, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0319
Abstract:
Polymeric immurnoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is an important fish mucosal immune factor, which plays a key role in mediating the secretion and transport of polyimmunoglobulin into the mucus of mucosal immune tissue. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of Aristichthys nobilis pIgR gene was cloned using PCR and RACE technology. The full-length cDNA sequence of Aristichthys nobilis pIgR gene was 1885 bp, and its open reading frame (ORF) was 1008 bp, encoding 336 amino acids. Aristichthys nobilis pIgR had a signal peptide sequence, followed by the extracellular region, transmembrane region, and intracellular region. The extracellular region included two immunoglobulin-like domains (ILD), and its tertiary structure was twisted “L”. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the NJ method. The results showed that the pIgR gene of Aristichthys nobilis was clustered with the pIgR of cypriniformes. The expression level of the pIgR gene in different tissues of Aristichthys nobilis was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The highest expression level of pIgR gene was found in the liver, followed by the spleen, intestine, head kidney, gill, and skin. A low expression level was found in the middle kidney, heart, and brain, and the lowest expression level was found in the muscle. Aristichthys nobilis was infected with Aeromonas hydrophila at 5 d. The pathological changes in immune-related tissues with a high expression level of the pIgR gene were observed using tissue sections and HE staining. It was found that the intestinal villus mucous cells increased, the width of the intestinal villi widened, and the intestinal wall thickened, showing prominent symptoms of intestinal inflammation. Many inflammatory cells appeared in the head kidney and spleen, and many vacuolar cells were observed in the spleen. The width of the hepatic sinuses increased. The gill filament was deformed and shortened, and the gill cell withered. The expression level of Aristichthys nobilis pIgR gene in the gill, intestine, spleen, liver, and head kidney increased first and then decreased within 28 d after being infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. The relative expression of pIgR gene reached the peak at 5 d in the intestine and gill, and reached the maximum at 7 d in the head kidney and 14 d in the spleen and liver after infection, respectively. The relative expression level of the pIgR gene at the peak in the intestine (18.63 fold) and gill (16.53 fold) of Aristichthys nobilis was higher than that in the head kidney (9.38 fold), spleen (15.98 fold), and liver (12.28 fold). The experimental results showed that Aeromonas hydrophila infection not only caused immune-related tissue lesions and triggered the inflammation responses but also affected the respiratory system and digestive system of Aristichthys nobilis. pIgR may play a key role in the mucosal immune system of Aristichthys nobilis against bacterial infection.
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DENG Xiang, ZOU Cong, SHEN Fan, QIAO Haofeng, CHEN Yupei, HU Chenhao, BIE Hanqing, FAN Qixue, SHEN Zhigang
2025,32(3):299-311, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0389
Abstract:
This study investigated the annual changes in ovary development in hooksnout carp and methods to improve artificial breeding and promote its rapid commercialization. The annual range in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in female hooksnout carp in Hubei Province was 1.16%–11.65%. The spawning period was from mid-April to mid-July, and the average absolute fecundity of the female before spawning was 6165.4 eggs. In autumn, when the water temperature gradually decreased (September to October), the GSI of the ovaries gradually decreased, and the ovaries degenerated to phase III and entered hibernation. In February of the following year, GSI of the carp was relatively low (1.16%–1.65%), and the proportion of phase III oocytes in the ovary increased after a further decrease in water temperature to ＜8.0 ℃ in February. In the scaled-up artificial breeding experiment, the combination of luteinizing releasing hormone (LRH-A2; 5 μg/kg) and human chorionic gonadotropin hCG (1000 IU/kg) had the best induction effect of 87.0%. A 0.3% NaCl solution was the best fertilization medium, with an optimal sperm-to-egg ratio of 5.0×104 –1.0×105 : 1, which produced average fertilization and hatching rates of 66.6% and 80.1%, respectively. The induction time was 20.0–26.0 h before May 15, 16.0–17.0 h after May 15, with accumulated temperature of 400.00–430.00 ℃·h. The hatching time was 69.0–90.0 h in water of 20.0– 25.0 ℃, and 42.5–48.0 h in water ＞26.0 ℃, with a hatching accumulated temperature of 1200.00–1300.00 ℃·h. This study also successfully conducted second-induced spawning of hooksnout carp broodstock in the same year and found that the spawning effect of the second breeding was not substantially different from that of the first. This study achieved scaled-up artificial breeding of hooksnout carp, laying an important foundation for the genetic improvement and commercialization of hooksnout carp.
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LIAO Yongshan, WU Xuhui, TAO Chuangui, WANG Yabing, DENG Yuewen, WANG Qingheng
2025,32(3):312-320, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0280
Abstract:
To evaluate the advantages of nucleus implantation in spring and autumn and their relationship with key environmental factors, production indicators and marine environmental factors across four production cycles from April 2020 to July 2022 were analyzed. Spring (S) and autumn (F) nucleus implantation groups were established, with implantation conducted in April 2020 (S20), April 2021 (S21), October 2020 (F20), and October 2021 (F21). The monthly survival rates of the cultured pearl oysters were monitored, and key environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were measured. Pearls were harvested after 9 m of cultivation, and production indicators, including the retention rate, high-quality pearl rate, and pearl layer thickness, were recorded. Water temperature fluctuated seasonally from 17.23–33.23 ℃. The S groups (S20 and S21) and F groups (F20 and F21) experienced temperatures above or near 30 ℃ for five and two months, respectively. Dissolved oxygen levels varied from 4.44–8.08 mg/L with seasonal changes. Except for October, when salinity was relatively low, salinity remained stable between 30‰–35‰ in other months. The pH was stable and fluctuated between 8.05 and 8.28. The water transparency was 80–200 cm and was generally lower in summer and autumn and higher in winter and spring. At the end of the cultivation period, the survival rates were the highest in F21, followed by F20, S21, and S20, with the group F being better than the group S (P＜0.05). In the group S, water temperature showed a strong negative correlation with stage-specific survival rates (P＜0.05), whereas no correlations were found between survival rates and other environmental factors (P＞0.05). In group F, no correlation was observed between the environmental factors and survival rates (P＞0.05). The retention, commercial pearl, and high-quality pearl rates among the groups were similar (P＞0.05), but the pearl layer thickness in the group S was greater than that in the group F (P＜0.05), with an increase of approximately 20%. Nucleus implantation in autumn substantially improved the survival rate of the transplanted pearl oysters and increased pearl production, whereas the pearls produced by nucleus implantation in spring were of a better quality. In group S, the elevated mortality rate during summer was primarily attributed to high temperatures. This study provides valuable data and theoretical insights for healthy cultivation of seawater pearls.
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LI Jiawei, LIN Penghong, XU Yongjian
2025,32(3):321-332, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0318
Abstract:
To explore the differences in circadian behavioral rhythms and the changing regularity of different fish species, and improve artificial culture technology, we analyzed and compared the circadian behavioral rhythms of Hippocampus kuda and Oryzias melastigma under the artificial culture conditions detailed in this paper. The results showed that under the conditions of light intensity of 2000 lx, temperature of 25±1 ℃, salinity of 25±0.5, and photoperiod of 14L : 10D, the behavioral rhythms of H. kuda and O. melastigma during the daytime are stronger than in the nighttime. H. kuda showed the strongest rhythm and the most abundant behavioral component between 08:00 and 10:00. The macroscopic behavior components included active behaviors (swimming 47.40±1.1%, crawling 3.0±0.6%, moving 4.80±0.7%), and inactive behaviors (swing 32.50±2.1%, resting 12.30±0.8%). The microcosmic behavior components included gill operculum movement 38.77±1.14 times/min, jaws movement 38.77±1.14 times/min, and eyeball rotation 108.50±5.52 r/min, dorsal fin movement 116.87±0.64 times/min and pectoral fin movement 67.81±2.27 times/min. The sub-strongest rhythmic period was 12:00–14:00, and the rhythmic behaviors were dominated by swinging with a percentage of 59.20±5.1%. O. melastigma also had the strongest activity between 08:00 and 10:00, in which the percentage of swimming amounted to 88.0±1.1%; the frequency of gill operculum movement was 407.88±3.8 times/min, jaw movement 407.88±3.8 times/min, eyeball rotation 7.38±0.9 r/min, dorsal fin movement 373.17±2.5 times/min, pectoral fin movement 400.83±6.8 times/min, and tail movement 416.58±7.7 times/min. Therefore, both H. kuda and O. melastigma have strong circadian behavioral rhythms, and the period of 8:00–10:00 is their peak period of behavioral activity, which is the strongest rhythm and the most abundant behavioral components. Therefore, the period of 08:00–10:00 can be selected as a suitable observation time for related behavioral studies.
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ZOU Wansheng, MO Ping, SHI Pengling, WANG Zhi, LUO Yushuang
2025,32(3):333-348, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0335
Abstract:
The recruitment of dormant Microcystis aeruginosa (DMCs) is an important phase in the formation of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in aquaculture ponds. When subjected to external environmental stress, such as low temperature, low light, exogenous allelopathic substances, nutrient deficiency, Microcystis aeruginosa cells form DMCs due to damage to the photosynthetic system, phycobilisomes, ribosomes, and other organelles. These DMCs sink to the surface of the sediment to avoid environmental stress. The DMCs are used as seed sources to restart and recruit (repair damaged organelles) once conditions improve. They enter the overlying water, waiting for another outbreak of algal blooms. A higher recruitment rate of DMCs can significantly enhance the interspecific competitiveness of Microcystis aeruginosa, making it prone to population outbreaks and the formation of algal blooms, and vice versa. Therefore, inhibiting the recruitment of DMCs is an effective method for proactively preventing and controlling the outbreak of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in aquaculture ponds. In order to investigate the effect and mechanism of Pseudomonas lactis BJ-1, an intestinal bacterial strain of Aristichthys nobilis, on the recruitment of resting DMCs in vitro, BJ-1 bacteria were mixed with DMCs and embedded into pond sediment to construct low-concentration bacterial groups (G1), higher-concentration bacterial groups (G2), and high-concentration bacterial groups (G3). The sterile group was used as a control. The recruitment experiment was conducted for 21 days at a water temperature of 25 ℃, light intensity of 15 μmol·m–2s –1, and light-dark cycle ratio of 12 h∶12 h. Mechanism and field verification experiments were performed based on the experimental results. The experimental results showed that the strain BJ-1 continued to proliferate from the beginning of the experiment to the 6th day. After the 6th day, the bacterial concentrations of the low-concentration bacterial group G1, the higher-concentration bacterial group G2, and the high-concentration bacterial group G3 were maintained at (0.99±0.23)×107 cfu·g–1, (3.40±0.27)×107 cfu·g–1, and (5.21±0.39)×107 cfu·g–1, respectively. DMCs began to recruit from the 6th day, and compared with the control group, the content of capsular extracellular polysaccharides (CPSs) in DMCs in G2 and G3 groups decreased significantly, and the photosynthetic efficiency and recruitment rate of DMCs significantly decreased (P＜0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the G1 group and the control group (P＞0.05). At the same time, the experiment found that strain BJ-1 can secrete the metabolite 3-benzylpiperazin-2,5-dione, and its concentration shows a positive linear relationship with BJ-1 bacterial concentration (R2 =0.997). The minimum effective concentration of metabolite 3-benzylpiperazin2,5-dione to inhibit the recruitment of DMCs was 0.8 μg·L–1. The concentrations of 3-benzyl piperazine-2,5-dione in group G2 and group G3 were (0.95±0.24) and (1.41±0.19) μg·L–1, respectively. At these concentrations, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of DMCs increased significantly (P＜0.05), and the photosynthetic efficiency and recruitment rate of DMCs decreased significantly (P＜0.05). An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that DMCs encoding photosynthetic genes (psbD1), DNA repair genes (recA), and carbon fixation (ntcA and rbcL) functional genes were significantly down-regulated under higher bacterial concentrations (G2 group), confirming at the molecular level that bacteria BJ-1 can inhibit the photosynthetic efficiency of DMCs. Validation experiments showed that strain BJ-1 can effectively reduce the recruitment rate of DMCs in outdoor pond environments. The experimental results showed that BJ-1 bacteria in the gut of Aristichthys nobilis at higher concentrations (≥3.40×107 cfu·g–1) can inhibit the photosynthetic efficiency of DMCs in vitro by reducing the CPSs content of DMCs and secreting the metabolite 3-benzylpiperazin-2,5-dione, ultimately hindering the recruitment of DMCs. The experimental results provide new evidence for “controlling algae with Aristichthys nobilis” and also provide new ideas for preventing and controlling Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in aquaculture ponds.
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LIU Weichen, XUE Ying, ZHANG Chongliang, JI Yupeng, REN Yiping, XU Binduo
2025,32(3):349-361, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0301
Abstract:
Species coexistence is one of the core issues in community ecology, and exploring the coexistence patterns of community species can help with better understanding the ecological processes that affect community assembly. In the context of frequent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, the changes in species coexistence patterns of fish communities and their responses to ENSO events in the bay remain largely unknown. Changes in species co-occurrence patterns within fish communities over the past decade and their relationships with the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) were examined using null model analysis based on the data collected from the fish resources survey in the spring and autumn in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters from 2013 to 2022. The results showed that the fish communities in the Haizhou Bay generally showed a nonrandom species co-occurrence pattern from 2013 to 2022, and exhibited an aggregation co-occurrence pattern in most years, with the aggregation pattern more pronounced in autumn than in spring. The species co-occurrence pattern of fish communities was influenced by important species pairs, and the important species pairs varied in different years. In most cases, dominant species such as Enedrias fangi and Hexagrammos otakii formed an aggregated coexistence pattern with other fish species, while fish species such as flatfish and Callionymus formed a segregated coexistence pattern with other fish species in most cases. The species co-occurrence pattern of fish communities was influenced by the selection of C-score and V-ratio indicators in the null model analysis. The fish communities were almost always in an aggregated co-occurrence pattern at ENSO neutral conditions. However, the species co-occurrence pattern mostly shifted from an aggregated pattern to a random pattern when ENSO events occurred, and there was a certain correlation between the fluctuation trend of ONI and species co-occurrence pattern of the fish communities.
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QIU Jingyuan, LYU Ding, HU Yulong, WANG Weiji, LYU Guanzheng, SHAN Xiujuan
2025,32(3):362-371, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0317
Abstract:
This study used microsatellite molecular markers and mitochondrial COI gene sequence information to investigate the effects of stock enhancement on Fenneropenaeus chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula, assessing the ecological contribution of the released F. chinensis. This species is an important economic shrimp species in China's Bohai and Yellow Sea regions, playing a key role in fishing and marine aquaculture. However, due to issues such as overfishing, disease, and environmental pollution, there has been a substantial decline in resources since the 1980s. To restore the dwindling resources of F. chinensis, China took the lead in conducting stock enhancement activities in the Bohai Sea. After nearly 40 years of continuous release, F. chinensis resources in the Bohai and Yellow Seas have been restored to some extent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula using SSR (simple sequence repeats) and mitochondrial COI molecular marker technology. The experimental sample collection was divided into three stages. In the first stage, in May 2023, 404 parental F. chinensis were collected from Haiyang Yellow Sea Aquatic Products Co., Ltd. in the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula after the completion of production of released seedings. In the second stage, during the autumn fishing season of F. chinensis in September 2023, a total of 461 individual F. chinensis were recaptured in the sea areas of Huangdao, Haiyang, and Laoshan. In the third stage, from March to April 2024, 110 and 399 migrating individuals of P. chinensis were collected in the Laoshan and Rizhao sea areas, respectively. All the samples were frozen and transported to the laboratory for storage. Genomic DNA was extracted using the conventional phenol-chloroform isoamyl alcohol method, and DNA quality was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. The experiment used parent–offspring tracing methods based on microsatellite molecular markers and mitochondrial COI gene sequence information to evaluate the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula. Eight polymorphism-rich microsatellite loci were used for PCR amplification and genotyping, combined with mitochondrial COI gene sequence analysis. Gene Mapper software was used to read allele data, and Cervus software was used for statistical analysis to determine potential parent-offspring pairs. The parentage relationship between released individuals and recaptured individuals was further verified using partial mtDNA sequence haplotypes. The results showed that 350 alleles were detected at eight SSR loci, with the number of alleles detected per locus ranging from 7 to 80, and the average number of alleles was 31.8. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.606 to 0.896, the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.619 to 0.972, and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.856. A total of five SNP polymorphic sites and seven haplotypes were detected in the COI sequence, with Hap01 accounting for 80% as the main type. The haplotype diversity was 0.065, and the nucleotide diversity value was 0.00033. A total of 121 individuals from stock enhancement were monitored in the recaptured samples from the autumn fishing season of 2023 and the migratory recapture samples of 2024. Further verification with mitochondrial COI gene sequences excluded nine unfit individuals. Among 970 recaptured individuals, 112 individuals from stock enhancement were detected, including 56 individuals from stock enhancement out of 461 individuals recaptured during the autumn fishing season of 2023, accounting for 12.4% of the total recaptured individuals. 56 individuals from stock enhancement were detected in the migratory recapture samples of 2024, accounting for 9.2% of the total recaptured individuals. Microsatellite markers showed high levels of genetic diversity, while mitochondrial DNA detected lower haplotype diversity. This is mainly because nuclear genes have higher levels of genetic variation. In the traceability analysis of stock-enhanced F. chinensis, SSR markers provided sufficient individual identification capabilities. However, the lower the number of bases in the repeat unit, the higher the level of simple sequence repeat variation. But dinucleotide repeats can produce rich variability while often causing deviations in allele reading results due to base mismatches and slippages during PCR, which affects the accuracy of parent–offspring tracing results. Therefore, it is necessary to combine it with mitochondrial COI gene sequences that strictly follow maternal inheritance for re-verification to ensure the accuracy of allele reading and correction. This study provides a detailed assessment of the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea located on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula. This indicates that the enhancement of F. chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula had a significant contribution to the biomass of autumn in the current year and the resources of reproductive migration in the following year. Evaluating the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea is not only of considerable importance for the conservation of F. chinensis resources but also makes an important contribution to the local marine ecosystem. This study can provide a scientific reference for the stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.
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WANG Yuyan, Liu Yixuan, WANG Wanliang, CAO Pengxi
2025,32(3):372-386, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0322
Abstract:
Schizothorax macropogon is a second-grade protected animal with high ecological and economic value. Currently, most of the related research has focused on resource investigation, individual biology, and population genetics. However, to date, there have been relatively few studies on gut microorganisms. In this study, we extracted the intestinal contents of S. macropogon with saprolegniasis and healthy states, respectively. We analyzed the number of OTUs, colony composition, abundance, and Alpha diversity of intestinal microorganisms, and predicted their functions by high-throughput sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the richness and diversity of the gut microbial community in the healthy group was higher than that in the sick group. PCoA analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the gut microbes in the healthy and sick group of S. macropogon. The histogram of species distribution showed that the gut microorganisms in the healthy group and sick group of S. macropogon were similar in the composition of community structure but differed in relative abundance. Bacteria acquired a total of seven dominant phyla, including Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteriota. The endemic genera in the diseased group were Bacteroides, and Proteocatella. Five dominant phyla of fungus were obtained, including Ascomycota, Basidobolomycota, and Rozellomycota. The endemic genus in the healthy group was Cererhiza, and the endemic genera in the sick group were Boeremia and Tausonia The discriminant plot statistics showed that the healthy group had the highest number of fungi in the healthy group. The discriminant plot showed that there were 38 bacterial marker species and 45 fungal marker species between the healthy group and sick group in the gut of S. macropogon. The co-occurrence network of microorganisms in the intestine of S. macropogon had high connectivity and coherence. According to the functional prediction analysis, there was a significant difference in the functional flora of intestinal bacteria between the healthy group and the sick group (P＜0.05). The relative abundance of the healthy group was higher than that of the sick group. The present study revealed the community composition and diversity of the gut microorganisms of S. macropogon, preliminarily analyzed the relationship between the health status of S. macropogon, and its gut microorganisms, and provided a database for the study of the intestinal flora of endemic fishes in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau.
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YANG Yanping, WANG Sheng, XUAN Zhongya, MA Fengjiao, PENG Legen, WEN Sixin, SHEN Yingdong, LIU Kai
2025,32(3):387-395, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0329
Abstract:
To research the timing of the breeding population and juveniles of Coilia nasus into or out of the Poyang Lake in the early period of the fishing ban, support the conservation of the resources and identification of the habitat of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake, a fixed station was set up in the Hukou region during its fishing season from April to October in 2023. The resource dynamics of the breeding population in the lake and juveniles out of the lake were tracked and monitored. Both the timing and the environmental impact factors were then analyzed. In terms of the breeding population in the lake, the range of quantity caught per unit from April to July was 19~971 ind./(1000 m2 ·h), with an average of (294±201) ind./(1000 m2 ·h). Correspondingly, the range of weight caught per unit was 0.83~84.25 kg/(1000 m2 ·h), with an average of (25.92±18.10) kg/(1000 m2 ·h). The range of body length was 150.6~382.1 mm, with an average of (298.2±29.1) mm. The range of body weight was 10.6~238.1 g, with an average of (89.9±29.8) g. The ratio of male to female was 2.2 : 1, and the proportion of gonadal development from Stage I to V was in the order of 0.09%, 46.01%, 38.00%, 13.84%, and 2.06%. The results showed that May was the peak period for the breeding population moving into the lake. The mean values of quantity and weight caught per unit were (514±168) ind./(1000 m2 ·h) and (47.04±16.08) kg/(1000 m2 h), respectively. These were significantly higher than those of other months (P＜0.01). The body length and body weight decreased significantly along with the migration during the fishing season (P＜0.01). The maximum of the average body length occurred in May (301.5±26.4) mm, and the minimum was recorded in July (292.2±30.6) mm. For body weight, the maximum and minimum were in April (98.5±34.0) g and July (82.0±25.2) g, respectively. In the same period, the proportion of females continued to increase, and males decreased. For gonadal development, the proportion of individuals for Stage II decreased from 81.14% in April to 22.22% in July and increased from 18.77% in April to 77.78% in July for Stage III. In terms of the population moving out of the lake, the range of quantity caught per unit was 11~8571 ind./(1000 m2 ·h) from July to October, with an average of (1316± 1908) ind./(1000 m2 ·h). Timing showed that the peak period was in July and September, and the mean value of quantity caught per unit in July was (2845±2940) ind./(1000 m2 ·h), followed by September (1769± 1862) ind./(1000 m2 ·h)). Meanwhile, the minimum of the average quantity caught per unit was (285±327) ind./(1000 m2 ·h) in October. Environmental factors analysis showed that the quantity caught per unit for the juvenile population out of Poyang Lake was consistent with the trend of water level difference. The results show that the fishing season of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake was advanced, and the duration was prolonged. Furthermore, the miniaturization of the population improved, and the resource recovery was substantial.
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LI Xiaoran, CUI Yong, GUAN Changtao, WANG Gang, WU Jintao, GUO Yinuo
2025,32(3):396-408, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0246
Abstract:
In this study, a composite cage that integrates many modules, such as a steel frame structure, dive system, energy, and monitoring system, is proposed. It is necessary to conduct hydrodynamic numerical simulation tests to understand the capability to resist waves and currents and ensure the long-term safe and coordinated operation of each system. First, the wave force acting on the cage is calculated based on the potential flow theory. Then, using the motion equation to solve the dynamic response of the cage, a numerical model is constructed to study the potential of the cage under extreme sea conditions. The results indicate that: The dynamic response of the cage in the floating and submerged states is significantly correlated with the wave parameters. The tension of the anchor rope on the upstream side is always greater than that on the downstream side, and the anchor rope tension is positively correlated with the wave height and period in both states. The heave, surge, and pitch are all positively correlated with wave height in both states; it is positively correlated with the period when floating, but has no obvious correlation with the period when sinking. Surge is positively correlated with the period in both states, whereas the pitch is negatively correlated with the period when floating and positively correlated with it period when sinking. The dynamic responses of the cage in the floating and submerged states were significantly correlated with the current velocity. The tension of the anchor rope increases with the increase in flow speed in both states. When the cage is in the floating state, the pitch is positively correlated with the flow speed, the heave is negatively correlated with the flow speed, and there is no obvious correlation between the pitch and the flow speed. The overall variation amplitude of the surge and pitch is between −13% and 20%, and the average variation amplitude does not exceed 7%. When the cage is in the floating state, the maximum heave, surge, and pitch values were 0.549 m, 1.055 m, and 7.116°, respectively. After the cage was submerged, the anchor rope tension, heave, surge, and pitch decreased. The amplitudes were 59%, 70%, 57%, and 49%, respectively, indicating that the cage has a good capability to resist waves and currents. These results have practical significance for improving the safety and efficiency of submersible cage work.
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SUN Pengqi, HU Jiazhen, HUANG Xiaohua, SUN Jialong, LI Gen, TAO Qiyou, YUAN Taiping, PANG Guoliang, HU Yu
2025,32(3):409-419, DOI: 10.12264/JFC2024-0352
Abstract:
To address the issues of low efficiency and insufficient accuracy in monitoring fish populations in aquaculture, this study proposes a real-time fish monitoring method based on an omnidirectional scanning sonar and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model using tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) as the research object. The proposed method used an omnidirectional scanning sonar to collect underwater fish shoal image data. By using the YOLOv8 algorithm combined with real-time monitoring, the proposed method achieved target recognition and analysis. Euclidean distance-based spatial analysis algorithms were used to merge and exclude anomalous data points to obtain the number and spatial distribution of fish schools. Experiments were conducted to evaluate fish schools of varying sizes (50, 100, 150, and 200 individuals) and achieved monitoring accuracies of 93.5, 94.5, 89.6, and 85.8%, respectively, with an average accuracy of 90.9%. This method substantially enhanced the real-time monitoring and accuracy of fish school population assessments. This provides an efficient solution for monitoring fish schools in aquaculture towards optimizing aquaculture management, improving production efficiency, and promoting the sustainable development of ecological aquaculture.
Volume 32,2025 Issue 3
研究论文
渔业资源与环境专栏
深远海养殖专栏
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of mitochondrial fission related genes in Macrobrachium nipponensein response to carbonate alkalinity stress
LV Zhimin, LIU Jiaqi, WU Yijie, JIN Yiting, SUN Shengming
Abstract:
为探究日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)线粒体分裂相关基因MTFP1 (Mitochondrial fission process 1)与FIS1 (Mitochondrial fission protein 1)在碳酸盐碱度胁迫下分子应答机制，采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术，克隆了日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1基因cDNA全长序列，采用半定量 RT-PCR 与实时荧光定量 PCR分析目的基因在日本沼虾不同组织与不同碱度胁迫阶段的表达情况，采用免疫荧光技术分析了碳酸盐碱度胁迫下MTFP1与FIS1的表达与定位，利用透射电镜观察高碳酸盐碱度胁迫下，日本沼虾鳃与肝胰腺组织中线粒体结构损伤。结果显示，日本沼虾MTFP1基因cDNA全长1101bp，包括33 bp的5′非编码区、588 bp的3?非编码区和480 bp开放阅读框，编码159个氨基酸，包含一个MTP18超家族结构域；日本沼虾FIS1基因cDNA全长为1933bp，包括148 bp的5′非编码区、1324 bp的3?非编码区和480 bp开放阅读框，编码150个氨基酸，包含一个FIS1超家族结构域。氨基酸序列比对与系统进化树分析结果显示，日本沼虾MTFP1和FIS1氨基酸序列分别与其他甲壳动物的MTFP1和FIS1有着较近的进化关系。RT-PCR结果表明日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1基因在8个组织中均有表达，其中在鳃、肝胰腺和性腺中表达量较高。在急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫96 h过程中，日本沼虾鳃和肝胰腺组织MTFP1与FIS1基因表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。构建MTFP1与FIS1基因原核表达系统并制备多克隆抗体，免疫荧光结果显示急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫后，日本沼虾鳃和肝胰腺组织中MTFP1与FIS1蛋白表达阳性信号均明显增加。透射电镜观察结果显示急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫96 h后，日本沼虾鳃与肝胰腺组织中线粒体结构异常。研究表明，急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫显著提高日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1转录表达水平。本研究为揭示线粒体分裂相关基因在虾类中的分子特征及其对高碳酸盐碱度胁迫的响应机制提供了基础数据。
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Comparison of morphological traits and path analysis of three populations of Procambarus clarkii
Xuguangwei, Liujiaqing, sunyunfei, Liyao, Huangchungui, Zhouwenzong, Longqiaolin, Chengyongxu
Abstract:
克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)是我国重要的经济虾类，目前规格变小和头大螯大尾小导致出肉率低等问题严重制约了产业的健康发展，因此大规格及螯小尾大克氏原螯虾新品系的选育工作极为重要。本文采用单因素方差分析、差异系数检验、主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析、相关性分析、回归分析和通径分析的方法比较分析了安徽宣城、江苏高邮和上海崇明3个克氏原螯虾群体的形态特征差异及其与体重的关系。单因素方差分析和差异系数检验显示，宣城群体拥有相对较短的头胸甲长，3个克氏原螯虾群体的形态差异并未达到亚种水平。主成分分析表明体宽特征（头胸甲宽和第一腹节宽）、头胸甲长特征、腹节长特征和螯长特征对3个群体的形态差异有显著影响。聚类分析表明，崇明和高邮群体欧氏距离最小，亲缘关系最近。体重因子、头胸甲宽特征、头胸甲高特征和螯长特征对判别准确率贡献度较大，对宣城群体判别准确率超过90%。通径分析表明，全长、体长、螯长和螯宽是影响体重的重要形态性状。综上，3个克氏原螯虾群体间具有一定程度的形态差异，可以作为育种基础群体，全长、体长、螯长和螯宽是影响体重的重要形态性状。本研究为大规格及螯小尾大克氏原螯虾育种基础群体的筛选提供数据支持。
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Effects of dietary seaweed polysaccharides on the growth and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
LI Hongwei, ZHOU Meng, YAO Min, WANG Jianlei, CHEN Feiyang, SUN Miao, DONG Yewei, YOU Cuihong
Abstract:
为探讨饲料中添加海藻多糖(藻维它913)对鱼类生长和肠道健康的影响，本研究在大口黑鲈商品饲料中分别添加0‰、1‰、2‰、3‰海藻多糖(D0-D3)，同时也设立添加2‰酵母细胞壁组(D4)。用这5组饲料投喂大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）幼鱼8周。结果显示，D2组鱼的增重率、特定生长率最高，显著高于对照组(D0)和D4组(P< 0.05)，其饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；各组鱼在全鱼体成分和前肠消化酶活性上没有显著性差异(P>0.05)；D2和D3组鱼的前肠绒毛完整性好于D0组，D2组的肌层厚度和杯状细胞数量显著高于D0组(P<0.05)；D2和D3组的溶菌酶(LZM)活性、D1和D2组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于D0组(P<0.05)；D2和D3组鱼前肠的zo-1、claudin-1、mucin-2、tlr4、hif、il-10 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)，而D1-D4组的il-1β和il-6和D2组的nf-kb mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。肠道内容物的短链脂肪酸组成显示，D3组的异丁酸含量和D4组的乙酸含量显著高于D0组(P<0.05)。肠道菌群结构中，PCoA分析显示D0、D1、D3组聚在一起，而D2与D4组的相似性高；D2和D4组的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)的丰度显著降低，罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)、范菌属(Pantoea)属的丰度显著升高(P<0.05)；D1组的潜在致病菌含量显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果表明，在饲料中添加2‰海藻多糖，可以提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长性能，改善肠绒毛完整性，提高肠道免疫力和抗氧化能力，改善肠道菌群结构，有益于肠道健康。结合增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数，推荐大口黑鲈幼鱼配合饲料中海藻多糖的适宜添加量分别为1.76‰、1.77‰、1.74‰。
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Assessment of potential ecological effects of biomanipulation strategies in small water bodies based on EwE model: A case study of Dishui Lake in Shanghai Lingang
Ye Leixu, Zhang wei, Li Yunkai
Abstract:
本研究基于Ecopath with Ecosim（EwE）模型，以上海滴水湖为典型城市小水体案例，基于2023—2024年生态调查数据，结合稳定同位素技术校正食物矩阵，构建Ecopath模型定量评估生态系统现状与鲢鳙生态容纳量，并基于Ecosim模拟不同生物操纵策略对生态系统的影响。结果表明，滴水湖的系统总流量为3376.93 t/(km2·a)，总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值为1.59，连接指数和杂食性指数分别为0.29、0.09，表明该生态系统仍处于不成熟阶段。模型估算的营养级与稳定同位素测定结果呈显著正相关（R2 = 0.88，p < 0.01），说明食物矩阵较为准确，模型具有较高的可信度。鲢鳙生态容纳量为22.01 t/km2，现存生物量为16.49 t/km2，仍有一定的增殖空间。Ecosim模拟结果表明，鲢鳙捕捞死亡率上升会间接影响顶级捕食者生物量，而鲢鳙生物量达到生态容纳量后，对浮游植物和浮游动物影响显著，且当前鳙鱼比例偏高，不利于藻类控制。因此，未来放流中应逐步增加鲢鳙生物量，优化鲢鳙放流比例，并补充鲤、鲫等中低营养级鱼类，提高营养级间的能量流动和转化，增强渔业生态系统的复杂性和稳定性。本研究可为滴水湖及类似小水体的放流策略优化提供重要依据。
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Trophic niches of six dominant coral reef fishes in Qilianyu Islands, Xisha Islands
gong yuyan, zhang jun, chen zuozhi, yang yutao
Abstract:
为探究西沙群岛七连屿优势珊瑚礁鱼类的种间及种内营养关系, 于2021年9月利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了七连屿6种常见优势珊瑚礁鱼类的营养结构特征。结果表明, 在6种优势鱼类中, 颊吻鼻鱼(Naso lituratus)的δ13C值最大, 平均为(?10.88±1.42)‰, δ15N值最小, 平均为(5.74±0.37)‰; 角镰鱼(Zanclus cornutus)的δ13C值最小, 平均为(?15.27±0.74)‰, 金带齿颌鲷(Gnathodentex aureolineatus)的δ15N值最大, 平均为(9.94±0.73)‰。总体上, 颊吻鼻鱼和双斑栉齿刺尾鱼(Ctenochaetus binotatus)主要分布在高δ13C低δ15N区, 角镰鱼、丝蝴蝶鱼(Chaetodon aurigaauriga)、金带齿颌鲷和蜂巢石斑鱼(Epinephelus merra)主要分布在低δ13C高δ15N区。颊吻鼻鱼、双斑栉齿刺尾鱼、角镰鱼、丝蝴蝶鱼、金带齿颌鲷和蜂巢石斑鱼的平均营养级分别为2.24、2.45、2.89、3.20、3.48和3.02。肉食性和杂食性鱼类的同位素生态位明显高于植食性鱼类, 各鱼类的同位素核心生态位均不重叠。除角镰鱼外, 其它鱼类体长与氮稳定同位素均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。除颊吻鼻鱼和角镰鱼外, 其余四种鱼类的营养级均随体长组的增大而增大。蜂巢石斑鱼各体长组的同位素生态位重叠程度最高, 表明其种内可能出现比较激烈的食物竞争。本研究通过研究七连屿6种优势珊瑚礁鱼类的种间及种内营养关系, 可为七连屿及南海食物网结构特征提供有力的数据支撑。
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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Habitat Distribution of Albacore Tuna in the South Pacific
Liu Liweń, Zheng Chunwen, Li Yalin, Zhou Xiang, Wu Feng, Zhu Jiangfeng, zhoucheng
Abstract:
本研究基于2020—2022年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)延绳钓渔捞日志数据, 采用地理加权随机森林(geographically weighted random forest, GWRF)模型, 结合Shapley模型可解释(shapley additive explanations, SHAP)技术, 构建了可解释的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地预测模型, 分析了关键环境因子对其分布的影响, 旨在为南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地研究及其可持续管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明在精度、准确率、召回率及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)等关键指标上, 地理加权随机森林模型相较于传统随机森林(random forest, RF)模型提高了5%~10%; 因子重要性分析SHAP贡献度分析表明, 海表温度、海表溶解氧浓度、50 m深度温度及50 m深度溶解氧浓度是影响长鳍金枪鱼栖息地分布的关键环境因子; SHAP解释性分析进一步揭示了适宜的栖息环境特征, 即当海表温度和50 m深度温度处于15~20 ℃, 海表溶解氧浓度及50 m深度溶解氧浓度处于240~260 mmol/m3时, 最适宜长鳍金枪鱼栖息。单一样本的SHAP值分解分析进一步验证了适宜的温度及充足的溶解氧是影响长鳍金枪鱼栖息地选择的关键因素。本研究为深入理解其栖息地的空间分布格局及环境驱动机制提供了新的研究视角。
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Community structure of early life stage fish resources and its relationship with environmental factors in the Northern waters of Liaodong Bay
LI Xuening, BIAN Xiaodong, LI Xun, SUN Ming, Shan Xiujuan, LI Zhao
Abstract:
为了解辽东湾北部海域鱼类产卵现状和适宜产卵生境,基于14航次鱼卵、仔稚鱼调查数据,采用聚类分析、非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)等阐释鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构；采用典范对应分析(CCA)及曼特尔检验(Mantel 检验)等分析鱼卵、仔稚鱼时空分布特征与海表底温(SST/SBT)、海表底盐(SSS/SBS)、水深(Depth)、辽河月径流量(RD)和浮游生物湿重(WW)等环境因子关系。结果显示,调查期间辽东湾北部海域共记录鱼类早期资源51种；鱼卵与仔稚鱼群落结构在年内呈现显著月间更替,各月种类更替率均不低于50%,月间平均相异性均超过71.2%；NMDS和基于月份的聚类分析结果表明鱼卵可划分为3个群组,仔稚鱼可划分为4个群组。辽东湾北部海域主要产卵期为5月下旬至7月下旬及12月,鱼类早期资源优势种不突出,主要产卵种类为方氏云鳚Pholis fangi(Wang et Wang, 1935)、玉筋鱼Ammodytes personatus Girard, 1856、鮻Planilaza haematocheilus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845)、斑鰶Konosirus punctatus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)、鳀Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlege1, 1846、蓝点马鲛Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832)、赤鼻棱鳀Thryssa kammalensis(Bleeker, 1849)、黄鲫Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes, 1848)、叫姑鱼Johnius grypotus(Richardson, 1846)和短吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878。5月下旬至7月下旬主要产卵场位于锦州湾至白砂湾以北的小凌河、大凌河、辽河和大辽河的河流入海口附近海域；12月仔稚鱼密集区主要分布在连山湾-太平湾以北海域。SST、RD和Depth是影响鱼类早期资源群落结构时空变化主要环境因子。SST对于调查海域鱼类早期资源的时空分布具有重要的影响,并主导产卵鱼种适温属性由暖温性至暖温性-暖水性向冷温性更替。黄鲫、叫姑鱼卵和斑鰶、赤鼻棱鳀、鮻仔稚鱼空间分布与SST呈正相关；鳀、蓝点马鲛鱼卵和方氏云鳚、玉筋鱼仔稚鱼空间分布与SST呈负相关。RD主导海域盐度梯度和营养盐的丰富程度进而间接影响鱼卵仔稚鱼时空分布。短吻红舌鳎、叫姑鱼卵和斑鰶、方氏云鳚、赤鼻棱鳀仔稚鱼与RD呈正相关,蓝点马鲛卵和玉筋鱼仔稚鱼与RD呈负相关。Depth与水体理化特征和生物群落结构密切关联,显著影响鱼类产卵场选择。叫姑鱼、短吻红舌鳎卵和鮻仔稚鱼与Depth呈正相关,黄鲫鱼卵和斑鰶、赤鼻棱鳀仔稚鱼分布与Depth呈负相关。本研究将为辽东湾鱼类早期资源评价与保护研究积累基础数据资料。
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Analyze the environmental adaptability and interspecific relationships of fish species in Guangdong coastal waters during spring based on the HMSC model
zhangjunyi, Lijiajun, xuyouwei, sunmingshuai, Liuzikai, chenzuozhi, zhangkui
Abstract:
海洋鱼类分布与环境因子之间的关系一直是海洋生态学领域上研究的热点问题。群落层次模型（HMSC）是一种基于贝叶斯统计的多元分层广义线性混合效应模型，可以分析环境、种间关系和系统发育对物种分布的影响。为探究广东近海鱼类的环境适应性和种间关系，基于2018、2019、2020和2022年4个春季航次底拖网调查数据，结合水深、表层盐度、底层温度等相关环境因子构建了5种HMSC。研究结果表明，包含随机效应的模型一表现最优，特别对高营养级捕食者的拟合效果提升明显。水深是影响广东近海鱼类分布的关键因素，能够解释鱼类分布的62.1%，底层温度和表层盐度的解释力较弱，仅占3.5%和3.3%。鱼类种群之间关系大致可分为两组：一组与其他鱼类多呈正相关，另一组与其他鱼类多呈负相关。这些发现强调了水深和种间关系对广东近海鱼类分布具有重要影响，为广东近海鱼类资源管理及物种多样性保护提供了理论依据。
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Diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of larval and juvenile fishes and influence factor in the Yangtze River estuary
lutianyu, zhaodubin, chenjinhui, liuqiang, wangxiaodong, weiguangen, qiuzhewen, zhongjunsheng, linjun
Abstract:
为探究长江禁渔后鱼类早期资源的现状以及潮汐对仔稚鱼分布的影响，于2022年7月—2023年5月，在长江口中华鲟保护区及临近水域设置42个采样点，按季节分别在涨潮和退潮期间，采用大型仔稚鱼网(口径1.3 m、网目0.5 mm)进行表层水平拖网调查。共拖网336网，采集到89644尾仔稚鱼，隶属于20目23科81种，平均密度为0.59 ind./m3。鳀科是最优势科，占全年渔获总量的82.13%。夏季仔稚鱼密度最大，达到1.77 ind./m3；春季次之，为0.45 ind./m3；秋季再次之，为0.12 ind./m3；冬季最低，仅0.002 ind./m3。夏季仔稚鱼密度北支高于南支，保护区内最低；秋季仔稚鱼南支高于保护区，北支最低；除春季外，各季节涨潮时仔稚鱼密度均高于退潮。春季涨潮时仔稚鱼保护区高于南支，北支最低；退潮时北支高于保护区，南支最低。丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H')均为夏季最高，冬季最低，但均匀度指数(J')夏季略低于春季。对水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧进行CCA分析结果表明，盐度在四季节均与仔稚鱼分布相关性较大，其他环境因子仅在个别季节的涨潮或退潮时与仔稚鱼分布相关。
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Effects of Different Diets on Growth, Hormone Synthesis, and Health Status of Juvenile Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)
WangYuQi, FuPeng, WuJinPing, ZhangChuang, shenli, lengxiaoqian, LiLuoXin, LiuZhiGang, LuoJiang, DuHao
Abstract:
为研究不同饵料对长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)亚成体生长性能、激素合成及健康状况影响，挑选体重为(8.46±1.64)kg的4~6龄长江鲟亚成体90尾，随机分为5组，分别使用配合饲料、冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干、混合饵料1(配合饲料和冰鲜鱼)和混合饵料2(配合饲料和蚯蚓干)投喂1年。结果显示：(1) 配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和体长增长率(LGR)显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，混合饵料投喂的长江鲟亚成体各项生长指标介于配合饲料组与冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干组之间;(2) 冰鲜鱼、混合饵料1及蚯蚓干投喂的长江鲟亚成体雌鱼血清E2水平显著升高，蚯蚓干组及2个混合饵料组雄鱼血清T水平显著升高，同时冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干及混合饵料投喂显著提升了长江鲟亚成体血清脂质水平(P<0.05)。(3) 配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力与TP、ALB含量显著高于其余组(P<0.05)。(4) 配合饲料及混合饵料2投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，混合饵料1投喂长江鲟亚成体的血清SOD活力显著高于蚯蚓干及混合饵料2投喂。(5) 冰鲜鱼和2个混合饵料投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清C3含量显著高于配合饲料及蚯蚓干投喂(P<0.05)，而配合饲料、蚯蚓干和混合饵料2投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清C4水平较高。结果表明，配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体在生长性能、蛋白质吸收和抗氧化能力上具有优势。冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干及混合饵料投喂在促进性激素合成、脂质吸收及肝脏健康方面优于配合饲料，其中配合饲料与蚯蚓干混合投喂的长江鲟亚成体在激素合成、肝脏健康、抗氧化及免疫方面的综合表现最佳。本研究可为人工养殖长江鲟亚成体的投喂策略提供参考，也可借鉴冰鲜鱼及蚯蚓干的营养组成和长江鲟亚成体的代谢特性，研发长江鲟专用饲料。
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The role of pyloric caecum in the digestion and absorption of sugars in mandarin fish
Gaojinhua, 赵亮亮, yaoxiaoli, songyindu, machenxi, zhaojinliang
Abstract:
鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)是中国特有的淡水经济鱼类, 幽门盲囊是肉食性鱼类消化道的特有结构, 负责食物蛋白质和脂类的消化吸收, 但幽门盲囊对糖类的消化吸收作用尚不清晰。本研究通过鳜进食实验, 比较研究了餐后0~16 h血糖水平, 幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量、淀粉酶活性与Amy mRNA表达、葡萄糖转运蛋白Sglt1和Glut2 mRNA表达变化。结果表明, 鳜进食后, 幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量、淀粉酶活性、Amy mRNA表达均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势, 在6 h达到峰值, 4~12 h显著高于其他时段; 幽门盲囊中淀粉酶活性、Amy mRNA表达与前肠间无显著差异, 但显著高于中肠。进食后, 血糖水平变化与幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量变化趋势一致。当血糖水平升高时, 鳜Sglt1可能主要起到对葡萄糖的吸收作用, 糖类的转运作用可能主要由Glut2来介导。Sglt1 mRNA在幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中表达峰值均在进食后1 h。幽门盲囊Glut2 mRNA表达量显著高于前肠, 极显著高于中肠, 且在4~12 h表达量显著高于其他时段。综上认为, 鳜幽门盲囊是主要的糖类消化部位之一, 也是主要吸收及转运部位, 进食后4~12 h是糖类消化吸收的旺盛期。
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Fish diversity in Laizhou Bay marine ranch based on eDNA Metabarcoding
wusihang, yanpengjin, anchangting, liang, lijiao, cheshuai, liuchenglei, liushufang
Abstract:
本研究采用eDNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding)技术，基于黄渤海鱼类12S rDNA本地数据库，对莱州湾金城海洋牧场的鱼类多样性进行了监测。结果表明：(1) 海洋牧场共检测出鱼类84种。与2009年牧场建设时采用流网、地笼和延绳钓方法在该海域仅获得4种鱼类的本底调查结果相比,本次调查结果凸显了eDNA宏条形码技术在生物多样性监测方面的高灵敏性优势,也为海洋牧场的聚鱼效果提供了有力证据。(2) eDNA检出鱼类与莱州湾鱼类历史记录有41种重叠,占eDNA检出鱼类总数的48.81%,占莱州湾记录种的50.62%,其余43种为黄渤海记录种。影响eDNA调查结果与莱州湾记录种间相关性的主要原因,除了调查方法对目标种的捕获效率不同之外,还与试验海洋牧场的特殊位置、鱼类种群分布的年际变化等因素有关。(3) 从季节差异看,冬季检出种类最多,60种；夏季最少,仅有30种；四季共有鱼类12种。Alpha多样性分析结果表明,研究区域的秋和夏季鱼类多样性高于冬和春季。同时,Beta多样性显示不同季节间的鱼类群落结构差异大于同一季节内不同站位间的差异。(4) 本研究还对比了黄渤海鱼类12S rDNA本地数据库和NCBI数据库物种注释的结果,虽然NCBI数据库的物种覆盖度更高,但本地数据库注释结果的准确性更胜一筹,不但可以排除非目标物种的干扰,还纠正了NCBI数据库对5种鱼类的注释错误。综上,eDNA宏条形码技术不仅克服了传统拖网方法在鱼礁区渔获少、网具易破损等问题,且非入侵性特点避免了对生态环境的破坏,可成为监测海洋牧场鱼类群落动态变化的重要手段。本次调查发现,eDNA还具有监测多种生态类型和生活习性鱼类的技术优势,为莱州湾鱼类多样性保护和管理提供了更全面的基础数据,也为海洋牧场生物资源修复效果评价提供了有力的技术支撑,有助于推动海洋牧场的科学管理和可持续发展。
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Review of the major safety issues in offshore net cage aquaculture systems
Huang Xiaohua, Liu Hangfei, Pang Guoliang, LI Gen, Yuan Taiping, Hu Yu, Tao Qiyou
Abstract:
近些年以大型网箱为主导的深远海规模化养殖取得显著成效，在建设蓝色粮仓、拓展海洋养殖空间以及发展海洋经济新质生产力等方面发挥着重要作用。然而，深远海养殖生产实践中存在的系统安全问题仍然比较突出，制约了深远海网箱养殖产业的高质量发展。本文立足我国深远海网箱养殖产业发展现状，从养殖生产角度就网箱养殖系统当前面临的结构安全、网衣破损、鱼类监测等主要安全问题进行剖析，详细介绍国内外关于网箱设施安全设计、养殖运营网衣安全、养殖鱼类安全监测等方面的技术研究及应用情况，并从科学选址、设施安全、品种选择、智慧管控、养殖保险等方面，对深远海网箱安全养殖发展提出相关建议。
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Cloning, Heterologous Expression and Enzymatic Properties of Leucine Aminopeptidase from Euphausia superba
Tan jia hao, Zou hua ying, Sheng jun, Wang fang, Chen meng yao, Song jia, xu jia kun
Abstract:
本研究旨在从南极磷虾基因转录组中筛选克隆获得一种亮氨酸氨肽酶基因EsLAP,构建重组表达载体EsLAP-pET-28a,并借助分子伴侣在大肠杆菌中实现其可溶性表达。利用三因素三水平响应面法对诱导条件进行优化,并对重组酶酶学性质进行了研究。EsLAP基因全长1569 bp,编码522个氨基酸,理论分子量(MW)为55302.67 Da,等电点(pI)为6.16。序列与结构分析表明,EsLAP具有M17家族肽酶的典型肽酶催化结构域及底物特异性结合位点。EsLAP最佳表达条件为：IPTG浓度0.7 mM、接种量3%、诱导时间19 h。酶学性质分析显示,EsLAP最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH为8.5,其中粗酶酶活为265.6 U/mL,比酶活为33.15 U/mg。金属离子Co2+和Mn2+可显著增强酶活,其中Co2+可使酶活提高至原始水平的296%。EDTA可以显著抑制其酶活,表明EsLAP是金属蛋白酶。β-mercaptoethanol、NaBH4、DTT等强还原剂显著抑制酶活,可以使剩余酶活降低至10%以下。底物特异性研究表明,EsLAP对Leu-pNA的降解效率最好,表明其为亮氨酸氨肽酶。本研究首次报道南极磷虾来源的亮氨酸氨肽酶的克隆表达及酶学特性,相关结果为其在食品与医药工业中用于降解N-端含亮氨酸的功能肽提供了潜在应用基础。
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Interactions between cetaceans and fisheries in the ecosystem of adjacent waters of Zhangzi Island
wang zhilin, wei xu, si liwei, li yi, liu hang, an wencong, zhang yanchao, xu longfei, li qingxia, gao dongkui, tian tao, wu zhongxin
Abstract:
探讨海洋哺乳动物与渔业之间的相互作用已成为基于生态系统渔业管理的重要研究内容。近年来随着獐子岛邻近海域渔业资源养护的不断向好，小鳁鲸(Balaenoptera acutorostrata)、江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri)等鲸类数量逐渐增加，同时中上层拖网和近海休闲海钓等渔业方式也直接或间接影响着鲸类的饵料资源，鲸类与渔业在食物网内的相互作用及其对近海生态系统结构和功能的影响目前尚不明确。为此，本研究基于Ecopath软件构建了獐子岛邻近海域食物网模型，评价该生态系统的结构和功能特征并分析鲸类在食物网中的营养作用及其与主要渔业之间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明：獐子岛邻近海域生态系统中各功能组营养级范围为1~4.24，其中小鳁鲸营养级为3.76，江豚为最高营养级物种(4.24)，江豚的关键度指数(?0.53)及相对总影响值(0.33)均高于小鳁鲸(?0.82、0.17)。混合营养效应(MTI)分析表明，小鳁鲸及江豚对第IV和第III营养级物种的消极影响均大于其积极影响，其中江豚对食物网造成的消极影响最大(7.5%)，其对第Ⅲ营养级物种影响最为强烈，分别造成14.5%积极影响和22.2%的消极影响；渔业方式中中上层拖网(30.8%)及休闲垂钓(26.7%)对食物网造成的消极影响最高。该生态系统中鲸类消费量仅占各物种总消费量的0.3%，潜水捕捞(39.2%)及中上层拖网(24.5%)渔获量占总消费流量比例最高。此外，生态位重叠指数显示，江豚与中上层拖网之间的资源竞争程度较高(0.75)，而小鳁鲸和江豚与总渔业之间的生态位重叠指数仅分别为0.03和0.33。两种鲸类中江豚与渔业的作用强度更高，但两者捕食对研究区域的食物网影响均远低于渔业开发。研究结果为实现区域海洋哺乳动物保护与渔业资源的协同管理提供参考。
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Study of Feeding Strategy and Crucial Morphological Changes of Artemia under Indoor Mass Culture Conditions
luyulong, wuxinhua, yanxinrong, wanxuerui, dongkaoshuai, mahaoran, gaomeirong, suiliying
Abstract:
本研究探究了在室内高密度养殖生产高质量、规格均一卤虫的投喂策略,明确了高密度养殖中卤虫形态发育变化的关键期。首先在10 L锥形养殖桶中,以等鞭金藻为基础饵料,养殖中后期补充颗粒大小为25~30 μm的人工饵料养殖卤虫,设置3.33 g(X-0.5)、6.70 g(X-1)和10.02 g(X-1.5)三个总投喂量,测定不同投喂量下卤虫的生长和水体总氮和无机氮含量变化。结果表明,当投喂量为X-1和X-1.5时,卤虫体长及生物量显著高于X-0.5(P＜0.05)。养殖过程中NO2--N、NH4+-N和TN整体变化趋势保持一致,但NO3--N变化趋势存在差异,当投喂量为X-0.5时,NO3--N有升高趋势；投喂量为X-1时,NO3--N趋势变化平稳；投喂量为X-1.5时,NO3--N有下降趋势。总体而言,高氮养殖环境未对卤虫养殖产生不良影响。之后将X-1投喂量应用于1吨水体卤虫养殖13天,明确了养殖过程中的附肢发育期和第二触角退化期两个关键时期,此时卤虫存活率易发生大幅下降。养殖结束后,卤虫存活率为72.3±1.2%,生物量为2230±112.7 g,平均体长为7.24±0.09 mm。人工养殖卤虫的粗蛋白含量为52.28±0.19%干重,粗脂肪含量为17.64±7.01%干重,EPA含量为7.56±1.51 mg/g干重,均高于渤海湾盐田卤虫成虫。综上,卤虫养殖前期使用粒径较小且易消化的单胞藻,中后期适量投喂人工饲料,可实现稳定的卤虫产量,养殖过程中应密切关注关键时期卤虫的密度变化。本研究结果不仅为卤虫室内规模化养殖提供策略指导,而且为实验动物卤虫的科学研究中获得数量稳定的健康卤虫提供方法参考。
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The effects of bar spacing and inclination angles of Nordm?re grid on the stability of the trawl cod-end
Abstract:
Nordm?re 栅栏是一种广泛用于虾拖网渔业中减少副渔获物的栅型兼捕减少装置。其栅条间距和栅栏倾角不仅影响网囊结构水动力，对网囊系统的稳定性也会产生一定影响。本研究通过动水槽模型试验，探究了栅条间距（15 mm、25 mm、35 mm、45 mm）和栅栏倾角（30°、45°、60°）对网囊系统阻力和形态的影响变化，结果表明：（1）网囊阻力随着栅栏倾角和流速的增大而增大，但随栅条间距的增大而减小。不同装配倾角的网囊平均阻力从大到小依次为，A-60°栅>A-45°栅> A-30°栅>无栅栏。无栅栏网囊的平均阻力分别比A-60°栅、A-45°栅和A-30°小170%、120%和72%；（2）随着栅栏倾角的增大，网囊轮廓形态扩张效果显著，网囊垂直方向的中心点位置偏低。随着流速增大，网囊整体形态呈收缩趋势。栅栏倾角为A-60°时，网囊周长较倾角A-30°和A-45°时分别增大了18%和8%；（3）测试中发现，网囊阻力呈一定程度波动规律，随流速增大，网囊阻力振荡效果越显著；当栅栏倾角为A-30°时，网囊阻力振荡效果最为显著，栅栏倾角为A-45°时，网囊阻力振荡效果较弱；栅栏倾角为A-30°时的阻力平均振幅较A-45°时增大26%；（4）栅条间距对网囊阻力振荡影响并不显著。本研究结果对优化设计栅型兼捕减少装置，提高拖网选择性具有重要意义。
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Cloning and Expression of Hnf4 Gene in Eriocheir sinensis
Yang Zhigang, Hu Yun, Lei Jinyun, Chen Aqin, Li Teng, Wang Aimin, Cheng Yongxu
Abstract:
肝细胞核因子4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, HNF4)是长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, LC-PUFA)生物合成的重要转录因子。本研究使用RACE技术克隆中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)Hnf4基因, qPCR检测Hnf4基因在多个组织中的表达情况, 并通过RNA干扰、添加其抑制剂和激动剂处理后分析脂质代谢相关基因的表达变化。结果显示, 中华绒螯蟹Hnf4基因全长3554 bp, 其中5?非编码区长度为569 bp, 3?非编码区为1179 bp, 开放阅读框为1806 bp, 编码601个氨基酸。HNF4蛋白总平均亲疏水性为?0.177, 推测HNF4蛋白为亲水性蛋白。同源性分析发现中华绒螯蟹HNF4与克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)、拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)等虾蟹类具有较高的序列同一性和氨基酸同源性, 且在系统进化树中与拟穴青蟹和三疣梭子蟹HNF4聚为一支。qPCR结果显示, Hnf4在多个组织中均有表达, 但在肝胰腺中表达最高。使用dsRNA干扰Hnf4基因的表达后, 中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中Fas、Scd、Fad6、Fad9以及Elovl4基因的表达显著降低, Hsl基因表达显著上调(P<0.05); 注射抑制剂BI-6015与RNA干扰结果相似, 而注射激动剂Benfluorex得到了相反的结果, 这提示Hnf4基因对中华绒螯蟹的脂质代谢及LC-PUFA生物合成调控有一定作用。上述研究结果可以为进一步探究HNF4的生物特异性作用以及对中华绒螯蟹脂质代谢等生理调控机制提供参考。
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The impact of different obstacles on the swimming ability of three types of juvenile fish
zengyuping, Yu Lixiong, Lin Xiaoju, Wu Chijie, Wang Min, Duan Xinbin, Zhu Fengyue, Wang Dengqiang
Abstract:
为了解不同障碍物所形成的复杂水流环境对鱼类游泳能力的影响，以青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)幼鱼为对象，通过在游泳水槽中放置圆型、方型和半圆型障碍物，研究3种幼鱼的临界游泳速度及感应流速差异。结果表明：青鱼幼鱼在无障碍物和半圆型障碍物下临界游泳速度无显著性差异(P>0.05)，在圆柱和方型障碍物下临界游泳速度显著降低(P<0.05)，Uacrit分别降低了36.3%和15.6%，Urcrit分别降低了34.9%和15.3%；中华倒刺鲃幼鱼在方型障碍物下Urcrit为(15.20±0.84) BL/s，相较于对照组[Urcrit=(17.42±0.55) BL/s]降低了12.7%(P<0.05)；长鳍吻鮈幼鱼在三种障碍物下的临界游泳速度均显著低于无障碍物组(P<0.05)，其中在圆型障碍物组影响最为显著，Uacrit和Urcrit为(62.83±7.52) cm/s、(8.17±0.73) BL/s。青鱼、中华倒刺鲃幼鱼感应流速在无障碍物和不同型式障碍物下均无显著性差异(P>0.05)，长鳍吻鮈幼鱼感应流速在圆型和方型障碍物下差异性显著(P<0.05)，3种幼鱼感应流速范围：Uaind为1.60~5.20 cm/s，Urind为0.17~0.62 BL/s。在相同障碍物环境下，中华倒刺鲃Urcrit和Urind均显著高于青鱼和长鳍吻鮈。3种实验鱼临界游泳速度均大于感应流速。研究发现，障碍物及种类对鱼类的临界游泳能力具有显著影响，而对幼鱼感应流速的影响仅在种类间表现出显著性差异。结果可为鱼类栖息场所和鱼道设计提供参考。
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Energy flow characteristics of food web in Lvsi fishing ground based on LIM-MCMC
Zhang Hu, Zhang Zhuodi, Li pengcheng, Ben Chengkai, Xue Ying, Zhu Chaowen, Xiao Yueyue, Zu kaiwei, Yuan Jianmei, Hu Haisheng, Zhang Rui
Abstract:
食物网能量流动对于维持海洋生态系统结构、功能及其稳定性具有重要意义，有助于深入了解海洋生态系统食物网营养动力学过程及其重要性。本研究根据2023年在吕泗渔场海域开展的季节性生物资源调查数据，构建了马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗逆线性模型（Linear inverse model with markov chain monte carlo, LIM-MCMC），并结合生态网络分析（Ecological network analysis, ENA）探究该海域食物网能量流动特征和生态系统状态。结果表明，该海域海洋生物可划分为22个功能群，共形成224条能量流动路径。由浮游动物所同化的能量，经过斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、其它底栖生物、其它软体动物等功能群向上传递，维持着高营养级生物的生长、发育和繁殖。尽管浮游动物包括21条能量流出路径，但其摄食的能量绝大部分通过呼吸消耗损失，为1764.70 kg.km-2.year-1，未能有效的向更高营养级传递。此外，该海域生态系统的总流量（Total system throughput, TST）、总初级生产力/总呼吸（Total primary production/Total respiration, TPP/TR）、总初级生产力（Total primary production, TPP）、系统连接指数（Connectance, C）和发展程度（Extent of development, AC）、约束效率（Constraint efficiency, CE）、芳恩循环指数（Finn’s cycling index, FCI）、协同效应指数（Synergism index, b/c）、主导间接效应（Dominance indirect effects, i/d）分别为5421.34 kg.km-2.year-1、1803.92 kg.km-2.year-1、1.00、0.41和0.93、0.75、0.24、1.32、5.46。与其它海域生态系统比较表明，该海域生态系统规模较大、更成熟，食物网结构也相对复杂，能够在较大程度上抵御外界扰动。此外，该海域生态系统发展空间较大、网络约束较低，对能量利用效率较低，具有较高的可持续性。本研究将有助于为吕泗渔场海域食物网营养动力学深入研究以及该海域渔业资源的科学管理提供科学依据。
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(1. Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118；
Abstract:
为探究不同生长环境下冷水鱼肌肉品质存在的差异及其原因，以马苏大麻哈鱼为研究对象，采集洄游型和陆封型三倍体、选育和非选育马苏大麻哈鱼的背部肌肉，分别从表观特性、质构特性、营养成分和组学特征进行比较分析。结果显示：马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体组的破裂力、胶粘性、系水力显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；三倍体组的粘附力、剪切力和内聚性显著低于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；三倍体组的pH显著低于选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；洄游型的硬度显著高于非选育组（P<0.05）。三倍体组的肌肉红度显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）。马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉粗脂肪和水分含量三倍体组显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；肌肉粗蛋白和粗灰分含量洄游型显著高于陆封型的三倍体、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）。洄游型马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于陆封型（P<0.05），且各组之间均差异显著（P<0.05）。陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸总含量显著高于洄游型（P<0.05），且三倍体组最高；肌肉中EPA和DHA含量三倍体组显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）。陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉肌纤维直径显著高于洄游型（P<0.05）。研究结果表明：陆封型马苏大麻哈三倍体鱼肌肉中蛋白质和氨基酸含量略低于洄游型，但陆封型三倍体在肌肉质构、色泽、脂肪酸组成和肌纤维结构优于洄游型和其他养殖群体。本结果为冷水鱼的品种选育优化、差异化养殖、功能性饲料开发提供了科学依据。
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Gap-free genome assembly of freshwater resident Coilia nasus
MA Fengjiao, WANG Hui, REN Long, LIU Kai
Abstract:
淡水定居型刀鲚(Coilia nasus taihuensis)又称为湖鲚，终生生活在淡水湖泊中，不需要进行江海洄游也能完成整个生活史过程。栖息生境的差异及长期的地理分割，使得湖鲚与洄游型刀鲚(Coilia nasus)选择了不同的环境适应性进化机制。由于目前缺乏湖鲚的基因组信息，与其环境适应相关的遗传机制缺乏系统研究。本研究以太湖的定居型个体为实验对象，通过Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) high-fidelity (HiFi)测序数据组装得到高质量基因组骨架，利用Hi-C测序数据实现基因组染色体水平的组装，结合Nanopore测序数据进行基因组补洞，最终获得完整的、无间隙的湖鲚参考基因组。湖鲚基因组大小约为834.09 Mb，contig N50高达35.45 Mb，挂载到24条染色体上，挂载率为99.83%。基因组组装质量评估显示，BUSCO(Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs)评估值为91.90%，表明基因组组装完整性较高。基因组注释特征显示，基因组重复序列总长度为382.39 Mb，占基因组的45.85%，基因结构注释共鉴定21,730个蛋白编码基因，其中21,666个基因(99.71%)被功能注释。基因组共线性结果显示，刀鲚和湖鲚之间具有极高的基因组共线性比率(96.95%)，共鉴定到48,852个共线性区块，表明两者之间遗传关系密切。本研究为后续刀鲚适应性机制研究提供素材，为深入开展湖鲚群体遗传学研究提供重要的基因组资源。
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1.College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China;
SONG LIMING, XU HUI, QI YUKUN, LUCHANHUANG, SHEN FENGYUAN, DING PENG, LI YUWEI, SHEN JIERAN
Abstract:
科学计算名义CPUE (catch per unit effort)是准确预测渔业资源丰度分布的先决条件。延绳钓渔业的渔获量和努力量的统计结果受空间跨度的影响,由于数据来源的不同导致名义CPUE计算结果存在差异,可能影响渔场预测精度。本研究依据密克罗尼西亚海域延绳钓渔船渔捞日志和VMS(vessel monitor system)得到的渔业数据,计算得出黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)的两种名义CPUE。基于BiLSTM (Bi-directional long-short-term memory)模型,将两种名义CPUE分别作为模型输入,结合空间要素和海洋遥感环境数据,建立黄鳍金枪鱼的渔场预报模型,并评价不同的名义CPUE输入对渔场预测精度的影响；通过SHAP(SHapley Additive exPlanations)分析,得出对黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预测的重要变量；通过不同名义CPUE的地理空间分布得出渔场的时空分布特征。结果表明,BiLSTM模型可用来预测黄鳍金枪鱼渔场,具有良好的预测效果；基于VMS计算的名义CPUE比基于渔捞日志计算的名义CPUE建立的BiLSTM渔场预测模型有更高的精度。影响黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预测的重要变量是:叶绿素浓度,200 m水层的溶解氧浓度,300 m水层的温度,200 m水层的温度和经度等。基于渔捞日志的渔场南北分散,而基于VMS的渔场主要集中在南部,由温度和溶解氧浓度的垂直剖面图推测基于VMS得出的渔场更合理；密克罗尼西亚海域黄鳍金枪鱼渔场在一二季度分布较为密集。本研究证明基于VMS可计算延绳钓渔业的名义CPUE并用于渔场预测；基于本研究的结果,当以较小空间尺度研究金枪鱼延绳钓渔场时,建议按照VMS的方式逐条记录渔获位置,以网格化计算CPUE,从而提高渔场预测精度。
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Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of different selective breeding generations in Procambarus clarkii using microsatellite markers
Lin Shiyu, Tao Yang, Chen Nan, Liao Mingcong, Wang Jianghua, Gu Zemao
Abstract:
为了解人工选育对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)选育群体的遗传多样性的影响,研究采用20个微卫星标记比较分析了克氏原螯虾5个连续选育世代(F1-F5)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示：20个微卫星标记在389尾样本中共检测到246个等位基因,每个位点检测到的等位基因为5~22个,平均为12.30个。选育过程中,F1到F5的平均观测杂合度(Ho)从0.539下降至0.433,平均期望杂合度(He)从0.734下降至0.680,平均多态信息含量(PIC)从0.695下降至0.638。尽管选育群体的Ho、He和PIC均有所下降,但依然处于较高水平。F-检验结果显示,基于微卫星标记的选育群体的近交系数(Fis)介于0.106~0.622,平均值为0.304,所有多态性位点均为正值,说明群体中存在一定程度的近交。世代间配对比较的遗传分化指数(Fst)值介于0.010~0.039,说明群体的遗传分化处于低等水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,F1-F5中的遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.16%)。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统发育树结果显示,F1、F2独立聚类为一支,F4与F5先聚类,再与F3聚类为另一支,遗传结构已经发生改变。综上所述,克氏原螯虾经多代人工选择后,选育群体的遗传多样性依然维持在较高水平,具有进一步选育的潜力,今后选育过程中应引入不同来源亲本或增加育种亲本数量,减少近交现象的发生。
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Prediction of South Pacific Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) recruitment based on the LASSO regression method
Wang Yang, Zhu Jiangfeng, Zhang Fan, Geng Zhe
Abstract:
种群补充是维持资源可持续的关键生物学过程，准确预测和理解补充量的变异性已经成为渔业管理的核心问题。以往对南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus alalunga）补充量的预测方法在处理环境变量间多重共线性及筛选关键驱动变量方面时存在显著局限性，容易导致模型过拟合及预测精度下降。为弥补以上不足，本研究引入LASSO回归算法以优化预测变量筛选过程并提升预测精度。基于2000-2017年观测数据构建模型，并结合CMIP6多模式气候预测数据对2018-2100年补充量进行长期预测。结果表明，LASSO方法通过收缩无关变量，有效消除变量冗余，提高了模型预测精度。最佳模型解释率为45.9%，其中海表温度（SST）和混合层深度（MLD）为预测补充量的重要因子。预测结果显示，在二氧化碳较高排放情形下（SSP585，SSP370），在2070年代种群补充量趋近于零，种群崩溃风险显著升高；在低碳路径（SSP126）下，补充量仍呈现持续性衰减趋势。本研究结果为渔业资源预测及变量选择介绍了有效方法，并构建气候-补充耦合预测模型，为制定适应性管理策略、规避种群崩溃风险提供了量化决策支持。
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Correlation analysis of bacterial structure and environmental factors during the skin ulcer syndrome outbreak period of Apostichopus japonicus cultured in cage aquaculture system in Fujian Province
Wang jinjin, Wang yingeng, Li bin, Rong xiaojun, Liao meijie, Ge jianlong, Chen Zhengqiang, Liu qingbing, Jiang Minqi
Abstract:
本研究以2023年11月份福建东吾洋的小雷江、文岐、围江海域吊笼养殖区暴发的刺参腐皮综合征为研究对象，对其发病特征、菌群结构及菌群与环境因子的相关性进行解析，以期掌握该养殖模式下相关疾病发生时期的养殖系统的菌群结构特征，为该区域刺参病害防控提供科学依据。本研究通过对患病组织及水样中微生物的16S rDNA可变区V3~V4区域进行高通量测序及菌群结构分析，结果表明检测到的细菌归属于33门，72纲，350 科，各区域患病刺参体壁样品中，位于前三的优势菌门均为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）和放线菌门（Actinobacteriota），优势菌科有黄杆菌科（Flavobacteriaceae）、红杆菌科（Rhodobacteraceae）、肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）和微杆菌科（Microbacteriaceae）等；在3个区域的水体样品中，位于前二的优势菌门均为变形菌门和拟杆菌门，优势菌科有黄杆菌科、红杆菌科、放线菌科（Actinomarinaceae）和蓝细菌（unclassified_Cyanobacteriia）等。α多样性分析显示Chao1和ACE指数在不同区域的刺参体壁和水样中均表现出显著的差异性，PCoA分析显示水体样品聚集在一起外周包围着刺参体壁样品，表明水样菌群与海参健康具有一定的相关性。对所研究样品中科水平上Top 20的菌群进行相关性分析发现，18个菌群间有100对组合具有显著相关性，且毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）、颤螺菌科（Oscillospiraceae）与鼠杆菌科（Muribaculaceae）相互之间存在着极强的相关性，相关性系数达到了0.95以上。菌群与环境因子间相关性分析显示，BOD/Hg/Zn/Ni四种环境因子与微生物的α多样性具有显著的相关性（p < 0.05）。综合上述结果表明，患病刺参个体的体壁组织中存在大量的弧菌，患病组织与水体中的菌群具有显著的相关性，且环境因子对菌群结构及微生态的稳定性具有重要影响。相关研究结果将有助于为刺参腐皮综合征的防控提供科学依据，并进一步推动刺参养殖过程中环境保护及养殖工艺的优化，为科学养殖及病害防控提供理论依据。
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Screening of Genes and SNP Markers Related to the Body Wall Proportion of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Based on Selective Sweeping Analysis
Song zhiwei, Ge Jianlonng, Wang Jinjin, Liao Meijie, Li Bin, Wang Yingeng, Rong Xiaojun, Niu Licheng, He Yating
Abstract:
刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)出皮率即刺参体壁占总体重的比例, 是刺参重要的经济性状和判别刺参品质的重要指标，开展刺参出皮率的遗传调控机制可为良种选育提供科学依据。 本研究以同一养殖环境下的同一批次养殖刺参群体为基础, 对250个随机选择个体进行出皮率测定, 筛选出高出皮率(H组)和低出皮率(L组)刺参各25头, 基于全基因组重测序和选择消除分析, 筛选与出皮率相关的受选择区域, 挖掘出皮率相关基因和关键通路, 进一步确定出皮率相关SNP位点和优势基因型。全基因组重测序共得到7398410个高质量的SNP, 群体遗传结构分析表明两组间遗传结构无明显分化。基于Fst & Pi的选择消除分析分别筛选出高出皮率组和低出皮率组524个和484个受选择区域, 分别注释到214个和193个候选功能基因。通路富集分析得到1199个预测GO类目和44个KEGG代谢通路, 从其中获得与出皮率差异相关的4个显著差异富集通路: 代谢途径(metabolic pathways)、脂肪酸伸长(fatty acid elongation)、脂肪酸代谢(fatty acid metabolism)和黏蛋白O-聚糖生物合成(mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis)。通过功能基因检索分析筛选出ELP2、TPRA1、G2E3、TIE1、DOCK1 5个可能与高出皮率相关的功能基因, 进一步筛选出在这5个相关基因内与出皮率相关的28个SNP位点, 并获得了与高出皮率相关的优势基因型4个。上述研究结果为探究刺参出皮率遗传调控机制提供了基础数据, 也为培育高出皮率刺参优良品种培育和标记辅助育种技术建立奠定基础。
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Research on the hydraulic characteristics of large land-based high-position circular aquaculture tank for pollution collection
GUI Fukun, CHEN Jianeng, FENG Dejun, NAN Hailin, ZHOU Qixian, ZHANG Qingjing, WU Yanfei
Abstract:
为探究推水器作用下大尺寸陆基高位圆池内的水动力特性。通过进行现场试验,设计了3组推水器布设角度(与池壁的相对角度,θ = 0°、20°、45°),每组角度工况下设置7组推水器数量(n = 2、3、4、6、8、10、12)。利用“小威龙”声学多普勒流速仪测量池内表、中、底三个不同水层(h = 30 cm、60 cm、90 cm)的流速分布,从平均流速、养殖池均匀系数U等方面分析养殖池内水动力特性的变化。结果表明：推水器设置方式对流场和水动力特性影响显著,在布设12个推水器的情况下,当布设角度θ为0°时,池中央存在大面积的低流速区,不同水层的养殖池均匀系数集中在0.15～0.25之间,水体混合效果较差。布设角度θ从20°增大到45°时,池内低流速区面积随着角度增大而减小,布设角度为45°时各个工况下的平均流速都超过了0.047 m/s,养殖池均匀系数都在0.3以上,养殖池流场分布最为均匀,池内高流速区面积显著扩大。布设角度θ为45°时,当推水器布设数量n > 2,推水器数量的变化对池内流场分布的影响没有明显差异。相对于布设数量n上的变化,布设角度θ会对池内流场变化带来更明显的影响。本研究结果可为大尺寸圆形养殖池内推水器布设方式的优化提供理论依据。
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Molecular cloning, interaction with CDX2 and expression regulation of CDK2 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
HE Zhimin, LUO Junhan, WANG CHEN Haoyang, TANG Xiang, JIANG Ran, WANG Qixiang, LIU Jing, LI Yanfang, GAO Xing, ZENG Peng, QING Yanling, LUO Yanan, LIU Zhen
Abstract:
为探讨草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella) cdk2的分子特征、CDK2蛋白与CDX2的相互作用及其表达营养调控, 本研究通过克隆获得草鱼cdk2基因序列, 其开放阅读框897 bp, 编码298个氨基酸, 与其他物种CDK2氨基酸序列同源性达到80%以上, 且具有保守S_TKc功能域; 基于cdk2的密码子偏好性及聚类分析均表明, 草鱼与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的亲缘关系最近; 相对基于cdk2 RSCU的聚类分析, 基于CDK2氨基酸序列的系统进化树分析更符合传统物种的分类; 组织表达分析结果表明, 草鱼cdk2 mRNA在血液组织表达水平最高(P<0.05), 肝脏和脾脏次之。通过分子对接和酵母双杂交分析了草鱼CDK2与其下游磷酸化底物蛋白CDX2的相互作用, 结果表明草鱼CDK2与CDX2具有相互作用。本研究进一步通过养殖实验探究了饲料中添加不同水平的游离氨基酸CAA(游离lys和Glu)、二肽KE (Lys-Glu, KE), 三肽GHK (Gly-His-Lys, GHK)对cdk2的表达调控, 结果表明, 相比对照组, 0.5% GHK对草鱼cdk2 mRNA的表达促进作用最大, 氨基酸CAA相比具有同样氨基酸组成的KE二肽, 更能促进cdk2的表达。综上所述, 草鱼cdk2基因表达具有组织特异性, CDK2与CDX2相互作用, cdk2表达水平受到饲料中氨基酸和小肽水平的影响。本研究为其他硬骨鱼类cdk2分子特征的研究, 鱼类肠道功能基因的调控机制探索研究提供新的线索, 并为后续开展cdk2基因调控氨基酸及小肽的转运吸收分子机制研究提供理论基础。
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Establishment of a highly sensitive one-step PCR assay for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Procambarus clarkii based on the vp19 gene
Chen Nan, Luo Xiaohong, Liao Mingcong, Hu Ruixue, Li Dan, Gu Zemao
Abstract:
白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）是危害克氏原螯虾养殖的重要病原。本研究旨在针对该病毒早期检测和诊断速度慢、灵敏度不高、不便捷等问题，建立新的WSSV一步式PCR检测方法。该方法基于WSSV主要囊膜蛋白VP19的基因保守序列设计引物，建立方法并针对分析特异性、分析灵敏度、诊断特异性、诊断灵敏度开展了与WOAH巢式PCR方法的比较评估。结果表明，本方法对WSSV具有高分析特异性，仅在阳性样本中扩增出196 bp条带，与传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒等其它常见水产病原无交叉反应。分析灵敏度测试显示，以WSSV标准质粒为模板时，本方法理论检出限低至1.83 copies/μL；以田间样品混合DNA为模板时，最低检出限达0.82 fg/μL，均优于WOAH推荐巢式PCR方法。同时，我们以WOAH Taqman qPCR方法为标准，比较了本方法和巢式PCR对317份田间样品的检测结果，本方法的诊断特异性为97.01%，诊断灵敏度为95.08%，均优于巢式PCR。综上所述，本研究建立的一步式PCR检测方法具有高特异性和高灵敏度的优点，适用于克氏原螯虾WSSV周年监测和快速诊断，能够为有效防控WSSV相关流行病提供重要的技术支持。
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A study on the impact of hydrological connectivity in the Chongming Dongtan tidal creek system of the Yangtze River Estuary on fish community distribution
feishujie, zhangtingting, zhaofeng, zhangtao, yanggang, wangsikai
Abstract:
水文连通性是指示河口湿地生态系统健康和功能的重要特征之一,其对河口鱼类群落的分布具有重要影响。本文选取了水文动态、景观维度上的2类共12个水文连通性指标,探索了河口湿地潮沟系统的水文连通性的差异性及鱼类群落对不同水文连通性栖息地的偏好,旨在为河口湿地的生态修复、生物多样性保护和水资源管理提供科学依据。结果表明：在不同潮汐条件下,河口湿地潮沟系统的水文连通性对鱼类群落的分布具有显著影响,潮差、淹没时长、节点数、河链数和节点连接率β等被识别为关键影响因素。进一步的典型相关分析分析(CCA),可将潮沟系统内部样点区域分为大潮高连通区、大潮低连通区、小潮高连通区、小潮低连通区和长期淹没区,共5类不同水文连通性区域,并且鱼类物种对不同水文连通区域的偏好各异,这些偏好与鱼类的游泳能力、个体大小和摄食行为等相关。例如,大鳞鲴(Xenocypris macrolepis)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)等鱼类对水体水流环境适应力强,偏好利用涨落潮进出潮沟觅食,倾向于在大潮高水文连通区域栖息。中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)和鲻科(Mugilidae)等是具有较强的溯水能力的鱼类,虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)偏好深入潮沟系统内部更稳定的水体觅食或栖息,它们倾向于在淹水时长较长的小潮高水文连通区域栖息。刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、大银鱼(Protosalanx chinensis)等幼鱼,对水深有一定的要求,不喜进入潮沟内部,偏好栖息在潮沟口或近岸的区域。研究结果表明了河口潮沟鱼类在潮汐作用下,对不同水文连通性栖息地的具有主动选择和适应性,为河口湿地的生态修复和鱼类生物多样性保护提供了科学依据,有助于在湿地水资源管理中制定调节水文连通性策略,以促进生态系统的可持续发展。
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Transcriptomics investigation of the mechanism of temperature effects on the embryonic development of Eriocheir sinensis
CUI Chaoyue, GENG Zhi, FENG Guangpeng, ZHANG Tao, ZHAO Feng, YANG Gang, ZHUANG Ping, HUANG Xiaorong
Abstract:
中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）是我国重要的经济蟹类，具有典型的洄游习性，每年需经历数月洄游至长江口进行繁殖活动，温度是影响其胚胎发育的关键环境因子之一。本研究通过设置恒温9℃、恒温15℃以及从9℃逐渐升高至15℃三个实验组，查明每个实验组胚胎发育的时间和有效积温，并利用转录组学技术揭示了温度对中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的分子调控机制。结果表明，温度显著影响胚胎发育进程及有效积温，在恒温9℃时，胚胎停滞在卵裂期不发育，其有效积温为1961.95 h·℃；温度从9℃逐渐升高至15℃时，胚胎能够发育至原溞状幼体期，且与恒温15℃组相比，胚胎发育时间缩短了144h，有效积温缩短了1303.77 h·℃。温度变化显著影响了胚胎发育相关基因的表达模式，当温度从9℃升高至15℃时，与胚胎发育相关的间隔基因（LOC126998238）显著下调，功能通路主要富集在内质网蛋白靶向；在恒温15℃下，胚胎中的母体效应基因（LOC126984051）则显著上调，功能通路主要富集在小分子代谢。研究表明，在一定范围内，胚胎发育随温度升高而加快，与恒温条件相比，变温能显著影响胚胎发育相关基因的表达及功能通路的富集，从而促进中华绒螯蟹胚胎的发育。
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Evaluation of self and hybrid culture edible rate, quality and toxic heavy metals of male Chinese mitten crab reared in cold regions
Sujunjie, Wangshihui, Zhangshuqi, Zhaozhigang, Luoliang, Zhangrui, Guokun
Abstract:
为筛选适宜在寒地养殖的河蟹种质并评价其品质特征，本研究对三种配组河蟹(辽河自交LL、长江自交YY、辽河♀×长江♂杂交LY)扣蟹进行为期5个月的养殖，获得成体雄蟹并比较了可食率、肥满度、色泽、常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、游离氨基酸组成、矿物质元素组成以及有毒重金属元素。结果表明：LY的出肉率MY和总可食率TEY显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；YY和LY头胸甲红度值、肝胰腺亮度值均显著高于LL (P< 0.05)，LY肝胰腺黄度值显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的粗蛋白含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY肝胰腺中∑PUFA、∑EFA、n-3/n-6 PUFA和DHA/EPA高于其余两组； LY性腺系统中脯氨酸Pro含量、肌肉中丙氨酸Ala和脯氨酸Pro含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总苦味氨基酸∑TBV相对较少；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总矿物质元素∑TME显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，LY的铁Fe和锌Zn含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LL、YY和和LY中有毒重金属元素含量远低于食品中污染物限量国家标准。综上所述，虽然LL肝胰腺指数HSI和性腺指数GSI较高，LL在肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂含量和∑EFAA高于其余两组，YY肝胰腺和性腺系统中的灰分含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，但LY在绝大多数大部分指标上更占据优势，表现出更高的营养价值和食用安全性。
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The Pilot Application of Astaxanthin in Preventing Blue Body Syndrome(BBS) in Litopenaeus vannamei
Wei Xuchong, Yi Huadong, Fu Guangxu, Bi Sheng, Zhang Zhilun, Chen Jiahui, Li Guifeng, Wang Haifang
Abstract:
为探讨虾青素在改善凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)蓝体综合征(Blue Body Syndrome, BBS)引起的体色异常、生长迟缓和体质虚弱中的作用机制，本研究在前期工作的基础上设计了2种虾青素添加水平饲料：0 mg/kg (对照组, CT)和100 mg/kg (虾青素组, AX)，在循环水养殖系统中投喂初始体重为0.77±0.27 g的幼虾60 d，并对两组对虾的体色、不同组织的虾青素含量、组织结构、生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫能力进行了系统比较与分析。结果显示：(1) CT组活体对虾体表呈现蓝色，表现出典型的蓝体综合征症状。而AX组活体对虾体表呈现浅褐色，处于正常状态。养殖期间，CT组对虾肝胰腺、甲壳、肌肉3个组织的总虾青素含量降低了21.51%。而AX组的总虾青素含量增加了95.17%，且肝胰腺、甲壳的虾青素含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。实验结束时，AX组的对虾蓝体比率为8.67%，小于CT组的76.00%。结果表明，外源供给虾青素显著增加了对虾的虾青素沉积量，并改善对虾体色，减少了蓝体综合征的发生。(2) 在CT组对虾的不同组织切片中，观察到肝胰腺细胞萎缩变形，肌肉肌纤维细胞排列疏松，肠道单层柱状上皮细胞脱落等病理变化，而AX组对虾的各组织结构未见异常。结果表明，蓝体综合征造成对虾多个重要组织的结构损伤，而外源供给虾青素有助于对虾维持不同组织的正常结构。(3) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性，生长相关基因igf-1, igf-2的相对表达量，生长性能均显著提高(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过增强对虾的消化酶活性和促进生长相关基因的表达，改善蓝体综合征引起的生长抑制。(4) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高(P<0.05)，丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过提高对虾的抗氧化酶活性，改善蓝体综合征引起的抗氧化功能失调。(5) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾免疫相关基因crustin、penaeidin 3a、proPO、relish的相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过促进免疫相关基因的表达，改善蓝体综合征引起的免疫抑制。综上，虾青素摄入不足引起的营养代谢紊乱是凡纳滨对虾蓝体综合征发生的重要原因。虾青素在对虾体内被优先用于强化其抗氧化防御系统，保护不同组织的结构与生理代谢活动，随后进行沉积着色，从而改善蓝体综合征引起的体色异常和生理功能紊乱。
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Study on the habitat suitability of Miichthys miiuy along the coast of Zhejiang
shen jia rong, jiang ri jin, cui ming yuan, yin rui, zhang hong liang, li qi qun, zhang yu rong
Abstract:
鮸(Miichthys miiuy) 是浙江近海主要的经济鱼类之一，为了解浙江近海鮸栖息地分布与环境因子的关系，本研究根据2022年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2023年2月(冬季)在浙江近海开展的渔业资源调查数据和同步采集的环境数据，确定了浙江近海鮸的适宜性指数(suitability index, SI)，通过提升树回归模型(boosting regression tree, BRT)赋予各环境因子权重，利用算术平均法(arithmetic mean model, AMM)和几何平均法(geometric mean model, GMM)分别构建栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index, HSI)模型。结果表明：2022~2023年浙江近海鮸栖息地存在季节性差异。春夏两季，鮸最适栖息于底层盐度范围为26.4~32.1的近岸水域；秋季，鮸最适栖息地向离岸侧移动，最适栖息于20~40 m的近海岛礁水域；冬季，鮸最适栖息于底层温度为11.0~14.1 ℃的近海深水区。浙江近海鮸栖息地时空分布的差异主要受环境因子和鮸生活习性的影响。
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The mechanism of carbonate alkaline exposure on growth performance, biochemical indices and liver metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
YUAN Fangying, HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, WANG Jing, LI Dongping, WANG Peng, SUN Yanchun
Abstract:
为了探讨碳酸盐碱环境暴露对鲫(Carassius auratus)生长性能与生理代谢的影响机制, 实验设置淡水对照组(Con)、20 mmol/L NaHCO3暴露组(T)和40 mmol/L NaHCO3暴露组(F), 在24±1℃下室内暴露56 d后, 采用生长指标和生化检测方法, 结合UPLC-QTOF/MS非靶向代谢组学技术, 从生长性能、抗氧化能力和代谢物的变化等研究角度, 对鲫进行碳酸盐碱暴露下生长、氧化应激和代谢组学变化特征分析, 以期对碳酸盐碱环境暴露下鲫的生长适应性策略进行评估。研究结果显示, 鲫的增重率、生长率以及饲料转化率等生长参数, 与碳酸盐碱浓度呈现负相关趋势。与此同时, 随着碳酸盐碱浓度的增加, 不仅超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等抗氧化酶的活力显著增加, 血氨、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)等生化参数的含量也明显升高。代谢组学研究结果显示, 碳酸盐碱暴露下差异代谢物(DEMs)参与多种代谢途径, 包括精氨酸生物合成、不饱和脂肪酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢和谷胱甘肽代谢等。综合上述研究结果, 我们发现, 在碳酸盐碱暴露下鲫肝靶器官中与生长发育、免疫防护、脂肪酸代谢相关的多条关键代谢通路发生紊乱, 造成鲫的氧化防御系统失衡, 引起肝组织损伤; 并且随着碳酸盐碱浓度的升高, 鲫的免疫防护能力进一步遭到破坏, 肝组织损伤呈加剧趋势, 这可能破坏了细胞膜的稳态, 导致细胞增殖活动受到限制, 进而严重阻碍了鲫正常的生长发育。本研究从生长指标和生化分析视角, 结合代谢组学研究, 阐明了碳酸盐碱环境对鲫生长性能及肝脏代谢的不良反应机制, 为盐碱水域中淡水硬骨鱼类的增养殖活动提供了科学依据。
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Optimization of anesthetic for safe transportation of juvenile Stichopus monotuberculatus and evaluation of anesthetic effect
Fenghaoran, Huanglianghua, Zhengbojun, Huangmaoning, Wujunhao, Xuqiang
Abstract:
花刺参（Stichopus monotuberculatus）因其对环境变化及人为刺激极为敏感，人工繁育的苗种在运输过程中有应激性强、死亡率高的问题，开发一种适宜的麻醉方法可减轻幼参在运输过程中的应激反应和死亡率。本研究比较了五种常见的渔用麻醉剂：丁香油、2-苯氧乙醇、硫酸镁、MS-222和氯化镁对花刺参幼参的麻醉效果。通过建立基于行为学指标的麻醉及恢复阶段评价方法，将整个麻醉过程分为轻度麻醉、中度麻醉、深度麻醉、轻度苏醒、中度苏醒和完全苏醒六个阶段。研究结果表明，丁香油、硫酸镁和氯化镁均能将花刺参幼参麻醉。其中，浓度0.2ml/L的丁香油对花刺参幼参的麻醉效果最好，0.02ml/L和0.04ml/L的浓度可提升花刺参幼参长时间运输的存活率。浓度0.5ml/L的丁香油对幼参的麻醉时间最短，为6.04±1.24min。应用浓度0.1mol/L的氯化镁麻醉剂，幼参进入深度麻醉时间最慢，为33.63±7.92min，而应用浓度0.25mol/L硫酸镁麻醉剂，幼参麻醉后达到完全苏醒时间最慢，为60.39±5.28min。高浓度的氯化镁和硫酸镁麻醉前后花刺参幼参体长无明显变化；MS-222和2-苯氧乙醇对花刺参幼参不具有麻醉作用。本文筛选出适宜花刺参幼参的麻醉剂为丁香油，浓度为0.02ml/L，可保证幼参60h长途运输后的有效恢复和高存活率，为花刺参苗种的长距离安全运输提供重要的技术保障。
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The research on the response of hemolymphocytes to nucleus-inserting stimulation and biomineralization function of Hyriopsis cumingii
SUN Junlin, CHEN Yiwen, CHEN Xiaofeng, LI Jiale, BAI Zhiyi, LI Wenjuan
Abstract:
为深入研究淡水珍珠贝三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)插核刺激对血淋巴细胞的影响及其在珍珠矿化中的功能，本研究通过光学和电子显微镜，探讨了三角帆蚌血淋巴细胞的形态和分类，根据细胞复杂性、细胞大小、核质比将其分为4种类型。通过吉姆萨染色和流式细胞术分析发现，插核刺激后血淋巴细胞的颗粒复杂度增加，细胞直径变大，颗粒细胞比例显著升高(P＜0.05)，透明细胞比例显著降低(P＜0.05)，同时通过组织切片观察，插核部位附近有大量血淋巴细胞聚集且颗粒细胞在插核部位被招募。血淋巴细胞和血清中的Ca2+含量在插核后2 d、5 d和10 d显著上升(P＜0.05)，20 d和50 d显著下降(P＜0.05)，揭示了血淋巴细胞在数量组成、分布和Ca2+水平上均响应插核育珠过程。通过体外碳酸钙结晶实验表明血淋巴细胞和血清能够影响方解石的形貌，但未改变晶体晶型。综上所述，血淋巴细胞对三角帆蚌插核刺激有迅速响应且对生物矿化过程有调控作用，本研究为进一步探究血淋巴细胞在贝类生物矿化中的调控作用奠定了理论基础。
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Study on artificial propagation and early development of Garra mirofronits
wangyuesong, yangyang, ganxing, yinhuazheng, pengli, zhangzhiwei, chengrui, chenfeng, shishaolong, mashu, zhangzhiming
Abstract:
为研究奇额墨头鱼的早期发育时序特征，丰富其繁殖生物学、发育生物学研究资料，为人工繁育和苗种规模化生产提供技术支撑。利用野外采集的奇额墨头鱼(Garra mirofronits)性成熟个体，通过人工催产及干法授精获得其受精卵，详细观察并记录其早期发育过程。共开展3次人工繁殖实验，平均催产率为100 %、受精率(89.93±0.72) %、孵化率(87.83±1.00) %。受精卵呈浅灰色，卵膜薄而透明，无黏性，卵径(1.12±0.04) mm，吸水膨胀后卵膜径达(3.37±0.09) mm，膨胀系数300.89%。水温18~21 ℃下，经24~26 h孵化出膜，孵化积温为496.04 ℃·h，历经受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、心脏搏动期和出膜期等9个时期。初孵仔鱼全长为(4.50±0.07) mm，肌节32对，卵黄囊仔鱼期历时5 d，全长特定生长率为9.22 %·d?1; 仔鱼期共历时16 d，全长特定生长率为7.02 %·d?1。奇额墨头鱼早期发育时序特征遵循硬骨鱼类发育的基本规律，符合漂流性卵胚胎发育的一般特点，为典型产漂流性卵鱼类。
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Mechanisms of α-Ketoglutarate's Effect on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Gut Microbiota in Carassius auratus Exposed to Carbonate-Alkaline Stress
HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, YUAN Fangying, ZHAO Yan, SUN Yanchun
Abstract:
为探究碳酸盐碱暴露下α-酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate, AKG)对鲫抗氧化酶、消化酶活性和肠道菌群的调控机制, 本研究结合生化分析与16S rRNA测序技术, 设计了5个实验组: 淡水组(C组)、两种盐碱暴露组(20 mmol/L NaHCO3, T组; 40 mmol/L NaHCO3, F组), 以及两种AKG调控组(20 mmol/L NaHCO3, TA组; 40 mmol/L NaHCO3, FA组)。研究结果表明, 随着碳酸盐碱浓度的增加, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著降低, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。此外, 鲫肠道的消化酶(淀粉酶AMS、胰蛋白酶CHY、脂肪酶LPS)活性亦出现不同程度的下降。外源补充AKG后, 鲫肠道的抗氧化酶和消化酶活性得到了显著恢复, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低。与C组相比, T组和F组的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度显著增加, 而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度显著下降; T组和F组的优势菌属分别为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanellaceae)。然而, 在AKG调控组(TA组和FA组)中, 变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度大幅下降, 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度上升, TA组的优势菌属转为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 而FA组的优势菌属仍然为希瓦氏菌属(Shewanellaceae)。综上所述, 本研究发现碳酸盐碱暴露导致了鲫肠道氧化应激反应, 并削弱了肠道菌群中有益菌的丰度。补充AKG能够通过增强抗氧化酶和消化酶活性、调节肠道有益菌群的组成, 有效缓解了碳酸盐型盐碱生境对鲫的毒性作用。本研究为精准调控营养功能饲料的创制和提高盐碱水资源的利用效率提供了新的理论依据和实践思路。
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Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia
YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming
Abstract:
本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。
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Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng
Abstract:
本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。
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1.3 RT-qPCR
zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei
Abstract:
毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。
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Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles
WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli
Abstract:
本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。
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Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay
Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang
Abstract:
通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。
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Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis
Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei
Abstract:
为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。
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