Volume 32,2025 Issue 1

研究论文

• Advances in fishery ecosystem dynamic modelling: A brief review

  ZHANG Chongliang, GUAN Lisha, ZHANG Kui

  2025,32(1):1-13, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0289

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  In recent years, the concept of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) has been widely recognized. The achievement of EBFM goals requires a deep understanding of the structure, function, and mechanisms of the ecosystem, as well as appropriate modeling methods to evaluate and predict the changes in biological resources and ecosystems. Fishery ecosystem dynamic models have developed in this context, aiming to investigate the structure and function of fishery ecosystems, and to evaluate the effects of environmental changes and human intervention. This category of models has gradually become the major tool for information synthesis, integration, and prediction in ecosystem research. The fishery ecosystem dynamic models have developed rapidly in the past 20 years, whereas due to their wide diversity, there are substantial difficulties in the selection, construction, and application of those models. This study traces the development of fishery ecosystem dynamic models, and briefly introduces representative models at the population, community, and ecosystem levels, respectively. The fishery ecosystem dynamic models bridge the gap between microcosmic processes and macroscopic phenomena, and serve as a crucial tool for revealing the regulatory mechanisms of ecosystems. In the future, the fishery ecosystem dynamic models need further development, and should be adjusted and improved based on our understanding of the ecosystem, technical foundations, and data sources, in order to provide supports for the practice of EBFM.

• Microsatellite analysis of genetic variation in different generations of Exopalaemon carinicauda breeding stock under low-salinity culture conditions

  ZHANG Xiaoyu, LIANG Junping, LI Zelong, LI Hui, WANG Xianfeng, LI Jitao

  2025,32(1):14-23, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0227

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  The ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) is an important small to medium-sized economic species. Due to its strong reproductive capacity, fast growth, and excellent environmental adaptability, it has gradually become the main species for the development of saltwater aquaculture modes in China. However, like many aquaculture industries, robust genetic foundations are essential to ensure the growth and economic performance of breeding stock. It is necessary to continuously monitor the genetic variation in broodstock to maintain long-term sustainability. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of four consecutive generations (GP2–GP5) of an E. carinicauda breeding stock from 2021 to 2023 to reveal the genetic variation of different generations under low-salinity culture conditions. The results were as follows. A total of 11 microsatellite loci were amplified, and 70 alleles were detected, with fragment lengths ranging from 138 to 296 bp, of which 10 loci were moderately to highly polymorphic. The average observed heterozygosity (H_o) of GP2–GP5 breeding stock was 0.504, 0.555, 0.499, and 0.416, respectively; the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.564, 0.546, 0.554, and 0.550, respectively; and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.518, 0.483, 0.489, and 0.490, respectively. The genetic diversity of white shrimp slightly declined with successive generations of breeding but remained at a moderate level. Genetic differentiation results indicated that the degree of genetic differentiation between adjacent generations gradually increased from GP2 to GP5, showing weak differentiation. Additionally, the sufficient genetic exchange (N_m=11.32–14.62) between adjacent generations of the breeding stock gradually decreased. Cluster analysis also showed differences in genetic composition between generations, with the optimal K value being 2. The effective population size of E. carinicauda in different generations ranged from 3.1 to 37.1 individuals, and inbreeding within the stock was detected (F_is=0.061–0.212). This study illustrated that although the genetic diversity of the second to fifth generations of E. carinicauda remained relatively rich under low-salilnity culture conditions, it slightly declined over several generations. However, the species still showed good breeding potential. The stock exhibits weaker genetic differentiation and unstable structure, necessitating continuous monitoring and reinforcement. In future breeding efforts, it is crucial to prevent a reduction in effective population size to avoid issues such as inbreeding within the stock. The results of this study provide genetic data essential for the next step in developing a breeding plan for new low-salilnity-tolerant white shrimp varieties.

• Gonadal development regularity and characteristics of Cephalopholis sonnerati under artificial breeding

  WANG Chongwei, LI Xue, LI Chaowei, LU Sheng, SONG Yu, LIU Yang, CHEN Songlin

  2025,32(1):24-34, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0299

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  As an important part of grouper culture, tomato hind (Cephalopholis sonnerati) is a rare fish species in China, which has a huge consumer market and broad prospects. Gonad samples of tomato hind from 30 to 380 days were observed using dissection and histological methods to investigate the early gonadal development, gonadal differentiation, and reproductive characteristics of tomato hind under artificial breeding. The results showed that tomato hind is a typical functional protogynous hermaphrodite species with asynchronous ovarian maturation and multiple spawning events. The oocytes can be divided into six phases, and the development of ovarian can be classified into six periods based on the largest transverse section area occupied by different phases of oocytes. Primitive ovarian cavity appeared at 45 days after hatching. The ovarian cavity was observed at 60 days after hatching, indicating the beginning of morphological differentiation of the ovaria. Oogonial began to proliferate at 150 days after hatching. The ovaries developed to stage II at 270 days after hatching, with phase II oocytes predominant and oogonial being activated to proliferate. The ovaries of tomato hind developed rapidly, reaching stage III at 310 days after hatching, and the volume of oocytes increased significantly. The ovaries reached stage IV at 380 days after hatching, when the volume of oocytes increased further and oocytes were filled with yolk. Ovaries of stage V were sampled during the breeding season. The nuclear membrane disappeared, and the yolk homogenized. After the breeding season, the ovaries reached stage VI, were dominated by phase II and III oocytes, and degeneration of oocyte were observed. In many cases, the occurrence of sex change is under social control, such as the disappearance of the dominant individual. Under artificial breeding conditions, sex reversal could occur before first sexual maturation at 380 days after hatching in tomato hind. The histology showed that most oocytes were in phases II and III in the early intersex traditional phase, while a few atretic oocytes, spermatocytes, and sperm cells could be observed. We speculated that the artificial breeding population of tomato hind was a new social group, which only had females at the beginning. Therefore, when the breeding season comes, some individuals will be induced by social factors to sex reversal. This study showed the gonad development and differentiation characteristics of tomato hind under artificial breeding, providing a reference for large-scale artificial breeding and a theoretical basis for sex control breeding.

• Effects of moderate feeding restriction on cannibalism in Takifugu rubripes

  ZHANG Zhijun, MA Qiang, LIANG Mengqing, XU Houguo, WEI Yuliang

  2025,32(1):35-47, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0230

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  The cannibalism of fish is closely related to stress responses, and aggressive behavior is also affected by the metabolism of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine. This study was conducted to study the growth, survival, bite marks on the body surface, stress response, and 5-HT and dopamine metabolism in Takifugu rubripes, aiming to explore the effect of moderate feed restriction on cannibalism. Uninjured juvenile Takifugu rubripes (18.61±0.05) g were selected in this experiment. The high amount of feed group (FH) was designed as fish fed four times a day to apparent satiation. The amount of feed was reduced to 85% (FM) and 70% (FL) of the FH group for the treatment groups. Each experimental diet was assigned to triplicate tanks with 30 fish per tank. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. Bite marks in surviving and dead fish fed the FH diet were observed, while the number was significantly lower compared to that in fish fed the FL and FM diets. The survival rate was significantly lower in the FL and FM groups with moderate feed restriction compared to that in the FH group, but there were no significant differences in final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate. Compared with the FH group, the levels of liver glycogen and serum glucose were significantly increased in the FL and FM groups. For the 5-HT pathway, the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was significantly reduced in the FL group, and relative expression levels of tat1, maob, and htr7 were significantly higher than that in the FM and FH groups. Additionally, relative expression levels of tph1a, tph2, and vmat2 in the FL group were significantly higher than those in the FM group. Compared to the FH group, the expression of tph2 in the FM group was significantly down-regulated, while the expression of ddc was significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, this study revealed that feed restriction was a key factor leading to the cannibalistic behavior of Takifugu rubripes with intact teeth. However, cannibalism was still observed after feeding four times a day to apparent satiation. Moderate feed restriction may exacerbate cannibalism and reduce survival rate by inhibiting the dopamine pathway in the brain. Additionally, Takifugu rubripes may cope with the stress of cannibalism induced by feed restriction via increasing liver glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis and enhancing 5-HT metabolism.

• Quantifying waste outputs of heavy-metals from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) farming and its ecological effects

  LIN LuJia, WANG Yan

  2025,32(1):48-59, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0248

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  The quantitative evaluation of the heavy metal waste output from marine fish farming can provide scientific data for improving industrial planning and farming management of aquaculture. In this study, we analyzed contents of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 48 samples of formulated feed and 144 samples large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) whole-fish collected from six net-pen feeding trials, and determined the retention efficiency and waste outputs of the heavy-metals for the first time using a modified nutritional model that has been widely used for assessing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) waste outputs of fish farming. The results showed that, the sequences were Mn (709.284 mg/kg)＞Fe (175.154 mg/kg)＞ Cu (34.215 mg/kg)＞Pb (7.339 mg/kg)＞Cr (0.688 mg/kg)＞Cd (0.413 mg/kg) for the content of the heavy-metals in the feed, Fe (10.187 mg/kg)＞Mn (2.392 mg/kg)＞Cu (0.581 mg/kg)＞Cr (0.464 mg/kg)＞Cd (0.014 mg/kg)＞Pb (0.013 mg/kg) for the content of the heavy-metals in the whole-fish body, Fe (6.36%)＞Cr (5.71%)＞Cd (4.58%)＞Pb (2.90%)＞Cu (1.75%)＞Mn (0.35%) for the retention efficiency of the heavy-metals, and Mn [0.9764 g/kg fish gain]＞Fe [0.1990 g/kg fish gain]＞Cu [0.0422 g/kg fish gain]＞Cr [0.0081 g/kg fish gain]＞Pb [0.0007 g/kg fish gain]＞Cd [0.0004 g/kg fish gain] for the waste outputs of fish farming. The heavy-metal contents depended on either the heavy-metal content in the feed or the retention efficiency of the heavy metals. Fe and Cr in whole-fish bodies were mainly affected by retention efficiency of these elements, while contents of Mn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in whole-fish were mainly affected by the feed content of these elements. The waste outputs of Fe, Cu, and Mn significantly positively correlated to wastes of N and P, respectively, suggesting that the wastes of Fe, Cu, and Mn increased with the increase of wastes of N and P. Considering the critical roles of N, P, and Fe as the nutrients limiting growth of phytoplankton and primary productivity in ocean, the results indicated that waste outputs of offshore aquaculture of large yellow croaker could remarkably elevate biomass of phytoplankton and primary productivity in ocean.

• Phytoplankton community structure of Apostichopus japonicus culti vation ponds based on environmental DNA technology in summer and autumn

  RUAN Shuchao, LIU Ziyu, YE Qi, HAN Lingshu, XIAO Haoran, DING Jun, WANG Luo, ZHAO Chong, YIN Donghong, CHANG Yaqing

  2025,32(1):60-73, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0204

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  Environmental DNA (eDNA) technology was applied to monitor six Apostichopus japonicus cultivation ponds during the summer and autumn of 2023 to investigate the phytoplankton community structure and its impact on the environment in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) cultivation ponds. The survey results showed that 8 phyla, 103 genera, and 162 species of phytoplankton were detected in the summer, while 8 phyla, 248 genera, and 465 species were recorded in the autumn. The phytoplankton species composition and relative abundance were dominated by Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta. A seasonal succession was observed in dominant species, with 41 dominant species identified, mainly belonging to Dinoflagellata, Chlorophyta, and Bacillario phyta. The biodiversity and evenness indices of phytoplankton were lower in summer than in autumn, whereas the richness index was higher in summer. According to biodiversity indices, the A. japonicus cultivation ponds were classified as lightly to moderately polluted during the study period. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the phytoplan kton community structure and environmental factors revealed that the relative abundances of Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, and Chlorophyta were positively correlated with nitrate concentration, phosphate concentration, and total phosphorus, nitrate, and ammonia nitrogen, respectively. These findings provided a scientific basis for environmental regulation in A. japonicus cultivation.

• Study on the habitat suitability of south Indian Ocean albacore tuna based on the deep scattering layer

  WAN Shujie, LI Guodong, CHEN Xinjun

  2025,32(1):74-82, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0235

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  This study used a generalized additive model (GAM) and habitat suitability indices to study the relationship between the Indian Ocean albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) habitat and the deep scattering layer based on the fishing yield data, acoustic survey data, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration from 2011 to 2020 in the south Indian Ocean. A comparative analysis was conducted on the effects of different environmental factors on the habitat suitability index of albacore tuna. The GAM results showed that the deviance explanations of the combination of deep scattering layer, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll concentration were the highest at 42.60%. The highly suitable areas (HSI＞0.6) for the habitat of albacore tuna were generally distributed between 20°S and 35°S. The highest correlation between the high HSI level (HSI＞0.6) of the combination of deep scattering layer and sea surface temperature and the yield of albacore tuna in 2021 was 0.542. The results suggested that the deep scattering layer improved the variance explained by environmental factors on the yield of albacore tuna and had a high correlation with high catch areas. This study provided a new reference for the distribution of Indian Ocean albacore tuna resources.

• Analysis of feeding differences on fouling organisms of representative fish species in Dongshan Bay, Fujian by high-throughput sequencing

  TAN Qingyuan, ZHANG Fangyuan, ZHANG Tao, ZHAO Feng, YANG Gang

  2025,32(1):83-92, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0243

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  Biofouling refers to the phenomenon where fouling organisms attach to and accumulate on artificial surfaces, adversely impacting human production activities. In recent years, the economic losses caused by biofouling have accounted for a substantial portion of the production costs in China’s mariculture industry. However, current control technologies remain inadequate, highlighting the urgent need to develop green and sustainable control strategies tailored to marine aquaculture environment. Using trophic cascade effects to control fouling organisms has become a focal point of recent research. This approach enables the selection of different biological agents based on the specific environmental characteristics of a given marine area, achieving effective control of fouling organisms while also providing certain economic benefits. This study focused on the selection of representative fish species including Siganus canaliculatus, Sparus latus, Rhabdosargus sarba, and Triacanthus biaculeatus, from the Dongshan Bay region of the Fujian Province, to evaluate their potential as ecological controllers of biofouling in Dongshan Bay. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the 18S rDNA gene sequences within the digestive tracts of these four fish species to elucidate their dietary composition and assess the differences in their consumption of fouling organisms. The results indicated significant differences in the dietary composition of the four fish species. Triacanthus biaculeatus predominantly consumed osteichthyes, displaying a strong carnivorous preference, while Siganus canaliculatus, Sparus latus, and Rhabdosargus sarba exhibited omnivorous feeding habits. Notably, Sparus latus showed a preference for herbivorous diet, while Rhabdosargus sarba tended towards carnivorous prey. Of particular interest is the finding that Siganus canaliculatus demonstrated an obvious preference for consuming fouling organisms, particularly ascidians, as a major component of its diet. Furthermore, the study revealed that larger individuals of Siganus canaliculatus [(180±2) mm] consumed a greater quantity and variety of ascidians than smaller individuals [(120±2) mm]. This study highlights the potential application of Siganus canaliculatus in the ecological control of biofouling, providing new scientific insights and theoretical support for the development of ecological biofouling control strategies and methods.

• Study on the potential suitable areas of Setipinna taty in Zhejiang coastal sea area based on MaxEnt model

  LI Qiqun, JIANG Rijin, ZHAO Peng, ZHANG Qiuhong, LIU Mingzhi, SHEN Jiarong, ZHANG Hongliang, ZHU Wenbin, LONG Xiangyu

  2025,32(1):93-102, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0252

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  There are many coastal islands in Zhejiang Province. Affected by multiple factors such as Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current, Taiwan Warm Current, and diluted river water, an ecological environment with abundant nutrients and sufficient food, which provides an ideal habitat and food source for many marine organisms, has been formed. Fish adapt significantly to these environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, depth, chlorophyll a concentration, and pH, and usually only grow and reproduce in specific environments. Therefore, it is of positive significance for the sustainable utilization of fishery resources and fishery management to study the selection of suitable areas for fish and its relationship with environmental factors and to predict the distribution of the potentially suitable areas. Setipinna taty is widely distributed in the coastal waters of China. It has attracted much attention due to its rapid growth, early sexual maturity, and strong resource recovery ability. In recent years, the fishing species in Zhejiang coastal waters have gradually shifted to small fish due to the decline of fishery resources. As one of the main fishing species in Zhejiang coastal waters at present, the protection and sustainable utilization of Setipinna taty resources are particularly important. However, there is still a lack of research on the distribution of potential suitable areas of Setipinna taty. Based on 81 distribution points recorded during the bottom trawl survey of the spawning ground in the offshore area of Zhejiang Province, in combination with six marine environmental data such as salinity, chlorophyll a, and primary productivity, we used the maximum entropy model to predict the spatial distribution of the potentially suitable areas of Setipinna taty, explore the relationship between its distribution and the main influencing factors, and comprehend the distribution characteristics of Setipinna taty The research also explored the relationship between its distribution and major influencing factors. The results were as follows: (1) The MaxEnt model demonstrated good prediction accuracy and reliability (AUC=0.812) for simulating potentially suitable areas for Setipinna taty. (2) Salinity, chlorophyll a, and primary productivity were identified as key factors affecting the distribution of potentially suitable areas for Setipinna taty; among them, the percent contribution of salinity was the highest (PC=49.10%), which was an important factor affecting its distribution. (3) The high suitability areas for Setipinna taty were concentrated in the north of Zhoushan fishing ground, the waters around Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan County, Sanmen County, and the coastal waters of Wenzhou, accounting for approximately 22.88% of the sea area. The remainder of the potential suitability area was centered around the high suitability area. The objective of this study was to offer a theoretical foundation for the protection and sustainable utilization of Setipinna taty resource in the coastal waters of Zhejiang. In addition, the important role of environmental factors in fish distribution was revealed by predicting the potential suitable area of Setipinna taty in the coastal waters of Zhejiang. We should fully consider and monitor the changes in key environmental factors in future protection of fishery resources to ensure the sustainable development of fishery resources.

• Antiviral activity of Cirsium japonicum aqueous extract (CJAE) against largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV)

  MA Yanping, HAO Le, FENG Guoqing, WANG Gang, LIU Zhenxing

  2025,32(1):103-116, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0264

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  Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) is widely prevalent in China, seriously threatening the safety of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) aquaculture. Chinese herbal medicines have become important for screening LMBV prevention and treatment drugs. Many natural medicine plants have been shown to have direct or indirect antiviral effects. Natural medicine plants can directly impair the virus architecture, hinder the virus invasion, or block the virus entry. In multiple cases, natural medicine plant ingredients have been confirmed to inhibit the virus by stimulating the host’s innate immune responses. Cirsium japonicum has many biological activities such as antivirus and anti-inflammation properties. The anti-LMBV effect of Cirsium japonicum aqueous extract (CJAE) was analyzed in vitro and in vivo to investigate the inhibitory effect on LMBV. CCK-8 tests determined that the safe concentration of CJAE on Siniperca chuatsi brain cells (SCB3) was ≤1000 μg/mL, and CC₅₀ value was 1487.0 μg/mL. The qPCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that CJAE could effectively inhibit the synthesis of viral nucleic acid and MCP protein in SCB3 cells, and the EC50 value was 457.3 μg/mL. Moreover, the inhibition rates of CJAE on LMBV invasion and replication were 98.46% and 99.31%, respectively. CJAE was added to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% to feed largemouth bass twice daily for 15 days. Then a challenge test (1×10⁶ TCID₅₀ LMBV) was conducted. Feeding CJAE could provide 35%–60% RPS and reduced the viral load of spleen, liver, kidney and intestine of largemouth bass by 87.57%–99.99% through tissue virus copy number determination, which differed significantly from that in the control group (P＜0.01). CJAE increased the phagocytic activity of head kidney leukocytes by 35.88%–60.75% through phagocytosis assay, and activated the expression of phagocytosis-related genes (FcγRIa, CFL and Lyn) through mRNA expression determination; CJAE significantly improved the inflammation of largemouth bass caused by LMBV infection through tissue H&E staining. Further studies showed that CJAE significantly activated the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-a and IL-1β). This study explored the anti-LMBV activity and underlying mechanisms of CJAE and supplied new insights for screening anti-LMBV drugs. This study provides a basis for using CJAE to prevent LMBV infection in production and further analysis of anti-LMBV active ingredients in CJAE.

• Establishment of a highly sensitive one-step PCR assay for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Procambarus clarkii based on the vp19 gene

  Chen Nan, Luo Xiaohong, Liao Mingcong, Hu Ruixue, Li Dan, Gu Zemao

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  白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）是危害克氏原螯虾养殖的重要病原。本研究旨在针对该病毒早期检测和诊断速度慢、灵敏度不高、不便捷等问题，建立新的WSSV一步式PCR检测方法。该方法基于WSSV主要囊膜蛋白VP19的基因保守序列设计引物，建立方法并针对分析特异性、分析灵敏度、诊断特异性、诊断灵敏度开展了与WOAH巢式PCR方法的比较评估。结果表明，本方法对WSSV具有高分析特异性，仅在阳性样本中扩增出196 bp条带，与传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒等其它常见水产病原无交叉反应。分析灵敏度测试显示，以WSSV标准质粒为模板时，本方法理论检出限低至1.83 copies/μL；以田间样品混合DNA为模板时，最低检出限达0.82 fg/μL，均优于WOAH推荐巢式PCR方法。同时，我们以WOAH Taqman qPCR方法为标准，比较了本方法和巢式PCR对317份田间样品的检测结果，本方法的诊断特异性为97.01%，诊断灵敏度为95.08%，均优于巢式PCR。综上所述，本研究建立的一步式PCR检测方法具有高特异性和高灵敏度的优点，适用于克氏原螯虾WSSV周年监测和快速诊断，能够为有效防控WSSV相关流行病提供重要的技术支持。

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• Research on the hydraulic characteristics of large land-based high-position circular aquaculture tank for pollution collection

  GUI Fukun, CHEN Jianeng, FENG Dejun, NAN Hailin, ZHOU Qixian, ZHANG Qingjing, WU Yanfei

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  为探究推水器作用下大尺寸陆基高位圆池内的水动力特性。通过进行现场试验,设计了3组推水器布设角度(与池壁的相对角度,θ = 0°、20°、45°),每组角度工况下设置7组推水器数量(n = 2、3、4、6、8、10、12)。利用“小威龙”声学多普勒流速仪测量池内表、中、底三个不同水层(h = 30 cm、60 cm、90 cm)的流速分布,从平均流速、养殖池均匀系数U等方面分析养殖池内水动力特性的变化。结果表明：推水器设置方式对流场和水动力特性影响显著,在布设12个推水器的情况下,当布设角度θ为0°时,池中央存在大面积的低流速区,不同水层的养殖池均匀系数集中在0.15～0.25之间,水体混合效果较差。布设角度θ从20°增大到45°时,池内低流速区面积随着角度增大而减小,布设角度为45°时各个工况下的平均流速都超过了0.047 m/s,养殖池均匀系数都在0.3以上,养殖池流场分布最为均匀,池内高流速区面积显著扩大。布设角度θ为45°时,当推水器布设数量n > 2,推水器数量的变化对池内流场分布的影响没有明显差异。相对于布设数量n上的变化,布设角度θ会对池内流场变化带来更明显的影响。本研究结果可为大尺寸圆形养殖池内推水器布设方式的优化提供理论依据。

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• A study on the impact of hydrological connectivity in the Chongming Dongtan tidal creek system of the Yangtze River Estuary on fish community distribution

  feishujie, zhangtingting, zhaofeng, zhangtao, yanggang, wangsikai

  Abstract: (2) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  水文连通性是指示河口湿地生态系统健康和功能的重要特征之一,其对河口鱼类群落的分布具有重要影响。本文选取了水文动态、景观维度上的2类共12个水文连通性指标,探索了河口湿地潮沟系统的水文连通性的差异性及鱼类群落对不同水文连通性栖息地的偏好,旨在为河口湿地的生态修复、生物多样性保护和水资源管理提供科学依据。结果表明：在不同潮汐条件下,河口湿地潮沟系统的水文连通性对鱼类群落的分布具有显著影响,潮差、淹没时长、节点数、河链数和节点连接率β等被识别为关键影响因素。进一步的典型相关分析分析(CCA),可将潮沟系统内部样点区域分为大潮高连通区、大潮低连通区、小潮高连通区、小潮低连通区和长期淹没区,共5类不同水文连通性区域,并且鱼类物种对不同水文连通区域的偏好各异,这些偏好与鱼类的游泳能力、个体大小和摄食行为等相关。例如,大鳞鲴(Xenocypris macrolepis)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)等鱼类对水体水流环境适应力强,偏好利用涨落潮进出潮沟觅食,倾向于在大潮高水文连通区域栖息。中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)和鲻科(Mugilidae)等是具有较强的溯水能力的鱼类,虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)偏好深入潮沟系统内部更稳定的水体觅食或栖息,它们倾向于在淹水时长较长的小潮高水文连通区域栖息。刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、大银鱼(Protosalanx chinensis)等幼鱼,对水深有一定的要求,不喜进入潮沟内部,偏好栖息在潮沟口或近岸的区域。研究结果表明了河口潮沟鱼类在潮汐作用下,对不同水文连通性栖息地的具有主动选择和适应性,为河口湿地的生态修复和鱼类生物多样性保护提供了科学依据,有助于在湿地水资源管理中制定调节水文连通性策略,以促进生态系统的可持续发展。

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• Transcriptomics investigation of the mechanism of temperature effects on the embryonic development of Eriocheir sinensis

  CUI Chaoyue, GENG Zhi, FENG Guangpeng, ZHANG Tao, ZHAO Feng, YANG Gang, ZHUANG Ping, HUANG Xiaorong

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）是我国重要的经济蟹类，具有典型的洄游习性，每年需经历数月洄游至长江口进行繁殖活动，温度是影响其胚胎发育的关键环境因子之一。本研究通过设置恒温9℃、恒温15℃以及从9℃逐渐升高至15℃三个实验组，查明每个实验组胚胎发育的时间和有效积温，并利用转录组学技术揭示了温度对中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的分子调控机制。结果表明，温度显著影响胚胎发育进程及有效积温，在恒温9℃时，胚胎停滞在卵裂期不发育，其有效积温为1961.95 h·℃；温度从9℃逐渐升高至15℃时，胚胎能够发育至原溞状幼体期，且与恒温15℃组相比，胚胎发育时间缩短了144h，有效积温缩短了1303.77 h·℃。温度变化显著影响了胚胎发育相关基因的表达模式，当温度从9℃升高至15℃时，与胚胎发育相关的间隔基因（LOC126998238）显著下调，功能通路主要富集在内质网蛋白靶向；在恒温15℃下，胚胎中的母体效应基因（LOC126984051）则显著上调，功能通路主要富集在小分子代谢。研究表明，在一定范围内，胚胎发育随温度升高而加快，与恒温条件相比，变温能显著影响胚胎发育相关基因的表达及功能通路的富集，从而促进中华绒螯蟹胚胎的发育。

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• Evaluation of self and hybrid culture edible rate, quality and toxic heavy metals of male Chinese mitten crab reared in cold regions

  Sujunjie, Wangshihui, Zhangshuqi, Zhaozhigang, Luoliang, Zhangrui, Guokun

  Abstract: (6) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为筛选适宜在寒地养殖的河蟹种质并评价其品质特征，本研究对三种配组河蟹(辽河自交LL、长江自交YY、辽河♀×长江♂杂交LY)扣蟹进行为期5个月的养殖，获得成体雄蟹并比较了可食率、肥满度、色泽、常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、游离氨基酸组成、矿物质元素组成以及有毒重金属元素。结果表明：LY的出肉率MY和总可食率TEY显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；YY和LY头胸甲红度值、肝胰腺亮度值均显著高于LL (P< 0.05)，LY肝胰腺黄度值显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的粗蛋白含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY肝胰腺中∑PUFA、∑EFA、n-3/n-6 PUFA和DHA/EPA高于其余两组； LY性腺系统中脯氨酸Pro含量、肌肉中丙氨酸Ala和脯氨酸Pro含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总苦味氨基酸∑TBV相对较少；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总矿物质元素∑TME显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，LY的铁Fe和锌Zn含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LL、YY和和LY中有毒重金属元素含量远低于食品中污染物限量国家标准。综上所述，虽然LL肝胰腺指数HSI和性腺指数GSI较高，LL在肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂含量和∑EFAA高于其余两组，YY肝胰腺和性腺系统中的灰分含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，但LY在绝大多数大部分指标上更占据优势，表现出更高的营养价值和食用安全性。

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• The Pilot Application of Astaxanthin in Preventing Blue Body Syndrome(BBS) in Litopenaeus vannamei

  Wei Xuchong, Yi Huadong, Fu Guangxu, Bi Sheng, Zhang Zhilun, Chen Jiahui, Li Guifeng, Wang Haifang

  Abstract: (7) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨虾青素在改善凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)蓝体综合征(Blue Body Syndrome, BBS)引起的体色异常、生长迟缓和体质虚弱中的作用机制，本研究在前期工作的基础上设计了2种虾青素添加水平饲料：0 mg/kg (对照组, CT)和100 mg/kg (虾青素组, AX)，在循环水养殖系统中投喂初始体重为0.77±0.27 g的幼虾60 d，并对两组对虾的体色、不同组织的虾青素含量、组织结构、生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫能力进行了系统比较与分析。结果显示：(1) CT组活体对虾体表呈现蓝色，表现出典型的蓝体综合征症状。而AX组活体对虾体表呈现浅褐色，处于正常状态。养殖期间，CT组对虾肝胰腺、甲壳、肌肉3个组织的总虾青素含量降低了21.51%。而AX组的总虾青素含量增加了95.17%，且肝胰腺、甲壳的虾青素含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。实验结束时，AX组的对虾蓝体比率为8.67%，小于CT组的76.00%。结果表明，外源供给虾青素显著增加了对虾的虾青素沉积量，并改善对虾体色，减少了蓝体综合征的发生。(2) 在CT组对虾的不同组织切片中，观察到肝胰腺细胞萎缩变形，肌肉肌纤维细胞排列疏松，肠道单层柱状上皮细胞脱落等病理变化，而AX组对虾的各组织结构未见异常。结果表明，蓝体综合征造成对虾多个重要组织的结构损伤，而外源供给虾青素有助于对虾维持不同组织的正常结构。(3) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性，生长相关基因igf-1, igf-2的相对表达量，生长性能均显著提高(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过增强对虾的消化酶活性和促进生长相关基因的表达，改善蓝体综合征引起的生长抑制。(4) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高(P<0.05)，丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过提高对虾的抗氧化酶活性，改善蓝体综合征引起的抗氧化功能失调。(5) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾免疫相关基因crustin、penaeidin 3a、proPO、relish的相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过促进免疫相关基因的表达，改善蓝体综合征引起的免疫抑制。综上，虾青素摄入不足引起的营养代谢紊乱是凡纳滨对虾蓝体综合征发生的重要原因。虾青素在对虾体内被优先用于强化其抗氧化防御系统，保护不同组织的结构与生理代谢活动，随后进行沉积着色，从而改善蓝体综合征引起的体色异常和生理功能紊乱。

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• Study of Feeding Strategy and Crucial Morphological Changes of Artemia under Indoor Mass Culture Conditions

  luyulong, yanxinrong, wanxuerui, dongkaoshuai, mahaoran, gaomeirong, wuxinhua, suiliying

  Abstract: (20) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究探究了在室内高密度养殖生产高质量、规格均一卤虫的投喂策略,明确了高密度养殖中卤虫形态发育变化的关键期。首先在10 L锥形养殖桶中,以等鞭金藻为基础饵料,养殖中后期补充颗粒大小为25~30 μm的人工饵料养殖卤虫,设置3.33 g(X-0.5)、6.70 g(X-1)和10.02 g(X-1.5)三个总投喂量,测定不同投喂量下卤虫的生长和水体总氮和无机氮含量变化。结果表明,当投喂量为X-1和X-1.5时,卤虫体长及生物量显著高于X-0.5(P＜0.05)。养殖过程中NO2-^-N、NH4+^-N和TN整体变化趋势保持一致,但NO3-^-N变化趋势存在差异,当投喂量为X-0.5时,NO3-^-N有升高趋势；投喂量为X-1时,NO3-^-N趋势变化平稳；投喂量为X-1.5时,NO3-^-N有下降趋势。总体而言,高氮养殖环境未对卤虫养殖产生不良影响。之后将X-1投喂量应用于1吨水体卤虫养殖13天,明确了养殖过程中的附肢发育期和第二触角退化期两个关键时期,此时卤虫存活率易发生大幅下降。养殖结束后,卤虫存活率为72.3±1.2%,生物量为2230±112.7 g,平均体长为7.24±0.09 mm。人工养殖卤虫的粗蛋白含量为52.28±0.19%干重,粗脂肪含量为17.64±7.01%干重,EPA含量为7.56±1.51 mg/g干重,均高于渤海湾盐田卤虫成虫。综上,卤虫养殖前期使用粒径较小且易消化的单胞藻,中后期适量投喂人工饲料,可实现稳定的卤虫产量,养殖过程中应密切关注关键时期卤虫的密度变化。本研究结果不仅为卤虫室内规模化养殖提供策略指导,而且为实验动物卤虫的科学研究中获得数量稳定的健康卤虫提供方法参考。

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• Research progress on key enzyme genes involved in DHA biosynthesis and their transcriptional regulation in fish

  HU Xuesong, ZHONG Dawei, JIA Zhiying

  Abstract: (20) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) (22:6n-3)是近年来备受人们关注的一种n-3型长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, LC-PUFA)，在婴幼儿脑和视力发育中不可或缺，并具有调节血脂、抑制肿瘤生长和预防阿尔茨海默症等生理功能。鱼类是人们获取DHA的重要来源。然而，随着野生海洋鱼类资源的下降和养殖鱼类产量的不断攀升，未来从养殖鱼类中获取DHA的比重预计将显著提升。新近研究表明，基于对DHA合成核心因子及其调控机制的深入解析，通过基因操作或选育等手段有望提高养殖鱼类DHA的内源合成能力，从而减少饲料中鱼油的配比，并增加鱼体DHA含量。在LC-PUFAs合成过程中，碳链延长酶(elongases of very long-chain fatty acid, Elovl)和脂肪酸去饱和酶(fatty acid desaturases, Fads)分别通过延长碳链和引入双键，发挥着重要作用。本文综述了鱼类DHA合成途径及在各节点起关键作用的Elovl和Fads基因家族成员；探讨了这些基因的分工、功能的补偿和多样性；在启动子水平分析了转录因子对上述关键酶基因的不同调控模式及其对DHA合成的影响。本文旨为利用基因编辑或分子模块设计等技术开展养殖鱼类DHA合成能力的遗传改良和精准育种提供理论参考。

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• Study on the habitat suitability of Miichthys miiuy along the coast of Zhejiang

  shen jia rong, jiang ri jin, cui ming yuan, yin rui, zhang hong liang, li qi qun, zhang yu rong

  Abstract: (25) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  鮸(Miichthys miiuy) 是浙江近海主要的经济鱼类之一，为了解浙江近海鮸栖息地分布与环境因子的关系，本研究根据2022年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2023年2月(冬季)在浙江近海开展的渔业资源调查数据和同步采集的环境数据，确定了浙江近海鮸的适宜性指数(suitability index, SI)，通过提升树回归模型(boosting regression tree, BRT)赋予各环境因子权重，利用算术平均法(arithmetic mean model, AMM)和几何平均法(geometric mean model, GMM)分别构建栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index, HSI)模型。结果表明：2022~2023年浙江近海鮸栖息地存在季节性差异。春夏两季，鮸最适栖息于底层盐度范围为26.4~32.1的近岸水域；秋季，鮸最适栖息地向离岸侧移动，最适栖息于20~40 m的近海岛礁水域；冬季，鮸最适栖息于底层温度为11.0~14.1 ℃的近海深水区。浙江近海鮸栖息地时空分布的差异主要受环境因子和鮸生活习性的影响。

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• The mechanism of carbonate alkaline exposure on growth performance, biochemical indices and liver metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

  YUAN Fangying, HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, WANG Jing, LI Dongping, WANG Peng, SUN Yanchun

  Abstract: (41) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了探讨碳酸盐碱环境暴露对鲫(Carassius auratus)生长性能与生理代谢的影响机制, 实验设置淡水对照组(Con)、20 mmol/L NaHCO3暴露组(T)和40 mmol/L NaHCO3暴露组(F), 在24±1℃下室内暴露56 d后, 采用生长指标和生化检测方法, 结合UPLC-QTOF/MS非靶向代谢组学技术, 从生长性能、抗氧化能力和代谢物的变化等研究角度, 对鲫进行碳酸盐碱暴露下生长、氧化应激和代谢组学变化特征分析, 以期对碳酸盐碱环境暴露下鲫的生长适应性策略进行评估。研究结果显示, 鲫的增重率、生长率以及饲料转化率等生长参数, 与碳酸盐碱浓度呈现负相关趋势。与此同时, 随着碳酸盐碱浓度的增加, 不仅超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等抗氧化酶的活力显著增加, 血氨、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)等生化参数的含量也明显升高。代谢组学研究结果显示, 碳酸盐碱暴露下差异代谢物(DEMs)参与多种代谢途径, 包括精氨酸生物合成、不饱和脂肪酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢和谷胱甘肽代谢等。综合上述研究结果, 我们发现, 在碳酸盐碱暴露下鲫肝靶器官中与生长发育、免疫防护、脂肪酸代谢相关的多条关键代谢通路发生紊乱, 造成鲫的氧化防御系统失衡, 引起肝组织损伤; 并且随着碳酸盐碱浓度的升高, 鲫的免疫防护能力进一步遭到破坏, 肝组织损伤呈加剧趋势, 这可能破坏了细胞膜的稳态, 导致细胞增殖活动受到限制, 进而严重阻碍了鲫正常的生长发育。本研究从生长指标和生化分析视角, 结合代谢组学研究, 阐明了碳酸盐碱环境对鲫生长性能及肝脏代谢的不良反应机制, 为盐碱水域中淡水硬骨鱼类的增养殖活动提供了科学依据。

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• Study on chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton carbon sequestration capacity in marine ranching based on satellite remote sensing

  CUI-Guanwei, TANG-Yanli

  Abstract: (55) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  海洋牧场基于生态学原理，通过投放人工鱼礁等工程设施，在适宜海域构建兼具环境保护、资源养护和渔业产出功能的生态系统，促进海洋生物增殖和栖息，是扩增渔业水域生态系统碳汇的有效途径。本文结合卫星遥感和原位采样，分析海洋牧场的叶绿素a（Chl-a）浓度及浮游植物固碳的时空变化，并运用广义可加模型（Generalized Additive Model, GAM）探讨环境因子对固碳强度的影响。结果显示，（1）遥感数据与原位数据的Chl-a浓度、海表温度（Sea surface temperature, SST）变化趋势基本一致；（2）海洋牧场建成后，Chl-a浓度在季节和空间上发生显著变化，呈现"M"型双峰结构（高峰分别为夏、秋季过渡期和冬、春季过渡期），整体浓度水平显著高于建成前及对照区；（3）固碳强度存在显著的时空分布差异，夏季（6月）出现高峰，整体水平同样显著高于对照区，海洋牧场全年总固碳量为1.85×10^6 kgC；（4）最优GAM模型中，pH、硅酸盐、溶解氧、盐度和纬度对固碳强度有显著影响。

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• Study On The Sources Of Occurrence Floating S.horneri In The Coastal Waters Of Gouqi Island

  zhuweidong, yangqifan, wanghuijie, miaohang, liufengyu, qinpengjie, biyuanxin

  Abstract: (60) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究枸杞岛近岸海域漂浮铜藻(Sargassum horneri)发生量及其来源，本研究以枸杞岛筏架定生和底栖铜藻为研究对象，根据定生铜藻生长、气囊形成时间及生物量变化规律，从源头上解析漂浮铜藻发生时间、生物量及漂浮路径。结果表明：(1)来源于筏架定生的漂浮铜藻形成时间比来源于底栖的漂浮铜藻早5—6个月，枸杞岛近岸海域约99.4 %的漂浮铜藻生物量来源于筏架定生铜藻，而底栖铜藻形成的漂浮铜藻生物量仅占0.6 %。(2)筏架定生铜藻脱离附着基后形成的漂浮铜藻株数约22×106 株，生物量约141938 t，经估算仅枸杞岛筏架定生来源的漂浮铜藻生物量约占东海区漂浮铜藻总量的23.4 %，来源于底栖铜藻占0.13 %。(3)结合我国不同区域定生铜藻生物量、漂浮铜藻出现时间、潮流及长江环锋影响铜藻漂浮路径等因素分析，我国漂浮铜藻可能有两条路径来源，北面来源为辽东半岛和山东附近海域，南面为长江河口以南区域。以上研究结果为解析枸杞岛近岸海域漂浮铜藻发生量来源及发生可能性上提供了参考，同时也为“金潮”溯源提供了一定依据。

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• Optimization of anesthetic for safe transportation of juvenile Stichopus monotuberculatus and evaluation of anesthetic effect

  Fenghaoran, Huanglianghua, Zhengbojun, Huangmaoning, Wujunhao, Xuqiang

  Abstract: (41) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  花刺参（Stichopus monotuberculatus）因其对环境变化及人为刺激极为敏感，人工繁育的苗种在运输过程中有应激性强、死亡率高的问题，开发一种适宜的麻醉方法可减轻幼参在运输过程中的应激反应和死亡率。本研究比较了五种常见的渔用麻醉剂：丁香油、2-苯氧乙醇、硫酸镁、MS-222和氯化镁对花刺参幼参的麻醉效果。通过建立基于行为学指标的麻醉及恢复阶段评价方法，将整个麻醉过程分为轻度麻醉、中度麻醉、深度麻醉、轻度苏醒、中度苏醒和完全苏醒六个阶段。研究结果表明，丁香油、硫酸镁和氯化镁均能将花刺参幼参麻醉。其中，浓度0.2ml/L的丁香油对花刺参幼参的麻醉效果最好，0.02ml/L和0.04ml/L的浓度可提升花刺参幼参长时间运输的存活率。浓度0.5ml/L的丁香油对幼参的麻醉时间最短，为6.04±1.24min。应用浓度0.1mol/L的氯化镁麻醉剂，幼参进入深度麻醉时间最慢，为33.63±7.92min，而应用浓度0.25mol/L硫酸镁麻醉剂，幼参麻醉后达到完全苏醒时间最慢，为60.39±5.28min。高浓度的氯化镁和硫酸镁麻醉前后花刺参幼参体长无明显变化；MS-222和2-苯氧乙醇对花刺参幼参不具有麻醉作用。本文筛选出适宜花刺参幼参的麻醉剂为丁香油，浓度为0.02ml/L，可保证幼参60h长途运输后的有效恢复和高存活率，为花刺参苗种的长距离安全运输提供重要的技术保障。

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• Characteristics of the cyp19a Gene and Functional Analysis in the Sexual Gland Development of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

  xiaoxiaofang, lishengjie, liuqingshan, dujinxing, leicaixia, zhutao, tianjing, songhongmei

  Abstract: (56) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究cyp19a基因在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)性别分化和性腺发育过程中的表达模式和作用机制，本研究通过RACE技术克隆cyp19a基因全长cDNA序列，采用qRT-PCR技术检测cyp19a基因在草鱼发育不同时期性腺组织和成鱼各组织中的表达模式，合成cyp19a-dsRNA并对雌性草鱼进行RNA干扰实验，对照组注射等量生理盐水，检测性腺组织中性别相关基因的表达量和血清性类固醇激素含量。结果显示，草鱼cyp19a的cDNA序列全长为2268bp，其中开放阅读框(Open reading frame，ORF)长1554bp，5’非编码区(Untranslated region，UTR)48bp，3’UTR 617bp，编码517个氨基酸。草鱼cyp19a基因在性腺中表达量最高，其次是肌肉、脑和心脏组织。不同发育时期的性腺中，cyp19a在卵巢中的表达水平均显著高于精巢(P < 0.05)，且在4龄时达到峰值，表明该基因在草鱼卵巢的发育和成熟过程中起关键作用。按5μg/g注射 cyp19a-dsRNA沉默干扰后5天，dsRNA注射组cyp19a表达量与对照组雌鱼相比显著降低(P < 0.05)，靶基因沉默效率在1d时为59.72%，之后逐步上升。与对照组雌鱼相比，dsRNA注射组在1～3d时foxl2a和foxl2b表达量显著上调(P < 0.05)，dmrt1表达量下调(P > 0.05)，amh表达量显著下调(P < 0.05)，并在干扰后4～5d时foxl2a、foxl2b、dmrt1和amh的表达量逐步恢复至接近对照组水平(P > 0.05)；此外，注射组血清中雌二醇(estradilol，E2)含量相比对照组雌鱼显著下降(P < 0.05)，睾酮(testosterone，T)含量显著上升(P < 0.05)。综上，草鱼cyp19a可能通过负反馈调控foxl2a和foxl2b表达以此调节草鱼E2水平，正向调控dmrt1和amh表达量而调节其性类固醇激素含量，促进卵巢和卵细胞的分化、发育和成熟，研究结果为深入探索草鱼生殖调控机制奠定基础。

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• Characterization of AGL gene expression in glycogenolysis of the Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

  ZHAO Liyan, LI Zhuanzhuan, MA Peizhen, LIU Zhihong, SUN Xiujun, ZHOU Liqing, WU Biao

  Abstract: (67) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  糖原是影响牡蛎品质的关键指标，而糖原脱支酶（AGL）在糖原分解过程中发挥重要作用。为明确AGL基因对近江牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）糖原代谢的影响，本研究在分析AGL基因序列特征和进化特点基础上，体外构建含有该基因的质粒并转化到HT115（DE3）大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）中，使其表达AGL基因的双链RNA（dsRNA），通过饲喂该菌株实现RNA干扰，并对干扰前后近江牡蛎AGL基因表达量和糖原含量的相关性进行了研究。结果表明，AGL基因编码区序列长度为4719 bp，编码1572个氨基酸，含4个结构域，预测蛋白分子量为178.23 kDa，理论等电点为6.21，基因进化关系与物种传统分类关系一致；RNA干扰15 d和30 d，与对照组（饲喂含EGFP dsRNA的大肠杆菌）相比，实验组（饲喂含AGL dsRNA的大肠杆菌）牡蛎的AGL基因表达量均显著降低（P < 0.05），糖原含量显著升高（P < 0.05），干扰AGL基因能够显著影响到糖原水平的变化；干扰30 d，实验组和对照组牡蛎AGL表达量比干扰15 d时均显著增加（P < 0.05），糖原含量显著降低（P < 0.05），这可能是由于此时期性腺发育需要消耗糖原所致；同时，进一步的相关性分析结果表明AGL基因表达量与糖原含量呈显著负相关关系（P < 0.05）。本研究明确了近江牡蛎AGL基因序列结构特征以及其表达量与糖原含量的相关性，丰富了AGL基因功能研究的科学数据，为深入研究牡蛎糖原代谢的分子机制提供了参考。

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• The research on the response of hemolymphocytes to nucleus-inserting stimulation and biomineralization function of Hyriopsis cumingii

  SUN Junlin, CHEN Yiwen, CHEN Xiaofeng, LI Jiale, BAI Zhiyi, LI Wenjuan

  Abstract: (63) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为深入研究淡水珍珠贝三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)插核刺激对血淋巴细胞的影响及其在珍珠矿化中的功能，本研究通过光学和电子显微镜，探讨了三角帆蚌血淋巴细胞的形态和分类，根据细胞复杂性、细胞大小、核质比将其分为4种类型。通过吉姆萨染色和流式细胞术分析发现，插核刺激后血淋巴细胞的颗粒复杂度增加，细胞直径变大，颗粒细胞比例显著升高(P＜0.05)，透明细胞比例显著降低(P＜0.05)，同时通过组织切片观察，插核部位附近有大量血淋巴细胞聚集且颗粒细胞在插核部位被招募。血淋巴细胞和血清中的Ca2+含量在插核后2 d、5 d和10 d显著上升(P＜0.05)，20 d和50 d显著下降(P＜0.05)，揭示了血淋巴细胞在数量组成、分布和Ca2+水平上均响应插核育珠过程。通过体外碳酸钙结晶实验表明血淋巴细胞和血清能够影响方解石的形貌，但未改变晶体晶型。综上所述，血淋巴细胞对三角帆蚌插核刺激有迅速响应且对生物矿化过程有调控作用，本研究为进一步探究血淋巴细胞在贝类生物矿化中的调控作用奠定了理论基础。

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• Study on artificial propagation and early development of Garra mirofronits

  wangyuesong, yangyang, ganxing, yinhuazheng, pengli, zhangzhiwei, chengrui, chenfeng, shishaolong, mashu, zhangzhiming

  Abstract: (68) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为研究奇额墨头鱼的早期发育时序特征，丰富其繁殖生物学、发育生物学研究资料，为人工繁育和苗种规模化生产提供技术支撑。利用野外采集的奇额墨头鱼(Garra mirofronits)性成熟个体，通过人工催产及干法授精获得其受精卵，详细观察并记录其早期发育过程。共开展3次人工繁殖实验，平均催产率为100 %、受精率(89.93±0.72) %、孵化率(87.83±1.00) %。受精卵呈浅灰色，卵膜薄而透明，无黏性，卵径(1.12±0.04) mm，吸水膨胀后卵膜径达(3.37±0.09) mm，膨胀系数300.89%。水温18~21 ℃下，经24~26 h孵化出膜，孵化积温为496.04 ℃·h，历经受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、心脏搏动期和出膜期等9个时期。初孵仔鱼全长为(4.50±0.07) mm，肌节32对，卵黄囊仔鱼期历时5 d，全长特定生长率为9.22 %·d?1; 仔鱼期共历时16 d，全长特定生长率为7.02 %·d?1。奇额墨头鱼早期发育时序特征遵循硬骨鱼类发育的基本规律，符合漂流性卵胚胎发育的一般特点，为典型产漂流性卵鱼类。

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• Study on temporal characteristics and environmental factors of Coilia coilia migration into and out of the Poyang Lake during the early period of fishing ban

  yang yanping, wang sheng, xuan zhongya, ma fengjiao, peng legen, wen sixin, shen yingdong, liu kai

  Abstract: (92) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为掌握禁捕初期鄱阳湖刀鲚(Coilia nasus)繁殖群体及幼鱼出入湖时序特征，支撑刀鲚资源养护和鄱阳湖生物完整性评价，为鄱阳湖刀鲚栖息地识别积累数据，2023年4—10月刀鲚出入湖汛期内，在鄱阳湖江湖通道湖口水域设置固定站位，跟踪监测刀鲚繁殖群体入湖和幼鱼出湖资源动态，分析刀鲚出入湖时序特征及环境影响因子。就入湖群体而言，4—7月单位捕捞数量变幅为19~971 ind./(1000m2·h)，均值为294±201 ind./(1000m2·h)；单位捕捞重量变幅为0.83~84.25 kg/(1000m2·h)，均值为25.92±18.10 kg/(1000m2·h)。体长变幅为150.6~382.1 mm，均值为298.2±29.1 mm；体质量变幅为10.6~238.1 g，均值为89.9±29.8 g；雌雄比例为2.2：1，性腺发育至Ⅰ—Ⅴ期的个体比例依次为0.09%、46.01%、38.0%、13.08%和2.06%。时间特征显示，5月为刀鲚繁殖群体入湖高峰期，单位捕捞数量和重量分别为514±168 ind./(1000m2·h)和47.04±16.08 kg/(1000m2·h)，极显著高于其他月份(P<0.01)，体长、体质量随洄游汛期后移呈极显著减小(P<0.01)，其中5月体长均值最大(301.5±26.4 mm)，7月最小(292.2±30.6 mm)；4月体质量均值最大(98.49±34.02 g)，7月最小(82.0±25.2 g)；同期雌性个体比例持续上升，雄性比例持续下降，性腺发育至Ⅱ期的个体比例由4月的81.14%下降至7月的22.22%，Ⅲ期及以上个体比例则由4月的18.77%上升至7月的77.78%。就出湖群体而言，7—10月单位捕捞数量变幅为11~8571 ind./(1000m2·h)，均值为1316±1908 ind./(1000m2·h)。时间特征显示出湖高峰期为7月和9月，其中7月单位捕捞数量均值最大, 为2845±2940 ind./(1000m2·h); 其次为9月, 单位捕捞数量均值为1769±1862 ind./(1000m2·h); 10月最小, 单位捕捞数量均值为285±327 ind./(1000m2·h)，环境因子分析显示鄱阳湖刀鲚幼鱼出湖群体单位捕捞数量的时序变化与水位差之间的变化趋势一致。研究结果表明鄱阳湖刀鲚汛期提前，持续时间延长，种群小型化趋势改善，资源恢复趋势显著。

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• Analysis of genetic diversity and selection characteristics based on WGS technology in cultured Topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) population

  Huali Zhao, Di-an Fang, Tianyou Li, Jia Yuan, Baoxing Liu, Dongpo Xu

  Abstract: (101) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为评估养殖群体翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）的遗传多样性水平，探究其遗传特征及群体间的遗传差异，本研究利用全基因组重测序（Whole genome resequencing, WGS）技术，对来自浙江太湖（TH）、广东清远（QY）和江苏扬州（YZ）的三个养殖群体进行了深入分析。总共鉴定出23,156,699个SNPs和5,838,147个Indels位点，SNP变异位点主要位于基因间区域（47.21%）和内含子区域（39.37%）。三个群体的SNP标记均显示为低度多态性（PIC值<0.25）。太湖、清远、扬州三个群体平均近交系数分别为0.1923、0.0631和 -0.0280。群体结构分析表明，太湖群体形成了独特聚类，而清远和扬州群体在遗传上则受到了多个祖先群体的影响。连锁不平衡衰减图（LD decay）显示太湖群体的衰减距离最大，衰减速度最慢。遗传分化指数（Fst）和基因流（Nm）均表明太湖群体与其他群体间存在明显分化。通过基于遗传分化系数 （Fst）和核苷酸多样性（π）的选择性扫描分析，以清远和扬州群体为参考群体，在太湖群体中分别鉴定到了572个和602个选择性基因，涉及能量代谢、氧化应激和炎症反应等生物过程，最多选择的区域位于chr 3和chr 7上。综上所述，三个翘嘴鲌养殖群体的遗传多样性水平均较低，其中太湖群体的遗传多样性最低，受到较强的人工选择和近亲繁殖影响，而清远群体与扬州群体则显示出频繁的基因交流，可能存在着种质混杂现象。本研究可为翘嘴鲌养殖群体的育种选育及种质资源的保护和管理提供基础数据支撑。

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• Mechanisms of α-Ketoglutarate's Effect on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Gut Microbiota in Carassius auratus Exposed to Carbonate-Alkaline Stress

  HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, YUAN Fangying, ZHAO Yan, SUN Yanchun

  Abstract: (88) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究碳酸盐碱暴露下α-酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate, AKG)对鲫抗氧化酶、消化酶活性和肠道菌群的调控机制, 本研究结合生化分析与16S rRNA测序技术, 设计了5个实验组: 淡水组(C组)、两种盐碱暴露组(20 mmol/L NaHCO3, T组; 40 mmol/L NaHCO3, F组), 以及两种AKG调控组(20 mmol/L NaHCO3, TA组; 40 mmol/L NaHCO3, FA组)。研究结果表明, 随着碳酸盐碱浓度的增加, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著降低, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。此外, 鲫肠道的消化酶(淀粉酶AMS、胰蛋白酶CHY、脂肪酶LPS)活性亦出现不同程度的下降。外源补充AKG后, 鲫肠道的抗氧化酶和消化酶活性得到了显著恢复, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低。与C组相比, T组和F组的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度显著增加, 而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度显著下降; T组和F组的优势菌属分别为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanellaceae)。然而, 在AKG调控组(TA组和FA组)中, 变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度大幅下降, 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度上升, TA组的优势菌属转为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 而FA组的优势菌属仍然为希瓦氏菌属(Shewanellaceae)。综上所述, 本研究发现碳酸盐碱暴露导致了鲫肠道氧化应激反应, 并削弱了肠道菌群中有益菌的丰度。补充AKG能够通过增强抗氧化酶和消化酶活性、调节肠道有益菌群的组成, 有效缓解了碳酸盐型盐碱生境对鲫的毒性作用。本研究为精准调控营养功能饲料的创制和提高盐碱水资源的利用效率提供了新的理论依据和实践思路。

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• Path analysis of the effects of morphological traits on body weight of different genders of Diptychus maculatus in Muzhati River

  haohuimin, wangbo, zhanglirong, wangzhengwei, liyanhui, niezhulan

  Abstract: (106) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究木扎提河不同性别斑重唇鱼形态性状对体重的影响，以123尾雌鱼和124尾雄鱼为研究对象，分别测定体重、12个传统形态性状及21个框架形态性状，通过相关性分析、回归分析及通径分析研究形态性状对体重的影响。结果表明：（1）斑重唇鱼雌雄各形态性状与体重之间均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），其中雌性个体的全长（X1）和体长（X2）与体重相关系数最大，均为0.930，雄性个体的吻端到腹鳍基部起点的距离（X24）与体重的相关系数最大，为0.939；（2）斑重唇鱼雌雄形态性状与体重的回归方程：Y雌= -34.488+0.128X1+0.562X4+0.145X2+0.241X27-0.231X34+0.579X3 （R2=0.929），Y雄= -18.753+0.139X24+0.337X3+0.143X23+0.218X31+0.212X28+0.321X8+0.096X29 （R2=0.945），式中X1~X4分别为全长、体长、体宽、体高，X8为眼间距，X23为吻端到背鳍起点的距离，X27~X29分别为背鳍起点到胸鳍起点、腹鳍起点和臀鳍起点的距离，X31为背鳍基部末端到腹鳍起点的距离、X34为尾鳍背部起点到臀鳍起点的距离；（3）通径分析表明，对雌鱼体重直接作用最大的是全长，其次是体长，通径系数分别是0.313和0.299；对雄鱼体重直接作用最大的是X24，其次是X23，通径系数分别是0.236和0.226。该研究充实了斑重唇鱼形态学相关数据，为其后期选育工作提供基础理论依据。

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• Comparative analysis of the differences in gut microbial diversity between water mold infection and healthy states in the giant whiskered schizothoracine

  WANG Yuya, Liu Yixuan, WANG Wanliang, CAO Pengxi

  Abstract: (70) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)是国家二级保护鱼类,近年来其资源量急速锐减,具有较高生态价值和经济价值,目前研究多集中于资源调查、个体生物学和群体遗传学研究,有关肠道微生物研究较少。本研究旨在探讨巨须裂腹鱼患水霉病组和健康组肠道菌群群落结构组成和多样性特征,并分析其潜在功能。研究采用高通量测序技术,提取获得患病巨须裂腹鱼与健康巨须裂腹鱼两组鱼类的肠道内容物,分析了肠道微生物的OUT数量、菌群组成、丰度及Alpha多样性,并预测期功能。经α和β多样性分析,健康组巨须裂腹鱼的肠道微生物群落丰富度和多样性高于患病组,且肠道微生物群落之间具有显著差异(P <0.05); 健康组与患病组巨须裂腹鱼肠道微生物在群落组成上具有相似性,但相对丰度具有明显差异。细菌共获得了7个优势菌门,包括蓝菌门(Cyanobacteriia)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)等,与健康组相比患病组特有属为拟杆菌属(Bacterodies)和变形杆菌属(Proteocatella)等；真菌共获得5个优势菌门,包括子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidionmycata)和罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)等,健康组的特有属为角担菌属(Ceratorhiza)；患病组的特有属为Boeremia和曲霉属(Tausonia)。LDA判别图显示了健康组和患病组巨须裂腹鱼肠道之间存在38个显著差异的细菌菌群,45个显著差异的真菌菌群；巨须裂腹鱼肠道微生物的共现性网络具有较高的连接性,且协同作用大于拮抗作用。根据功能预测分析,健康组巨须裂腹鱼肠道细菌功能菌群与患病组之间具有显著差异(P <0.05),且健康组的相对丰度高于患病组。本研究揭示了巨须裂腹鱼肠道微生物的物种组成和多样性特征,深入了解了巨须裂腹鱼与其肠道微生物之间的关系,为西藏地区特有鱼类肠道菌群的研究提供了基础的理论数据。

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• Characteristics and influencing factors of CH₄ and NO₂ emissions from pond culture and rice-crab co-culture models of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

  xuke, xiaolin, sunyunfei, chengyongxu

  Abstract: (90) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为研究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)池塘养殖与稻蟹共作两种模式下水-气界面温室气体的排放特征及其影响因素,本实验使用静态箱-气相色谱仪法分别测定两种养殖模式下的温室气体排放通量,同时采集两种养殖模式下相关环境因子,并进行对比分析。结果表明,稻蟹共作模式N2O排放通量是池塘养殖的2.8倍,波动范围为34.94~126.90 μg.m-2^.h-1^,平均值为85.41±5.78 μg.m-2^.h-1^,CH4排放通量是池塘养殖的1.19倍,波动范围为1.32~39.50 mg.m-2^.h-1^,平均值为13.69±1.42 mg.m-2^.h-1^{。池塘养殖和稻蟹共作的全球增温潜势分别为}10.73±1.16 t.hm-2^和13.07±1.62 t.hm-2^,两种模式的排放高峰期均出现在8月高温期。多元逐步回归表明,池塘养殖模式CH4的排放量主要受水温和总氮 TN 的影响,N2O排放量则主要受到硝态氮 NO3-^-N 的影响；稻蟹共作模式CH4排放量主要受到总磷 TP 含量的影响,而N2O排放量则主要受到溶解氧 DO 和水温的影响。本研究为中华绒螯蟹不同养殖模式下温室气体的排放提供一定数据支持,同时为稻蟹共作养殖模式的推广示范提供了一定的理论依据。

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• The analysis and comparison of circadian behavioral rhythm between Hippocampus kuda and Oryzias melastigma

  lijiawei, Lin Penghong, Xu Yongjian

  Abstract: (78) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了探究不同鱼类昼夜行为节律差异及其变化规律，提升人工养殖技术。本文针对管海马和海水青鳉在人工养殖条件下的昼夜行为节律进行分析与比较，结果表明：在光强2000lx、温度25±1℃、盐度25±0.5及光周期14L:10D的条件下，管海马和海水青鳉的行为节律均表现出昼强夜弱。管海马在08:00-10:00间活动节律最强，行为组成最丰富。其中，宏观行为组成包括游动占比47.40%±1.1%、爬行3.0%±0.6%、移动4.80%±0.7%以及摆动32.50%±2.1%和静止12.30%±0.8%等；细微行为组成包括：鳃盖运动38.77±1.14次/min、吻盖运动38.77±1.14次/min、眼球运动108.50±5.52次/min、背鳍运动116.87±0.64次/min和胸鳍运动67.81±2.27次/min。次强节律时间段为12:00-14:00，主要为摆动行为，占比为59.20%±5.1%。海水青鳉也在08:00-10:00时间段有最强烈的活动节律，其中，游动占比88.0%±1.1%、鳃盖运动407.88±3.8次/min、颌运动407.88±3.8次/min、眼球运动7.38±0.9次/min、背鳍运动373.17±2.5次/min、胸鳍运动400.83±6.8次/min、尾鳍运动416.58±7.7次/min。因此，不管是管海马还是海水青鳉，作为视觉性鱼类，均存在明显的昼夜行为节律表现。其中，8:00-10:00时间段是两种鱼类行为的活跃期，活动节律强、行为组成丰富，因此可以选择该时间段作为相关行为学研究的适宜观察时段。

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• Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Molecular Marker-Based Release for Chinese Shrimp in the Yellow Sea off the Southern Coast of the Shandong Peninsula

  qiujingyaun, lvding, huyulong, wangweiji, lvguanzheng, shanxiujuan

  Abstract: (84) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)是我国黄渤海重要的增殖放流物种,其放流效果的评估对黄渤海中国对虾资源的养护具有重要意义。为开展此项研究,本研究先后于2023年春季在山东半岛南部海阳黄海水产有限公司,收集生产完成的中国对虾亲虾404尾,作为放流苗种；当年9月份中国对虾秋汛期间在黄岛、海阳和崂山海域,回捕中国对虾个体共计461尾；于2024年春季,在崂山和日照海域,分别采集中国对虾生殖洄游个体110尾和399尾。实验采用微卫星分子标记和线粒体COI基因序列信息相结合的亲子溯源方法,对山东半岛南部黄海海域中国对虾放流效果进行了评估。结果显示,2023年秋汛回捕样本以及2024年生殖洄游的回捕样本,共计监测到放流个体112尾,其中,秋汛回捕样本和生殖洄游样本中各监测到56尾来自放流的个体。上述结果表明,山东半岛南部黄海海域增殖放流的中国对虾,无论对当年黄海秋汛生物量和翌年生殖洄游的亲虾资源量均有显著贡献。

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• Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia

  YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming

  Abstract: (339) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。

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• Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng

  Abstract: (1745) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。

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• 1.3 RT-qPCR

  zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei

  Abstract: (757) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。

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• Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles

  WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli

  Abstract: (951) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。

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• Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay

  Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang

  Abstract: (1209) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。

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• Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis

  Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei

  Abstract: (758) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L^?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8^°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。

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