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WU Yinqi, CHEN Zhangfan, LI Pengfei, CUI Zhongkai, DING Lanqing, CHENG Fangzhou, YAN Xu, CHEN Zebin, CHEN Songlin
2025,32(3):277-285, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0371
Abstract:
Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a unique marine aquaculture fish species known for its high nutritional value and commercial potential. However, half-smooth tongue sole exhibits typical sexual dimorphism, characterized by substantially faster growth rates in females than in males, resulting in female adults being two to four times heavier than male adults. Previous studies have successfully obtained dmrt1–/– ZZ from male half-smooth tongue sole using TALEN genome editing technology targeting dmrt1 gene. The growth rate of dmrt1–/– ZZ males exceeds twice that of normal male fish, with weights comparable to normal female fish. This successfully addresses the issue of stunted growth in the male half-smooth tongue sole and lays the foundation for the establishment of gene editing breeding techniques for this species. Reports on the impact of transgenic organisms on the surrounding environment have raised marked concerns regarding the environmental safety of genetically-modified organisms. A pressing question is whether the edited genes could affect the environment through gut microbiota or other behavior during the rearing process. Compared to transgenic technology, gene editing has the advantage of not involving exogenous genes. Several studies on the gut microbiota of gene-edited animals have shown that no marked changes in gut microbiota composition were observed in animals after gene editing. To assess the health status and environmental safety of the gene-edited half-smooth tongue sole, this study investigated the changes in gut microbiota of the dmrt1 homozygous mutant male fish. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the gut microbiota between dmrt1–/– ZZ males and normal male and female fish kept under the same aquaculture conditions. Environmental safety risks were assessed by testing the genotypes of normal fish cohabiting with dmrt1–/– ZZ males, as well as the eDNA from the water environment where they were raised. There were no marked differences in alpha diversity and composition of the gut microbiota between dmrt1–/– ZZ male and normal male and female fish, and no differences were observed in the predicted functions of the gut microbiota. The differences in gut microbiota may influence growth variations. The gut microbiota composition of dmrt1 homozygous mutant male fish was similar to that of female fish, suggesting that certain microbial populations may be involved in regulating growth rates, which could play a role in enhancing the growth rate of dmrt1–/– ZZ males. No edited genes were detected in the normal individuals cohabiting with the dmrt1–/– Z males. Water samples taken from five sampling points along the drainage path of the aquaculture environment of the dmrt1–/– ZZ males were amplified and sequenced indicating no presence of the edited target gene. In conclusion, dmrt1 gene editing does not lead to marked changes in the gut microbiota of dmrt1–/– ZZ male half-smooth tongue sole and does not affect other individuals reared in the same environment, indicating no environmental risks. This study provides a reference for safety assessment methods of gene-edited aquatic animals.
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Xia Hu, Ding Cheng, Liu Liangguo, YANG Xinyue, BU Jianchao, Chen Fuyan, XIANG Guangqing, HUANG Jiezhen, YANG Pinhong
2025,32(3):286-298, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0319
Abstract:
Polymeric immurnoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is an important fish mucosal immune factor, which plays a key role in mediating the secretion and transport of polyimmunoglobulin into the mucus of mucosal immune tissue. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of Aristichthys nobilis pIgR gene was cloned using PCR and RACE technology. The full-length cDNA sequence of Aristichthys nobilis pIgR gene was 1885 bp, and its open reading frame (ORF) was 1008 bp, encoding 336 amino acids. Aristichthys nobilis pIgR had a signal peptide sequence, followed by the extracellular region, transmembrane region, and intracellular region. The extracellular region included two immunoglobulin-like domains (ILD), and its tertiary structure was twisted “L”. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the NJ method. The results showed that the pIgR gene of Aristichthys nobilis was clustered with the pIgR of cypriniformes. The expression level of the pIgR gene in different tissues of Aristichthys nobilis was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The highest expression level of pIgR gene was found in the liver, followed by the spleen, intestine, head kidney, gill, and skin. A low expression level was found in the middle kidney, heart, and brain, and the lowest expression level was found in the muscle. Aristichthys nobilis was infected with Aeromonas hydrophila at 5 d. The pathological changes in immune-related tissues with a high expression level of the pIgR gene were observed using tissue sections and HE staining. It was found that the intestinal villus mucous cells increased, the width of the intestinal villi widened, and the intestinal wall thickened, showing prominent symptoms of intestinal inflammation. Many inflammatory cells appeared in the head kidney and spleen, and many vacuolar cells were observed in the spleen. The width of the hepatic sinuses increased. The gill filament was deformed and shortened, and the gill cell withered. The expression level of Aristichthys nobilis pIgR gene in the gill, intestine, spleen, liver, and head kidney increased first and then decreased within 28 d after being infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. The relative expression of pIgR gene reached the peak at 5 d in the intestine and gill, and reached the maximum at 7 d in the head kidney and 14 d in the spleen and liver after infection, respectively. The relative expression level of the pIgR gene at the peak in the intestine (18.63 fold) and gill (16.53 fold) of Aristichthys nobilis was higher than that in the head kidney (9.38 fold), spleen (15.98 fold), and liver (12.28 fold). The experimental results showed that Aeromonas hydrophila infection not only caused immune-related tissue lesions and triggered the inflammation responses but also affected the respiratory system and digestive system of Aristichthys nobilis. pIgR may play a key role in the mucosal immune system of Aristichthys nobilis against bacterial infection.
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DENG Xiang, ZOU Cong, SHEN Fan, QIAO Haofeng, CHEN Yupei, HU Chenhao, BIE Hanqing, FAN Qixue, SHEN Zhigang
2025,32(3):299-311, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0389
Abstract:
This study investigated the annual changes in ovary development in hooksnout carp and methods to improve artificial breeding and promote its rapid commercialization. The annual range in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in female hooksnout carp in Hubei Province was 1.16%–11.65%. The spawning period was from mid-April to mid-July, and the average absolute fecundity of the female before spawning was 6165.4 eggs. In autumn, when the water temperature gradually decreased (September to October), the GSI of the ovaries gradually decreased, and the ovaries degenerated to phase III and entered hibernation. In February of the following year, GSI of the carp was relatively low (1.16%–1.65%), and the proportion of phase III oocytes in the ovary increased after a further decrease in water temperature to ＜8.0 ℃ in February. In the scaled-up artificial breeding experiment, the combination of luteinizing releasing hormone (LRH-A2; 5 μg/kg) and human chorionic gonadotropin hCG (1000 IU/kg) had the best induction effect of 87.0%. A 0.3% NaCl solution was the best fertilization medium, with an optimal sperm-to-egg ratio of 5.0×104 –1.0×105 : 1, which produced average fertilization and hatching rates of 66.6% and 80.1%, respectively. The induction time was 20.0–26.0 h before May 15, 16.0–17.0 h after May 15, with accumulated temperature of 400.00–430.00 ℃·h. The hatching time was 69.0–90.0 h in water of 20.0– 25.0 ℃, and 42.5–48.0 h in water ＞26.0 ℃, with a hatching accumulated temperature of 1200.00–1300.00 ℃·h. This study also successfully conducted second-induced spawning of hooksnout carp broodstock in the same year and found that the spawning effect of the second breeding was not substantially different from that of the first. This study achieved scaled-up artificial breeding of hooksnout carp, laying an important foundation for the genetic improvement and commercialization of hooksnout carp.
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LIAO Yongshan, WU Xuhui, TAO Chuangui, WANG Yabing, DENG Yuewen, WANG Qingheng
2025,32(3):312-320, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0280
Abstract:
To evaluate the advantages of nucleus implantation in spring and autumn and their relationship with key environmental factors, production indicators and marine environmental factors across four production cycles from April 2020 to July 2022 were analyzed. Spring (S) and autumn (F) nucleus implantation groups were established, with implantation conducted in April 2020 (S20), April 2021 (S21), October 2020 (F20), and October 2021 (F21). The monthly survival rates of the cultured pearl oysters were monitored, and key environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were measured. Pearls were harvested after 9 m of cultivation, and production indicators, including the retention rate, high-quality pearl rate, and pearl layer thickness, were recorded. Water temperature fluctuated seasonally from 17.23–33.23 ℃. The S groups (S20 and S21) and F groups (F20 and F21) experienced temperatures above or near 30 ℃ for five and two months, respectively. Dissolved oxygen levels varied from 4.44–8.08 mg/L with seasonal changes. Except for October, when salinity was relatively low, salinity remained stable between 30‰–35‰ in other months. The pH was stable and fluctuated between 8.05 and 8.28. The water transparency was 80–200 cm and was generally lower in summer and autumn and higher in winter and spring. At the end of the cultivation period, the survival rates were the highest in F21, followed by F20, S21, and S20, with the group F being better than the group S (P＜0.05). In the group S, water temperature showed a strong negative correlation with stage-specific survival rates (P＜0.05), whereas no correlations were found between survival rates and other environmental factors (P＞0.05). In group F, no correlation was observed between the environmental factors and survival rates (P＞0.05). The retention, commercial pearl, and high-quality pearl rates among the groups were similar (P＞0.05), but the pearl layer thickness in the group S was greater than that in the group F (P＜0.05), with an increase of approximately 20%. Nucleus implantation in autumn substantially improved the survival rate of the transplanted pearl oysters and increased pearl production, whereas the pearls produced by nucleus implantation in spring were of a better quality. In group S, the elevated mortality rate during summer was primarily attributed to high temperatures. This study provides valuable data and theoretical insights for healthy cultivation of seawater pearls.
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LI Jiawei, LIN Penghong, XU Yongjian
2025,32(3):321-332, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0318
Abstract:
To explore the differences in circadian behavioral rhythms and the changing regularity of different fish species, and improve artificial culture technology, we analyzed and compared the circadian behavioral rhythms of Hippocampus kuda and Oryzias melastigma under the artificial culture conditions detailed in this paper. The results showed that under the conditions of light intensity of 2000 lx, temperature of 25±1 ℃, salinity of 25±0.5, and photoperiod of 14L : 10D, the behavioral rhythms of H. kuda and O. melastigma during the daytime are stronger than in the nighttime. H. kuda showed the strongest rhythm and the most abundant behavioral component between 08:00 and 10:00. The macroscopic behavior components included active behaviors (swimming 47.40±1.1%, crawling 3.0±0.6%, moving 4.80±0.7%), and inactive behaviors (swing 32.50±2.1%, resting 12.30±0.8%). The microcosmic behavior components included gill operculum movement 38.77±1.14 times/min, jaws movement 38.77±1.14 times/min, and eyeball rotation 108.50±5.52 r/min, dorsal fin movement 116.87±0.64 times/min and pectoral fin movement 67.81±2.27 times/min. The sub-strongest rhythmic period was 12:00–14:00, and the rhythmic behaviors were dominated by swinging with a percentage of 59.20±5.1%. O. melastigma also had the strongest activity between 08:00 and 10:00, in which the percentage of swimming amounted to 88.0±1.1%; the frequency of gill operculum movement was 407.88±3.8 times/min, jaw movement 407.88±3.8 times/min, eyeball rotation 7.38±0.9 r/min, dorsal fin movement 373.17±2.5 times/min, pectoral fin movement 400.83±6.8 times/min, and tail movement 416.58±7.7 times/min. Therefore, both H. kuda and O. melastigma have strong circadian behavioral rhythms, and the period of 8:00–10:00 is their peak period of behavioral activity, which is the strongest rhythm and the most abundant behavioral components. Therefore, the period of 08:00–10:00 can be selected as a suitable observation time for related behavioral studies.
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ZOU Wansheng, MO Ping, SHI Pengling, WANG Zhi, LUO Yushuang
2025,32(3):333-348, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0335
Abstract:
The recruitment of dormant Microcystis aeruginosa (DMCs) is an important phase in the formation of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in aquaculture ponds. When subjected to external environmental stress, such as low temperature, low light, exogenous allelopathic substances, nutrient deficiency, Microcystis aeruginosa cells form DMCs due to damage to the photosynthetic system, phycobilisomes, ribosomes, and other organelles. These DMCs sink to the surface of the sediment to avoid environmental stress. The DMCs are used as seed sources to restart and recruit (repair damaged organelles) once conditions improve. They enter the overlying water, waiting for another outbreak of algal blooms. A higher recruitment rate of DMCs can significantly enhance the interspecific competitiveness of Microcystis aeruginosa, making it prone to population outbreaks and the formation of algal blooms, and vice versa. Therefore, inhibiting the recruitment of DMCs is an effective method for proactively preventing and controlling the outbreak of Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in aquaculture ponds. In order to investigate the effect and mechanism of Pseudomonas lactis BJ-1, an intestinal bacterial strain of Aristichthys nobilis, on the recruitment of resting DMCs in vitro, BJ-1 bacteria were mixed with DMCs and embedded into pond sediment to construct low-concentration bacterial groups (G1), higher-concentration bacterial groups (G2), and high-concentration bacterial groups (G3). The sterile group was used as a control. The recruitment experiment was conducted for 21 days at a water temperature of 25 ℃, light intensity of 15 μmol·m–2s –1, and light-dark cycle ratio of 12 h∶12 h. Mechanism and field verification experiments were performed based on the experimental results. The experimental results showed that the strain BJ-1 continued to proliferate from the beginning of the experiment to the 6th day. After the 6th day, the bacterial concentrations of the low-concentration bacterial group G1, the higher-concentration bacterial group G2, and the high-concentration bacterial group G3 were maintained at (0.99±0.23)×107 cfu·g–1, (3.40±0.27)×107 cfu·g–1, and (5.21±0.39)×107 cfu·g–1, respectively. DMCs began to recruit from the 6th day, and compared with the control group, the content of capsular extracellular polysaccharides (CPSs) in DMCs in G2 and G3 groups decreased significantly, and the photosynthetic efficiency and recruitment rate of DMCs significantly decreased (P＜0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the G1 group and the control group (P＞0.05). At the same time, the experiment found that strain BJ-1 can secrete the metabolite 3-benzylpiperazin-2,5-dione, and its concentration shows a positive linear relationship with BJ-1 bacterial concentration (R2 =0.997). The minimum effective concentration of metabolite 3-benzylpiperazin2,5-dione to inhibit the recruitment of DMCs was 0.8 μg·L–1. The concentrations of 3-benzyl piperazine-2,5-dione in group G2 and group G3 were (0.95±0.24) and (1.41±0.19) μg·L–1, respectively. At these concentrations, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of DMCs increased significantly (P＜0.05), and the photosynthetic efficiency and recruitment rate of DMCs decreased significantly (P＜0.05). An analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that DMCs encoding photosynthetic genes (psbD1), DNA repair genes (recA), and carbon fixation (ntcA and rbcL) functional genes were significantly down-regulated under higher bacterial concentrations (G2 group), confirming at the molecular level that bacteria BJ-1 can inhibit the photosynthetic efficiency of DMCs. Validation experiments showed that strain BJ-1 can effectively reduce the recruitment rate of DMCs in outdoor pond environments. The experimental results showed that BJ-1 bacteria in the gut of Aristichthys nobilis at higher concentrations (≥3.40×107 cfu·g–1) can inhibit the photosynthetic efficiency of DMCs in vitro by reducing the CPSs content of DMCs and secreting the metabolite 3-benzylpiperazin-2,5-dione, ultimately hindering the recruitment of DMCs. The experimental results provide new evidence for “controlling algae with Aristichthys nobilis” and also provide new ideas for preventing and controlling Microcystis aeruginosa blooms in aquaculture ponds.
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LIU Weichen, XUE Ying, ZHANG Chongliang, JI Yupeng, REN Yiping, XU Binduo
2025,32(3):349-361, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0301
Abstract:
Species coexistence is one of the core issues in community ecology, and exploring the coexistence patterns of community species can help with better understanding the ecological processes that affect community assembly. In the context of frequent El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, the changes in species coexistence patterns of fish communities and their responses to ENSO events in the bay remain largely unknown. Changes in species co-occurrence patterns within fish communities over the past decade and their relationships with the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) were examined using null model analysis based on the data collected from the fish resources survey in the spring and autumn in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters from 2013 to 2022. The results showed that the fish communities in the Haizhou Bay generally showed a nonrandom species co-occurrence pattern from 2013 to 2022, and exhibited an aggregation co-occurrence pattern in most years, with the aggregation pattern more pronounced in autumn than in spring. The species co-occurrence pattern of fish communities was influenced by important species pairs, and the important species pairs varied in different years. In most cases, dominant species such as Enedrias fangi and Hexagrammos otakii formed an aggregated coexistence pattern with other fish species, while fish species such as flatfish and Callionymus formed a segregated coexistence pattern with other fish species in most cases. The species co-occurrence pattern of fish communities was influenced by the selection of C-score and V-ratio indicators in the null model analysis. The fish communities were almost always in an aggregated co-occurrence pattern at ENSO neutral conditions. However, the species co-occurrence pattern mostly shifted from an aggregated pattern to a random pattern when ENSO events occurred, and there was a certain correlation between the fluctuation trend of ONI and species co-occurrence pattern of the fish communities.
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QIU Jingyuan, LYU Ding, HU Yulong, WANG Weiji, LYU Guanzheng, SHAN Xiujuan
2025,32(3):362-371, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0317
Abstract:
This study used microsatellite molecular markers and mitochondrial COI gene sequence information to investigate the effects of stock enhancement on Fenneropenaeus chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula, assessing the ecological contribution of the released F. chinensis. This species is an important economic shrimp species in China's Bohai and Yellow Sea regions, playing a key role in fishing and marine aquaculture. However, due to issues such as overfishing, disease, and environmental pollution, there has been a substantial decline in resources since the 1980s. To restore the dwindling resources of F. chinensis, China took the lead in conducting stock enhancement activities in the Bohai Sea. After nearly 40 years of continuous release, F. chinensis resources in the Bohai and Yellow Seas have been restored to some extent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula using SSR (simple sequence repeats) and mitochondrial COI molecular marker technology. The experimental sample collection was divided into three stages. In the first stage, in May 2023, 404 parental F. chinensis were collected from Haiyang Yellow Sea Aquatic Products Co., Ltd. in the southern part of the Shandong Peninsula after the completion of production of released seedings. In the second stage, during the autumn fishing season of F. chinensis in September 2023, a total of 461 individual F. chinensis were recaptured in the sea areas of Huangdao, Haiyang, and Laoshan. In the third stage, from March to April 2024, 110 and 399 migrating individuals of P. chinensis were collected in the Laoshan and Rizhao sea areas, respectively. All the samples were frozen and transported to the laboratory for storage. Genomic DNA was extracted using the conventional phenol-chloroform isoamyl alcohol method, and DNA quality was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. The experiment used parent–offspring tracing methods based on microsatellite molecular markers and mitochondrial COI gene sequence information to evaluate the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula. Eight polymorphism-rich microsatellite loci were used for PCR amplification and genotyping, combined with mitochondrial COI gene sequence analysis. Gene Mapper software was used to read allele data, and Cervus software was used for statistical analysis to determine potential parent-offspring pairs. The parentage relationship between released individuals and recaptured individuals was further verified using partial mtDNA sequence haplotypes. The results showed that 350 alleles were detected at eight SSR loci, with the number of alleles detected per locus ranging from 7 to 80, and the average number of alleles was 31.8. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.606 to 0.896, the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.619 to 0.972, and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.856. A total of five SNP polymorphic sites and seven haplotypes were detected in the COI sequence, with Hap01 accounting for 80% as the main type. The haplotype diversity was 0.065, and the nucleotide diversity value was 0.00033. A total of 121 individuals from stock enhancement were monitored in the recaptured samples from the autumn fishing season of 2023 and the migratory recapture samples of 2024. Further verification with mitochondrial COI gene sequences excluded nine unfit individuals. Among 970 recaptured individuals, 112 individuals from stock enhancement were detected, including 56 individuals from stock enhancement out of 461 individuals recaptured during the autumn fishing season of 2023, accounting for 12.4% of the total recaptured individuals. 56 individuals from stock enhancement were detected in the migratory recapture samples of 2024, accounting for 9.2% of the total recaptured individuals. Microsatellite markers showed high levels of genetic diversity, while mitochondrial DNA detected lower haplotype diversity. This is mainly because nuclear genes have higher levels of genetic variation. In the traceability analysis of stock-enhanced F. chinensis, SSR markers provided sufficient individual identification capabilities. However, the lower the number of bases in the repeat unit, the higher the level of simple sequence repeat variation. But dinucleotide repeats can produce rich variability while often causing deviations in allele reading results due to base mismatches and slippages during PCR, which affects the accuracy of parent–offspring tracing results. Therefore, it is necessary to combine it with mitochondrial COI gene sequences that strictly follow maternal inheritance for re-verification to ensure the accuracy of allele reading and correction. This study provides a detailed assessment of the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea located on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula. This indicates that the enhancement of F. chinensis in the southern waters of the Shandong Peninsula had a significant contribution to the biomass of autumn in the current year and the resources of reproductive migration in the following year. Evaluating the effectiveness of stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea is not only of considerable importance for the conservation of F. chinensis resources but also makes an important contribution to the local marine ecosystem. This study can provide a scientific reference for the stock enhancement of F. chinensis in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.
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WANG Yuyan, Liu Yixuan, WANG Wanliang, CAO Pengxi
2025,32(3):372-386, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0322
Abstract:
Schizothorax macropogon is a second-grade protected animal with high ecological and economic value. Currently, most of the related research has focused on resource investigation, individual biology, and population genetics. However, to date, there have been relatively few studies on gut microorganisms. In this study, we extracted the intestinal contents of S. macropogon with saprolegniasis and healthy states, respectively. We analyzed the number of OTUs, colony composition, abundance, and Alpha diversity of intestinal microorganisms, and predicted their functions by high-throughput sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the richness and diversity of the gut microbial community in the healthy group was higher than that in the sick group. PCoA analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the gut microbes in the healthy and sick group of S. macropogon. The histogram of species distribution showed that the gut microorganisms in the healthy group and sick group of S. macropogon were similar in the composition of community structure but differed in relative abundance. Bacteria acquired a total of seven dominant phyla, including Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteriota. The endemic genera in the diseased group were Bacteroides, and Proteocatella. Five dominant phyla of fungus were obtained, including Ascomycota, Basidobolomycota, and Rozellomycota. The endemic genus in the healthy group was Cererhiza, and the endemic genera in the sick group were Boeremia and Tausonia The discriminant plot statistics showed that the healthy group had the highest number of fungi in the healthy group. The discriminant plot showed that there were 38 bacterial marker species and 45 fungal marker species between the healthy group and sick group in the gut of S. macropogon. The co-occurrence network of microorganisms in the intestine of S. macropogon had high connectivity and coherence. According to the functional prediction analysis, there was a significant difference in the functional flora of intestinal bacteria between the healthy group and the sick group (P＜0.05). The relative abundance of the healthy group was higher than that of the sick group. The present study revealed the community composition and diversity of the gut microorganisms of S. macropogon, preliminarily analyzed the relationship between the health status of S. macropogon, and its gut microorganisms, and provided a database for the study of the intestinal flora of endemic fishes in the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau.
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YANG Yanping, WANG Sheng, XUAN Zhongya, MA Fengjiao, PENG Legen, WEN Sixin, SHEN Yingdong, LIU Kai
2025,32(3):387-395, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0329
Abstract:
To research the timing of the breeding population and juveniles of Coilia nasus into or out of the Poyang Lake in the early period of the fishing ban, support the conservation of the resources and identification of the habitat of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake, a fixed station was set up in the Hukou region during its fishing season from April to October in 2023. The resource dynamics of the breeding population in the lake and juveniles out of the lake were tracked and monitored. Both the timing and the environmental impact factors were then analyzed. In terms of the breeding population in the lake, the range of quantity caught per unit from April to July was 19~971 ind./(1000 m2 ·h), with an average of (294±201) ind./(1000 m2 ·h). Correspondingly, the range of weight caught per unit was 0.83~84.25 kg/(1000 m2 ·h), with an average of (25.92±18.10) kg/(1000 m2 ·h). The range of body length was 150.6~382.1 mm, with an average of (298.2±29.1) mm. The range of body weight was 10.6~238.1 g, with an average of (89.9±29.8) g. The ratio of male to female was 2.2 : 1, and the proportion of gonadal development from Stage I to V was in the order of 0.09%, 46.01%, 38.00%, 13.84%, and 2.06%. The results showed that May was the peak period for the breeding population moving into the lake. The mean values of quantity and weight caught per unit were (514±168) ind./(1000 m2 ·h) and (47.04±16.08) kg/(1000 m2 h), respectively. These were significantly higher than those of other months (P＜0.01). The body length and body weight decreased significantly along with the migration during the fishing season (P＜0.01). The maximum of the average body length occurred in May (301.5±26.4) mm, and the minimum was recorded in July (292.2±30.6) mm. For body weight, the maximum and minimum were in April (98.5±34.0) g and July (82.0±25.2) g, respectively. In the same period, the proportion of females continued to increase, and males decreased. For gonadal development, the proportion of individuals for Stage II decreased from 81.14% in April to 22.22% in July and increased from 18.77% in April to 77.78% in July for Stage III. In terms of the population moving out of the lake, the range of quantity caught per unit was 11~8571 ind./(1000 m2 ·h) from July to October, with an average of (1316± 1908) ind./(1000 m2 ·h). Timing showed that the peak period was in July and September, and the mean value of quantity caught per unit in July was (2845±2940) ind./(1000 m2 ·h), followed by September (1769± 1862) ind./(1000 m2 ·h)). Meanwhile, the minimum of the average quantity caught per unit was (285±327) ind./(1000 m2 ·h) in October. Environmental factors analysis showed that the quantity caught per unit for the juvenile population out of Poyang Lake was consistent with the trend of water level difference. The results show that the fishing season of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake was advanced, and the duration was prolonged. Furthermore, the miniaturization of the population improved, and the resource recovery was substantial.
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LI Xiaoran, CUI Yong, GUAN Changtao, WANG Gang, WU Jintao, GUO Yinuo
2025,32(3):396-408, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0246
Abstract:
In this study, a composite cage that integrates many modules, such as a steel frame structure, dive system, energy, and monitoring system, is proposed. It is necessary to conduct hydrodynamic numerical simulation tests to understand the capability to resist waves and currents and ensure the long-term safe and coordinated operation of each system. First, the wave force acting on the cage is calculated based on the potential flow theory. Then, using the motion equation to solve the dynamic response of the cage, a numerical model is constructed to study the potential of the cage under extreme sea conditions. The results indicate that: The dynamic response of the cage in the floating and submerged states is significantly correlated with the wave parameters. The tension of the anchor rope on the upstream side is always greater than that on the downstream side, and the anchor rope tension is positively correlated with the wave height and period in both states. The heave, surge, and pitch are all positively correlated with wave height in both states; it is positively correlated with the period when floating, but has no obvious correlation with the period when sinking. Surge is positively correlated with the period in both states, whereas the pitch is negatively correlated with the period when floating and positively correlated with it period when sinking. The dynamic responses of the cage in the floating and submerged states were significantly correlated with the current velocity. The tension of the anchor rope increases with the increase in flow speed in both states. When the cage is in the floating state, the pitch is positively correlated with the flow speed, the heave is negatively correlated with the flow speed, and there is no obvious correlation between the pitch and the flow speed. The overall variation amplitude of the surge and pitch is between −13% and 20%, and the average variation amplitude does not exceed 7%. When the cage is in the floating state, the maximum heave, surge, and pitch values were 0.549 m, 1.055 m, and 7.116°, respectively. After the cage was submerged, the anchor rope tension, heave, surge, and pitch decreased. The amplitudes were 59%, 70%, 57%, and 49%, respectively, indicating that the cage has a good capability to resist waves and currents. These results have practical significance for improving the safety and efficiency of submersible cage work.
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SUN Pengqi, HU Jiazhen, HUANG Xiaohua, SUN Jialong, LI Gen, TAO Qiyou, YUAN Taiping, PANG Guoliang, HU Yu
2025,32(3):409-419, DOI: 10.12264/JFC2024-0352
Abstract:
To address the issues of low efficiency and insufficient accuracy in monitoring fish populations in aquaculture, this study proposes a real-time fish monitoring method based on an omnidirectional scanning sonar and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model using tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) as the research object. The proposed method used an omnidirectional scanning sonar to collect underwater fish shoal image data. By using the YOLOv8 algorithm combined with real-time monitoring, the proposed method achieved target recognition and analysis. Euclidean distance-based spatial analysis algorithms were used to merge and exclude anomalous data points to obtain the number and spatial distribution of fish schools. Experiments were conducted to evaluate fish schools of varying sizes (50, 100, 150, and 200 individuals) and achieved monitoring accuracies of 93.5, 94.5, 89.6, and 85.8%, respectively, with an average accuracy of 90.9%. This method substantially enhanced the real-time monitoring and accuracy of fish school population assessments. This provides an efficient solution for monitoring fish schools in aquaculture towards optimizing aquaculture management, improving production efficiency, and promoting the sustainable development of ecological aquaculture.
Volume 32,2025 Issue 3
研究论文
渔业资源与环境专栏
深远海养殖专栏
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Effects of Dietary DMPT Supplementation on Growth, Serum Immunity, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Gut Microbiota Composition in Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)
CHENG Chao, ZHANG Jianming, SHU Tingting, QU HuantaoZHANG, Dezhi
Abstract:
摘要：为探究饲料中添加DMPT对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血清免疫、肠道消化酶活性及肠道菌群组成的影响。试验在基础饲料中添加0、400、800、1600 mg/kg的DMPT，分别记作CK、A1、A2、A3组。用这四种试验饲料投喂初始体质量为（300.88±17.64）g的子二代中华鲟幼鱼5周，每种饲料投喂3个重复组，每个重复组10尾鱼。结果表明：A1、A2、A3组中华鲟幼鱼的增重率和特定增长率显著高于CK组；A3组的饲料系数显著低于CK组。血清免疫球蛋白M、补体C3、补体C4含量、溶菌酶活性均随着添加量的增加呈现不断升高的趋势，且A2和A3组均显著高于CK组。三个处理组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于CK组；A2和A3组碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于CK组。A1和A2组蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性均显著高于CK组；三个处理组淀粉酶活性显著高于CK组。蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性随着添加量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势。三个处理组的ACE、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数与CK组之间无显著差异；A2和A3组的PD_whole_tree指数显著高于CK组。各组中华鲟幼鱼肠道绝对优势菌门为梭杆菌门，次级优势菌门为变形菌门和厚壁菌门，且随着DMPT添加量的增加梭杆菌门的相对分度呈现先降低后升高的趋势。各组中华鲟幼鱼肠道绝对优势菌属为鲸杆菌门，且其相对丰度随着DMPT添加量的增加呈现升高的趋势。CK组和A2组的次级优势菌属为邻单胞菌属和埃希氏-志贺氏菌；A1和A3组次级优势菌属为邻单胞菌属和拟杆菌属。A2和A3组的肝脏GHR基因表达量显著高于CK组；A3组的IGF-1、IGF-2基因表达量显著高于CK组。GHR、IGF-1、IGF-2基因表达量随着DMPT添加量的增加呈现不断升高的趋势。综上所述，当DMPT添加量为1600mg/kg，能够有效的提高肝脏生长相关基因的表达水平，进而获得最佳的生长性能，同时对于机体免疫能力也有显著提升。当DMPT添加量为400mg/kg，能够更有效的提升肠道消化酶活活性。
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Effects of net type and survey duration on fish resources monitoring in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River
hule, zhaidongdong, chenyuanyuan, xiongfei, queyanfu, zhubin, duanxinbin, liuhongyan
Abstract:
网具类型和调查时长是影响鱼类资源监测效果的重要因素。本研究基于2022年夏季（7-8月）和秋季（10-11月）在汉江下游沙洋、潜江、仙桃和汉川4个江段的鱼类资源监测数据，评估了两种典型网具（定置刺网和地笼）和调查时长对鱼类资源监测效果的影响。在汉江下游共监测到鱼类66种，定置刺网与地笼分别监测到54和51种，两种网具监测到的共有物种百分比夏季为57.6%、秋季为44.7%。定置刺网对不同水层鱼类的捕获没有明显选择性，而地笼对底层鱼类具有明显选择性；定置刺网捕获鱼类的平均体长显著大于地笼。定置刺网的累积日均渔获量在第 7 天趋于稳定，而地笼累积日均渔获量稳定性较差，且季节变化对地笼捕获效率的影响较大。基于物种累积曲线预测，10日连续监测可实现夏季和秋季物种总数70-80%的检出率。研究结果可为河流鱼类资源监测方法优化及标准化提供科学依据。
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Starvation Experiment and Determination of the Point of No Return in Leiocassis longirostris Larvae
XU Jiamin, LI Yikai, SI Xiangchao, TANG Yongtao, LI Qiang, ZHOU Chuanjiang
Abstract:
研究长吻鮠（Leiocassis longiorostris）仔鱼的生长发育特点及最佳投喂时间，为长吻鮠仔鱼的培育提供参考依据。本实验设置饥饿组、摄食组和延迟投喂组，通过观察长吻鮠仔鱼的形态发育特征并采集其图像，测量仔鱼的全长、体长、头长、眼径及肌节高等形态学指标，分析饥饿胁迫对仔鱼生长发育的影响。同时，通过延迟投喂试验，观察仔鱼肠道内容物，计算初次摄食率、最高初次摄食率及不可逆点，确定其最佳投喂时间。在水温23.5~26.5℃的条件下，长吻鮠仔鱼于4日龄开口摄食，7日龄卵黄囊消失，14日龄到达不可逆点，混合营养期为3天，初次摄食率为64.40 %，最高初次摄食率为97.80 %，且5~11日龄仔鱼初次摄食率均维持在90 %以上。饥饿胁迫下的仔鱼出现组织消耗、生理萎缩及运动机能衰退等特征。异速生长分析表明，长吻鮠仔鱼的体长相对于其全长为负异速生长，头长、眼径、肌节高相对于其全长为正异速生长。长吻鮠仔鱼的主动摄食能力较强，具有一定耐饥饿能力，其最佳投喂时间为5日龄。长吻鮠仔鱼器官发育呈现“功能优先模式”，头长、眼径及肌节高等与摄食相关器官优先发育，其次，体长的负异速生长显著降低了能量消耗，这显著提升了仔鱼的早期生存适应能力。
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Community structure and characteristics of nektons in the waters of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in spring and summer
Niu Mingxiang, Wang Jun, Zuo Tao, Lu Feng, Zhou Yingfeng, Cheng Zhaolong, Li Yongtao, Li Jianwen, Song Jianbin
Abstract:
为了解黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域游泳动物的种类组成、群落结构及其多样性，本研究于2023年夏季和2024年春季开展了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物调查，共采集到游泳动物34种，隶属于6目15科34属，鱼类27种，甲壳类7种，其中鱼类以鲤形目为主（16种）；生态类型上，以淡水型为主（24种），近海型6种，河口型3种，洄游型1种。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示，刺网渔获物优势种以淡水鱼类为主，地笼渔获物优势种包含了甲壳类。单位捕捞努力量总渔获质量和数量（刺网和地笼合计）春季均高于夏季。刺网调查，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H ）、Pielou种类均匀度指数（J）和Margalef物种丰富度指数（D）春季均高于夏季；而地笼调查，以上三个指数夏季均高于春季。丰度/生物量曲线表明，黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落结构受到一定程度的干扰，夏季干扰强度大于春季。等级聚类结果显示，在一定的相似性水平上，黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落划分为不同的组群，表明鱼类群落结构组成分布存在一定差异。本研究提供了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物资源现状的基础数据，为该区域的保护策略制定提供了数据支撑。
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Study on artificial reproduction and early development of Schizothorax curvilabiatus in Yarlung Zangbo River
SU Qi, YANG Peican, HE Kai, YANG Nana, LI Hongchi, ZHANG Chi
Abstract:
弧唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax curvilabiatus)是雅鲁藏布江下游流域特有-珍稀经济鱼类。为实现弧唇裂腹鱼的养殖利用和资源保护，本研究对野外收集的弧唇裂腹鱼亲鱼开展人工催产，采用两次混合催产剂组合(LHRH-A2(10 μg/kg)+HCG(1500 IU/kg)+DOM(8 mg/kg))注射催产，常规干法受精，显微镜下观察记录受精卵的时序及发育特征。结果表明，弧唇裂腹鱼在水温14±1 ℃时催产率为75.91±5.91%、受精率为87.92±2.59%、孵化率为80.26±2.18%。弧唇裂腹鱼受精卵为淡黄色，微黏性的沉性卵，卵径为2.81±0.17 mm，吸水膨胀后卵径为4.42±0.21 mm。水温为14±1 ℃时，弧唇裂腹鱼胚胎孵化时长为184 h54 min~232 h14 min出膜，孵化累积积温为3223.17 ℃·h。初孵仔鱼平均全长为11.70±0.54 mm，出膜后9 d，仔鱼的胸鳍、鳃、口、尾鳍、肠道、鳔等等功能器官先后形成，出膜23 d后卵黄囊消失，仔鱼全长为17.36±0.53 mm，出膜65 d时各鳍基本长成，体型和体色接近成鱼，进入幼鱼阶段。本研究首次实现了弧唇裂腹鱼的人工繁育，填补了雅鲁藏布江下游流域鱼类人工繁育技术空白，并对其胚胎发育时序和仔鱼发育特征进行了系统的观察，为弧唇裂腹鱼种质资源保护与开发利用提供了技术支撑。
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Comparative Analysis of Life History Traits and Stock Status of Collichthys lucidus in the Yangtze River Estuary: Pre- and Post-Fishing Ban
Zheng Linlin, Zhou Yufei, Ma Qiuyun, Chen Jinhui, Wei Guangen, Jia Zehua
Abstract:
长江十年禁渔政策为揭示鱼类生活史策略对捕捞压力解除的适应性响应机制提供了关键研究契机。本研究通过在禁渔前、后时间段内(2017—2023年)对长江口资源调查收集到的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)样本, 应用线性混合效应模型、von Bertalanffy生长方程、体长转换渔获曲线法等方法估算了棘头梅童鱼的生活史参数, 并使用单位补充量亲体生物量(SSBPR)模型评价其资源状态, 探讨长江禁渔后棘头梅童鱼生活史特征和资源状况的短期变化。结果表明, 长江口棘头梅童鱼的平均体长由禁渔前(2017—2020年)的7.86 cm增至禁渔后(2021—2023年)的9.22 cm, 平均体质量由10.12 g增至16.19 g。最优线性混合效应模型结果表明棘头梅童鱼生长参数b的估计值为2.87; 禁渔前和禁渔首年棘头梅童鱼肥满度a的估计值接近(2.32~2.36×10-2), 2022年与2023年则降低到2.14×10-2; 基于von Bertalanffy生长方程估算的棘头梅童鱼生长速率从禁渔前的0.17增至禁渔后的0.26, 渐近体长由15.86 cm增至19.53 cm。长江口棘头梅童鱼总死亡系数由禁渔前的0.66增加至禁渔后的0.80, 这主要是由于自然死亡系数在禁渔后的增加导致(0.52到0.78)。棘头梅童鱼的单位补充量亲体生物量由禁渔前的0.45大幅增加至禁渔后的14.66。其生物学参考点(F20%, F40%)在禁渔前分别为0.23和0.13, 在禁渔后分别为0.99和0.47, 对应的SSBPR20%和SSBPR40%在禁渔前分别为0.24和0.48, 禁渔后增加至3.08和6.16。SSBPR模型的参数敏感性分析表明, 模型输出的准确性高度依赖自然死亡系数的估算精度, 随着自然死亡系数的增大, 对应的SSBPR20%和SSBPR40%均逐渐减小。研究结果有望深入理解棘头梅童鱼在禁渔后的资源动态变化规律, 为长江禁渔效果评价提供支撑。
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The impacts of geographical environmental factors on the growth of Hemicculter leuciclus
Fang Yuhang, Chen Yongjin, He Bin, Xue Xue, Yang Yunlei, Xu Dongpo
Abstract:
为揭示地理环境因素对?(Hemiculter leucisculus)生长特征的调控机制及其生态适应策略，本研究基于2022—2024年对乌梁素海、松花湖、衡水湖、太湖、蠡湖、白马湖、邛海、洱海这8个典型湖泊的生态调查数据，整合纬度梯度、湖盆形态和水体理化参数等多维度环境变量，运用皮尔逊相关分析、冗余分析(RDA)及广义可加模型(GAM)，系统解析了环境异质性对?生长参数的调控。结果表明：?的生长系数K和拐点年龄t1主要受岸线发育系数SDI和透明度SD影响。SDI为0.3～0.4、SD为0.5～1 m时生长系数K最大，而拐点年龄t1最小。此外，水深也是影响?拐点年龄的重要因素，两者之间成负相关关系；水温和水深是影响?的渐进体长的关键因素。渐进体长在18～20 ℃时达到最大值，在水深为15 m时达到最小值。本研究构建了湖泊形态-水文参数耦合的生长预测模型，证实地理环境因素通过改变饵料分布格局间接影响鱼类生活史策略，为流域尺度下鱼类资源适应性管理提供了量化依据，也为渔业资源的可持续利用和生态管理提供了科学指导。
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Succession and coexistence of dominant zooplankton species in Xiangshan Bay
YANG Jieqing, YU Jinchen, LI Sen, ZHOU Jin, CHEN Lang, LI Xinran, LIU Qinghe, SHI Yunrong, xuqing
Abstract:
为探究浮游动物优势种时间演替特征和共存关系, 本研究以象山港海域浮游动物优势种为研究对象, 对其进行了逐月的调查, 从时间尺度上通过分析丰度月变化和演替率的方法并结合物种生态属性阐明了浮游动物优势种演替特征, 从生态位角度结合生态位宽度值、物种对间的生态位重叠值和食性等方法探讨了优势种之间的共存关系。结果显示, 1—5月优势种生态类群单一, 冷水种占优势种总丰度的96.43%, 6—12月优势种生态类群丰富, 暖水种占优势种总丰度的79.14%; 太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)丰度于夏季7月达峰值、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)于秋季10月达峰值, 腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)于冬季1月达峰值, 其峰值月份分别与夏季、秋季和冬季优势种总丰度和平均丰度单峰模型达峰值时间一致; 相邻月份优势种时间演替率整体在50%以上, Cochran检验和Friedman检验显示优势种无论是种类组成还是丰度, 月分布均差异极显著(P<0.01)。植食性的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus), 肉食性的真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni)等优势种于不同月份成为优势种, 歪水蚤属(Tortanus)、拟哲水蚤属(Paracalanus)和胸刺水蚤属(Centropages)内的物种成为优势种的月份也具差异; 背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤相互之间, 其食性相似且时间生态位重叠值高(Qik>0.6), 而空间生态位重叠值为一般(0.6≥Qik≥≥0.3); 汤氏长足水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)相互之间, 时间和空间生态位重叠值均为高(Qik >0.6), 其食物种类、粒径等存在差异。结果表明, 浮游动物优势种演替较为频繁, 年内优势种生态类群由冷水种向暖水种占主导的方向演替, 优势种爆发对总丰度贡献较大; 优势种之间的共存遵循生态位分化理论。研究结果可为浮游动物种间关系及群落构建机制提供参考。
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Niche differentiation and trophic linkages among seven major economic fish species in the Anhui section of Huaihe River
wangzixin, Zhou yanfeng, Xu junwei, Shen duqing, Wang chi, Li shanlin, Xue ying
Abstract:
研究淮河干流鱼类种间关系、生态位分化及种间营养联系有助于解析鱼类群落结构稳定性和资源分配机制, 对于多鱼种渔业资源管理与生态系统健康评估具有重要意义。为此，本文选取淮河干流安徽段七种主要经济鱼类作为研究对象, 通过胃含物分析与生态位量化方法, 探究其摄食习性、生态位分化及种间竞争机制。结果表明, 这七种鱼类的摄食策略存在明显分化, 其中刀鲚(Coilia nasus)与达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)为肉食性, 主要以十足类为食, 鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)与长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)为植食性鱼类, 主要摄食硅藻和绿藻, 鲫(Carassius auratus)与鲤(Cyprinus carpio)主要摄食藻类、轮虫、软体动物等饵料, 鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)则为浮游动物食性。在生态位方面, 春季达氏鲌具有最高的营养生态位宽度, 秋季鲢最高。空间生态位最宽的是鲫, 最窄的是鳙。鲫与长春鳊(春季0.98、秋季0.95)、鲢与鳙(春季0.95、秋季0.47)的营养生态位重叠较高;它们的空间生态位重叠普遍较高, 13个种对在春季显著重叠, 秋季则只有9个种对显著重叠, 反映其生境分布的趋同性。鲢与鳙(春季0.83、秋季0.34)、鲫与长春鳊(春季0.70、秋季0.63)的营养-空间二维生态位重叠最高, 主要受其摄食习性的影响。摄食特化指数表明, 达氏鲌、鲫、鲢的摄食习性存在较大的个体间差异, 它们会通过种内摄食分化来降低种内食物竞争。本研究表明, 淮河干流安徽段的七种鱼类通过种间食性分化和种群内个体摄食行为调整实现生态位分化, 同时其共存机制还受到饵料生物可获得性、捕食者丰度以及栖息环境等因素的影响, 本研究可为深入探讨淮河鱼类生态学和多鱼种渔业资源管理提供科学依据。
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Metabolomic Analysis of Liver Metabolism in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Under Saprolegniasis Stress
WANG Wanliang¹, YANG Fengqin¹, zhangjifeng
Abstract:
为探讨感染水霉病胁迫下对拉萨裸裂尻鱼（Schizopygopsis younghusbandi）肝脏代谢功能影响，实验以健康拉萨裸裂尻鱼为对照组（JYG），利用超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱技术手段对患病组（BYG）和死亡组（SYG）的肝脏差异代谢物进行筛选，确定其变化规律。结果显示，BYG组共筛选出211个差异代谢物，上调56个，下调155个，主要富集于核苷酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、氧化磷酸化等20条代谢通路；SYG组共筛选出421个差异代谢物，上调158个，下调263个，主要富集于戊糖磷酸途径、甘油磷脂代谢、核苷酸代谢等25条代谢通路。其中影响显著的代谢通路有磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和鞘脂为代表的脂质代谢；苹果酸、D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸和D-葡萄糖为代表的能量代谢；谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、和谷胱甘肽为代表的氨基酸代谢；棕榈酸乙酯、油酸和亚油酸为代表的脂肪酸代谢。研究结果表明，拉萨裸裂尻鱼感染水霉病后肝脏发生氧化应激发应，导致脂质代谢紊乱、脂肪酸代谢异常、氨基酸代谢和糖异生调控失衡。本研究结果为拉萨裸裂尻鱼产业化发展进程中病害防控和健康养殖提供基础数据。
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A review of ghost fishing effect of fishing pots for decapod crustaceans
ZHANG Jian, LU Tianxu, CHEN Xianyu, SHI Jiangao
Abstract:
十足目甲壳动物笼壶渔业中废弃笼壶(DFP)对目标种类的幽灵捕捞是海洋渔业生态研究的热点,也是幽灵捕捞研究最为全面和深入的领域。从甲壳动物笼壶渔业共性出发,探索DFP幽灵捕捞发生和消亡机制及其对海洋生物的效应,是评价笼壶渔业生态效应、开展生态型笼壶渔具设计的基础。本文从笼壶废弃具体原因出发,通过分析甲壳动物入笼、死亡机制和DFP退化失效机制,阐明了幽灵捕捞的发生和消亡机制；结合全球主要商业甲壳动物笼壶渔业或渔场中DFP的数量与规模、幽灵捕捞持续时间和幽灵捕捞率等汇总数据,在构建统一幽灵捕捞效应相关量化指标体系后,从入笼、逃逸和死亡等多个层面系统总结和对比了不同渔业中的DFP对目标种类的幽灵捕捞效率及对渔业的整体影响。针对海洋环境下真实幽灵捕捞过程的复杂和多样性,讨论了回收和模拟观测等研究体系和方法的局限性及其可能对DFP幽灵捕捞效应研究结果带来的影响。
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Heterogeneous response of species biomass to species diversity at different trophic levels in the fishery biotic community of Haizhou Bay
zhangrunze, Yonghui Wan, chongliang zhang
Abstract:
近年来全球生物多样性受到严重威胁,生物多样性与生态系统功能关系(BEF)已经成为多样性保护关注的重点,但以往针对海洋生态系的BEF研究忽视了不同营养级间的相互作用及其对多样性的异质化响应。本研究基于2013-2023年海州湾秋季底拖网调查数据,结合物种分布模型(SDM)和结构方程模型(SEM),分析了海州湾渔业生物群落中不同营养级(根据食性划分为高、中、低3级)生物量与物种多样性的时空分布特征,探究了环境因子、物种多样性(丰富度与均匀度)与不同营养级生物量之间的关系。结果显示,海州湾各个营养级的生物量均呈现显著的年际波动,且空间分布模式存在明显差异；物种丰富度的年际波动较大,而均匀度随时间的变化较为平缓。SEM模型表明物种多样性对不同营养级生物量的影响存在差异,其中丰富度对中营养级生物量具有显著正相关关系,而均匀度与中、高营养级生物量呈负相关,表明生态位互补效应和选择效应在不同营养级中作用效果不同。不同营养级之间存在显著关联,环境因子通过直接和间接途径影响生物量,底温与高营养级生物量、盐度与低营养级生物量之间存在显著正相关关系,其余环境因子与生物量之间均为负相关关系。本研究揭示了生物多样性对群落不同营养级的差异化影响,强调在探究海洋生态系统BEF关系时应考虑生态系统的营养结构,为海州湾生物多样性保护和多营养级协同管理提供了理论支撑。
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of mitochondrial fission related genes in Macrobrachium nipponensein response to carbonate alkalinity stress
LV Zhimin, LIU Jiaqi, WU Yijie, JIN Yiting, SUN Shengming
Abstract:
为探究日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)线粒体分裂相关基因MTFP1 (Mitochondrial fission process 1)与FIS1 (Mitochondrial fission protein 1)在碳酸盐碱度胁迫下分子应答机制，采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术，克隆了日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1基因cDNA全长序列，采用半定量 RT-PCR 与实时荧光定量 PCR分析目的基因在日本沼虾不同组织与不同碱度胁迫阶段的表达情况，采用免疫荧光技术分析了碳酸盐碱度胁迫下MTFP1与FIS1的表达与定位，利用透射电镜观察高碳酸盐碱度胁迫下，日本沼虾鳃与肝胰腺组织中线粒体结构损伤。结果显示，日本沼虾MTFP1基因cDNA全长1101bp，包括33 bp的5′非编码区、588 bp的3?非编码区和480 bp开放阅读框，编码159个氨基酸，包含一个MTP18超家族结构域；日本沼虾FIS1基因cDNA全长为1933bp，包括148 bp的5′非编码区、1324 bp的3?非编码区和480 bp开放阅读框，编码150个氨基酸，包含一个FIS1超家族结构域。氨基酸序列比对与系统进化树分析结果显示，日本沼虾MTFP1和FIS1氨基酸序列分别与其他甲壳动物的MTFP1和FIS1有着较近的进化关系。RT-PCR结果表明日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1基因在8个组织中均有表达，其中在鳃、肝胰腺和性腺中表达量较高。在急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫96 h过程中，日本沼虾鳃和肝胰腺组织MTFP1与FIS1基因表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。构建MTFP1与FIS1基因原核表达系统并制备多克隆抗体，免疫荧光结果显示急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫后，日本沼虾鳃和肝胰腺组织中MTFP1与FIS1蛋白表达阳性信号均明显增加。透射电镜观察结果显示急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫96 h后，日本沼虾鳃与肝胰腺组织中线粒体结构异常。研究表明，急性碳酸盐碱度胁迫显著提高日本沼虾MTFP1与FIS1转录表达水平。本研究为揭示线粒体分裂相关基因在虾类中的分子特征及其对高碳酸盐碱度胁迫的响应机制提供了基础数据。
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Comparison of morphological traits and path analysis of three populations of Procambarus clarkii
Xuguangwei, Liujiaqing, sunyunfei, Liyao, Huangchungui, Zhouwenzong, Longqiaolin, Chengyongxu
Abstract:
克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)是我国重要的经济虾类，目前规格变小和头大螯大尾小导致出肉率低等问题严重制约了产业的健康发展，因此大规格及螯小尾大克氏原螯虾新品系的选育工作极为重要。本文采用单因素方差分析、差异系数检验、主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析、相关性分析、回归分析和通径分析的方法比较分析了安徽宣城、江苏高邮和上海崇明3个克氏原螯虾群体的形态特征差异及其与体重的关系。单因素方差分析和差异系数检验显示，宣城群体拥有相对较短的头胸甲长，3个克氏原螯虾群体的形态差异并未达到亚种水平。主成分分析表明体宽特征（头胸甲宽和第一腹节宽）、头胸甲长特征、腹节长特征和螯长特征对3个群体的形态差异有显著影响。聚类分析表明，崇明和高邮群体欧氏距离最小，亲缘关系最近。体重因子、头胸甲宽特征、头胸甲高特征和螯长特征对判别准确率贡献度较大，对宣城群体判别准确率超过90%。通径分析表明，全长、体长、螯长和螯宽是影响体重的重要形态性状。综上，3个克氏原螯虾群体间具有一定程度的形态差异，可以作为育种基础群体，全长、体长、螯长和螯宽是影响体重的重要形态性状。本研究为大规格及螯小尾大克氏原螯虾育种基础群体的筛选提供数据支持。
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Effects of dietary seaweed polysaccharides on the growth and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
LI Hongwei, ZHOU Meng, YAO Min, WANG Jianlei, CHEN Feiyang, SUN Miao, DONG Yewei, YOU Cuihong
Abstract:
为探讨饲料中添加海藻多糖(藻维它913)对鱼类生长和肠道健康的影响，本研究在大口黑鲈商品饲料中分别添加0‰、1‰、2‰、3‰海藻多糖(D0-D3)，同时也设立添加2‰酵母细胞壁组(D4)。用这5组饲料投喂大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）幼鱼8周。结果显示，D2组鱼的增重率、特定生长率最高，显著高于对照组(D0)和D4组(P< 0.05)，其饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；各组鱼在全鱼体成分和前肠消化酶活性上没有显著性差异(P>0.05)；D2和D3组鱼的前肠绒毛完整性好于D0组，D2组的肌层厚度和杯状细胞数量显著高于D0组(P<0.05)；D2和D3组的溶菌酶(LZM)活性、D1和D2组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于D0组(P<0.05)；D2和D3组鱼前肠的zo-1、claudin-1、mucin-2、tlr4、hif、il-10 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)，而D1-D4组的il-1β和il-6和D2组的nf-kb mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。肠道内容物的短链脂肪酸组成显示，D3组的异丁酸含量和D4组的乙酸含量显著高于D0组(P<0.05)。肠道菌群结构中，PCoA分析显示D0、D1、D3组聚在一起，而D2与D4组的相似性高；D2和D4组的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)的丰度显著降低，罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)、范菌属(Pantoea)属的丰度显著升高(P<0.05)；D1组的潜在致病菌含量显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果表明，在饲料中添加2‰海藻多糖，可以提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长性能，改善肠绒毛完整性，提高肠道免疫力和抗氧化能力，改善肠道菌群结构，有益于肠道健康。结合增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数，推荐大口黑鲈幼鱼配合饲料中海藻多糖的适宜添加量分别为1.76‰、1.77‰、1.74‰。
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Assessment of potential ecological effects of biomanipulation strategies in small water bodies based on EwE model: A case study of Dishui Lake in Shanghai Lingang
Ye Leixu, Zhang wei, Li Yunkai
Abstract:
本研究基于Ecopath with Ecosim（EwE）模型，以上海滴水湖为典型城市小水体案例，基于2023—2024年生态调查数据，结合稳定同位素技术校正食物矩阵，构建Ecopath模型定量评估生态系统现状与鲢鳙生态容纳量，并基于Ecosim模拟不同生物操纵策略对生态系统的影响。结果表明，滴水湖的系统总流量为3376.93 t/(km2·a)，总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值为1.59，连接指数和杂食性指数分别为0.29、0.09，表明该生态系统仍处于不成熟阶段。模型估算的营养级与稳定同位素测定结果呈显著正相关（R2 = 0.88，p < 0.01），说明食物矩阵较为准确，模型具有较高的可信度。鲢鳙生态容纳量为22.01 t/km2，现存生物量为16.49 t/km2，仍有一定的增殖空间。Ecosim模拟结果表明，鲢鳙捕捞死亡率上升会间接影响顶级捕食者生物量，而鲢鳙生物量达到生态容纳量后，对浮游植物和浮游动物影响显著，且当前鳙鱼比例偏高，不利于藻类控制。因此，未来放流中应逐步增加鲢鳙生物量，优化鲢鳙放流比例，并补充鲤、鲫等中低营养级鱼类，提高营养级间的能量流动和转化，增强渔业生态系统的复杂性和稳定性。本研究可为滴水湖及类似小水体的放流策略优化提供重要依据。
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Trophic niches of six dominant coral reef fishes in Qilianyu Islands, Xisha Islands
gong yuyan, zhang jun, chen zuozhi, yang yutao
Abstract:
为探究西沙群岛七连屿优势珊瑚礁鱼类的种间及种内营养关系, 于2021年9月利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了七连屿6种常见优势珊瑚礁鱼类的营养结构特征。结果表明, 在6种优势鱼类中, 颊吻鼻鱼(Naso lituratus)的δ13C值最大, 平均为(?10.88±1.42)‰, δ15N值最小, 平均为(5.74±0.37)‰; 角镰鱼(Zanclus cornutus)的δ13C值最小, 平均为(?15.27±0.74)‰, 金带齿颌鲷(Gnathodentex aureolineatus)的δ15N值最大, 平均为(9.94±0.73)‰。总体上, 颊吻鼻鱼和双斑栉齿刺尾鱼(Ctenochaetus binotatus)主要分布在高δ13C低δ15N区, 角镰鱼、丝蝴蝶鱼(Chaetodon aurigaauriga)、金带齿颌鲷和蜂巢石斑鱼(Epinephelus merra)主要分布在低δ13C高δ15N区。颊吻鼻鱼、双斑栉齿刺尾鱼、角镰鱼、丝蝴蝶鱼、金带齿颌鲷和蜂巢石斑鱼的平均营养级分别为2.24、2.45、2.89、3.20、3.48和3.02。肉食性和杂食性鱼类的同位素生态位明显高于植食性鱼类, 各鱼类的同位素核心生态位均不重叠。除角镰鱼外, 其它鱼类体长与氮稳定同位素均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。除颊吻鼻鱼和角镰鱼外, 其余四种鱼类的营养级均随体长组的增大而增大。蜂巢石斑鱼各体长组的同位素生态位重叠程度最高, 表明其种内可能出现比较激烈的食物竞争。本研究通过研究七连屿6种优势珊瑚礁鱼类的种间及种内营养关系, 可为七连屿及南海食物网结构特征提供有力的数据支撑。
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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Habitat Distribution of Albacore Tuna in the South Pacific
Liu Liweń, Zheng Chunwen, Li Yalin, Zhou Xiang, Wu Feng, Zhu Jiangfeng, zhoucheng
Abstract:
本研究基于2020—2022年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)延绳钓渔捞日志数据, 采用地理加权随机森林(geographically weighted random forest, GWRF)模型, 结合Shapley模型可解释(shapley additive explanations, SHAP)技术, 构建了可解释的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地预测模型, 分析了关键环境因子对其分布的影响, 旨在为南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼栖息地研究及其可持续管理提供科学依据。研究结果表明在精度、准确率、召回率及受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)等关键指标上, 地理加权随机森林模型相较于传统随机森林(random forest, RF)模型提高了5%~10%; 因子重要性分析SHAP贡献度分析表明, 海表温度、海表溶解氧浓度、50 m深度温度及50 m深度溶解氧浓度是影响长鳍金枪鱼栖息地分布的关键环境因子; SHAP解释性分析进一步揭示了适宜的栖息环境特征, 即当海表温度和50 m深度温度处于15~20 ℃, 海表溶解氧浓度及50 m深度溶解氧浓度处于240~260 mmol/m3时, 最适宜长鳍金枪鱼栖息。单一样本的SHAP值分解分析进一步验证了适宜的温度及充足的溶解氧是影响长鳍金枪鱼栖息地选择的关键因素。本研究为深入理解其栖息地的空间分布格局及环境驱动机制提供了新的研究视角。
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Community structure of early life stage fish resources and its relationship with environmental factors in the Northern waters of Liaodong Bay
LI Xuening, BIAN Xiaodong, LI Xun, SUN Ming, Shan Xiujuan, LI Zhao
Abstract:
为了解辽东湾北部海域鱼类产卵现状和适宜产卵生境,基于14航次鱼卵、仔稚鱼调查数据,采用聚类分析、非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)等阐释鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构；采用典范对应分析(CCA)及曼特尔检验(Mantel 检验)等分析鱼卵、仔稚鱼时空分布特征与海表底温(SST/SBT)、海表底盐(SSS/SBS)、水深(Depth)、辽河月径流量(RD)和浮游生物湿重(WW)等环境因子关系。结果显示,调查期间辽东湾北部海域共记录鱼类早期资源51种；鱼卵与仔稚鱼群落结构在年内呈现显著月间更替,各月种类更替率均不低于50%,月间平均相异性均超过71.2%；NMDS和基于月份的聚类分析结果表明鱼卵可划分为3个群组,仔稚鱼可划分为4个群组。辽东湾北部海域主要产卵期为5月下旬至7月下旬及12月,鱼类早期资源优势种不突出,主要产卵种类为方氏云鳚Pholis fangi(Wang et Wang, 1935)、玉筋鱼Ammodytes personatus Girard, 1856、鮻Planilaza haematocheilus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845)、斑鰶Konosirus punctatus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846)、鳀Engraulis japonicus Temminck et Schlege1, 1846、蓝点马鲛Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832)、赤鼻棱鳀Thryssa kammalensis(Bleeker, 1849)、黄鲫Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes, 1848)、叫姑鱼Johnius grypotus(Richardson, 1846)和短吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus joyneri Günther, 1878。5月下旬至7月下旬主要产卵场位于锦州湾至白砂湾以北的小凌河、大凌河、辽河和大辽河的河流入海口附近海域；12月仔稚鱼密集区主要分布在连山湾-太平湾以北海域。SST、RD和Depth是影响鱼类早期资源群落结构时空变化主要环境因子。SST对于调查海域鱼类早期资源的时空分布具有重要的影响,并主导产卵鱼种适温属性由暖温性至暖温性-暖水性向冷温性更替。黄鲫、叫姑鱼卵和斑鰶、赤鼻棱鳀、鮻仔稚鱼空间分布与SST呈正相关；鳀、蓝点马鲛鱼卵和方氏云鳚、玉筋鱼仔稚鱼空间分布与SST呈负相关。RD主导海域盐度梯度和营养盐的丰富程度进而间接影响鱼卵仔稚鱼时空分布。短吻红舌鳎、叫姑鱼卵和斑鰶、方氏云鳚、赤鼻棱鳀仔稚鱼与RD呈正相关,蓝点马鲛卵和玉筋鱼仔稚鱼与RD呈负相关。Depth与水体理化特征和生物群落结构密切关联,显著影响鱼类产卵场选择。叫姑鱼、短吻红舌鳎卵和鮻仔稚鱼与Depth呈正相关,黄鲫鱼卵和斑鰶、赤鼻棱鳀仔稚鱼分布与Depth呈负相关。本研究将为辽东湾鱼类早期资源评价与保护研究积累基础数据资料。
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Analyze the environmental adaptability and interspecific relationships of fish species in Guangdong coastal waters during spring based on the HMSC model
zhangjunyi, Lijiajun, xuyouwei, sunmingshuai, Liuzikai, chenzuozhi, zhangkui
Abstract:
海洋鱼类分布与环境因子之间的关系一直是海洋生态学领域上研究的热点问题。群落层次模型（HMSC）是一种基于贝叶斯统计的多元分层广义线性混合效应模型，可以分析环境、种间关系和系统发育对物种分布的影响。为探究广东近海鱼类的环境适应性和种间关系，基于2018、2019、2020和2022年4个春季航次底拖网调查数据，结合水深、表层盐度、底层温度等相关环境因子构建了5种HMSC。研究结果表明，包含随机效应的模型一表现最优，特别对高营养级捕食者的拟合效果提升明显。水深是影响广东近海鱼类分布的关键因素，能够解释鱼类分布的62.1%，底层温度和表层盐度的解释力较弱，仅占3.5%和3.3%。鱼类种群之间关系大致可分为两组：一组与其他鱼类多呈正相关，另一组与其他鱼类多呈负相关。这些发现强调了水深和种间关系对广东近海鱼类分布具有重要影响，为广东近海鱼类资源管理及物种多样性保护提供了理论依据。
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Diversity and spatiotemporal distribution of larval and juvenile fishes and influence factor in the Yangtze River estuary
lutianyu, zhaodubin, chenjinhui, liuqiang, wangxiaodong, weiguangen, qiuzhewen, zhongjunsheng, linjun
Abstract:
为探究长江禁渔后鱼类早期资源的现状以及潮汐对仔稚鱼分布的影响，于2022年7月—2023年5月，在长江口中华鲟保护区及临近水域设置42个采样点，按季节分别在涨潮和退潮期间，采用大型仔稚鱼网(口径1.3 m、网目0.5 mm)进行表层水平拖网调查。共拖网336网，采集到89644尾仔稚鱼，隶属于20目23科81种，平均密度为0.59 ind./m3。鳀科是最优势科，占全年渔获总量的82.13%。夏季仔稚鱼密度最大，达到1.77 ind./m3；春季次之，为0.45 ind./m3；秋季再次之，为0.12 ind./m3；冬季最低，仅0.002 ind./m3。夏季仔稚鱼密度北支高于南支，保护区内最低；秋季仔稚鱼南支高于保护区，北支最低；除春季外，各季节涨潮时仔稚鱼密度均高于退潮。春季涨潮时仔稚鱼保护区高于南支，北支最低；退潮时北支高于保护区，南支最低。丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H')均为夏季最高，冬季最低，但均匀度指数(J')夏季略低于春季。对水温、盐度、pH、溶解氧进行CCA分析结果表明，盐度在四季节均与仔稚鱼分布相关性较大，其他环境因子仅在个别季节的涨潮或退潮时与仔稚鱼分布相关。
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Effects of Different Diets on Growth, Hormone Synthesis, and Health Status of Juvenile Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)
WangYuQi, FuPeng, WuJinPing, ZhangChuang, shenli, lengxiaoqian, LiLuoXin, LiuZhiGang, LuoJiang, DuHao
Abstract:
为研究不同饵料对长江鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)亚成体生长性能、激素合成及健康状况影响，挑选体重为(8.46±1.64)kg的4~6龄长江鲟亚成体90尾，随机分为5组，分别使用配合饲料、冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干、混合饵料1(配合饲料和冰鲜鱼)和混合饵料2(配合饲料和蚯蚓干)投喂1年。结果显示：(1) 配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和体长增长率(LGR)显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，混合饵料投喂的长江鲟亚成体各项生长指标介于配合饲料组与冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干组之间;(2) 冰鲜鱼、混合饵料1及蚯蚓干投喂的长江鲟亚成体雌鱼血清E2水平显著升高，蚯蚓干组及2个混合饵料组雄鱼血清T水平显著升高，同时冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干及混合饵料投喂显著提升了长江鲟亚成体血清脂质水平(P<0.05)。(3) 配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力与TP、ALB含量显著高于其余组(P<0.05)。(4) 配合饲料及混合饵料2投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，混合饵料1投喂长江鲟亚成体的血清SOD活力显著高于蚯蚓干及混合饵料2投喂。(5) 冰鲜鱼和2个混合饵料投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清C3含量显著高于配合饲料及蚯蚓干投喂(P<0.05)，而配合饲料、蚯蚓干和混合饵料2投喂的长江鲟亚成体血清C4水平较高。结果表明，配合饲料投喂的长江鲟亚成体在生长性能、蛋白质吸收和抗氧化能力上具有优势。冰鲜鱼、蚯蚓干及混合饵料投喂在促进性激素合成、脂质吸收及肝脏健康方面优于配合饲料，其中配合饲料与蚯蚓干混合投喂的长江鲟亚成体在激素合成、肝脏健康、抗氧化及免疫方面的综合表现最佳。本研究可为人工养殖长江鲟亚成体的投喂策略提供参考，也可借鉴冰鲜鱼及蚯蚓干的营养组成和长江鲟亚成体的代谢特性，研发长江鲟专用饲料。
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The role of pyloric caecum in the digestion and absorption of sugars in mandarin fish
Gaojinhua, 赵亮亮, yaoxiaoli, songyindu, machenxi, zhaojinliang
Abstract:
鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)是中国特有的淡水经济鱼类, 幽门盲囊是肉食性鱼类消化道的特有结构, 负责食物蛋白质和脂类的消化吸收, 但幽门盲囊对糖类的消化吸收作用尚不清晰。本研究通过鳜进食实验, 比较研究了餐后0~16 h血糖水平, 幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量、淀粉酶活性与Amy mRNA表达、葡萄糖转运蛋白Sglt1和Glut2 mRNA表达变化。结果表明, 鳜进食后, 幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量、淀粉酶活性、Amy mRNA表达均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势, 在6 h达到峰值, 4~12 h显著高于其他时段; 幽门盲囊中淀粉酶活性、Amy mRNA表达与前肠间无显著差异, 但显著高于中肠。进食后, 血糖水平变化与幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中糖原含量变化趋势一致。当血糖水平升高时, 鳜Sglt1可能主要起到对葡萄糖的吸收作用, 糖类的转运作用可能主要由Glut2来介导。Sglt1 mRNA在幽门盲囊、前肠和中肠中表达峰值均在进食后1 h。幽门盲囊Glut2 mRNA表达量显著高于前肠, 极显著高于中肠, 且在4~12 h表达量显著高于其他时段。综上认为, 鳜幽门盲囊是主要的糖类消化部位之一, 也是主要吸收及转运部位, 进食后4~12 h是糖类消化吸收的旺盛期。
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Fish diversity in Laizhou Bay marine ranch based on eDNA Metabarcoding
wusihang, yanpengjin, anchangting, liang, lijiao, cheshuai, liuchenglei, liushufang
Abstract:
本研究采用eDNA宏条形码(Environmental DNA metabarcoding)技术，基于黄渤海鱼类12S rDNA本地数据库，对莱州湾金城海洋牧场的鱼类多样性进行了监测。结果表明：(1) 海洋牧场共检测出鱼类84种。与2009年牧场建设时采用流网、地笼和延绳钓方法在该海域仅获得4种鱼类的本底调查结果相比,本次调查结果凸显了eDNA宏条形码技术在生物多样性监测方面的高灵敏性优势,也为海洋牧场的聚鱼效果提供了有力证据。(2) eDNA检出鱼类与莱州湾鱼类历史记录有41种重叠,占eDNA检出鱼类总数的48.81%,占莱州湾记录种的50.62%,其余43种为黄渤海记录种。影响eDNA调查结果与莱州湾记录种间相关性的主要原因,除了调查方法对目标种的捕获效率不同之外,还与试验海洋牧场的特殊位置、鱼类种群分布的年际变化等因素有关。(3) 从季节差异看,冬季检出种类最多,60种；夏季最少,仅有30种；四季共有鱼类12种。Alpha多样性分析结果表明,研究区域的秋和夏季鱼类多样性高于冬和春季。同时,Beta多样性显示不同季节间的鱼类群落结构差异大于同一季节内不同站位间的差异。(4) 本研究还对比了黄渤海鱼类12S rDNA本地数据库和NCBI数据库物种注释的结果,虽然NCBI数据库的物种覆盖度更高,但本地数据库注释结果的准确性更胜一筹,不但可以排除非目标物种的干扰,还纠正了NCBI数据库对5种鱼类的注释错误。综上,eDNA宏条形码技术不仅克服了传统拖网方法在鱼礁区渔获少、网具易破损等问题,且非入侵性特点避免了对生态环境的破坏,可成为监测海洋牧场鱼类群落动态变化的重要手段。本次调查发现,eDNA还具有监测多种生态类型和生活习性鱼类的技术优势,为莱州湾鱼类多样性保护和管理提供了更全面的基础数据,也为海洋牧场生物资源修复效果评价提供了有力的技术支撑,有助于推动海洋牧场的科学管理和可持续发展。
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Review of the major safety issues in offshore net cage aquaculture systems
Huang Xiaohua, Liu Hangfei, Pang Guoliang, LI Gen, Yuan Taiping, Hu Yu, Tao Qiyou
Abstract:
近些年以大型网箱为主导的深远海规模化养殖取得显著成效，在建设蓝色粮仓、拓展海洋养殖空间以及发展海洋经济新质生产力等方面发挥着重要作用。然而，深远海养殖生产实践中存在的系统安全问题仍然比较突出，制约了深远海网箱养殖产业的高质量发展。本文立足我国深远海网箱养殖产业发展现状，从养殖生产角度就网箱养殖系统当前面临的结构安全、网衣破损、鱼类监测等主要安全问题进行剖析，详细介绍国内外关于网箱设施安全设计、养殖运营网衣安全、养殖鱼类安全监测等方面的技术研究及应用情况，并从科学选址、设施安全、品种选择、智慧管控、养殖保险等方面，对深远海网箱安全养殖发展提出相关建议。
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Cloning, Heterologous Expression and Enzymatic Properties of Leucine Aminopeptidase from Euphausia superba
Tan jia hao, Zou hua ying, Sheng jun, Wang fang, Chen meng yao, Song jia, xu jia kun
Abstract:
本研究旨在从南极磷虾基因转录组中筛选克隆获得一种亮氨酸氨肽酶基因EsLAP,构建重组表达载体EsLAP-pET-28a,并借助分子伴侣在大肠杆菌中实现其可溶性表达。利用三因素三水平响应面法对诱导条件进行优化,并对重组酶酶学性质进行了研究。EsLAP基因全长1569 bp,编码522个氨基酸,理论分子量(MW)为55302.67 Da,等电点(pI)为6.16。序列与结构分析表明,EsLAP具有M17家族肽酶的典型肽酶催化结构域及底物特异性结合位点。EsLAP最佳表达条件为：IPTG浓度0.7 mM、接种量3%、诱导时间19 h。酶学性质分析显示,EsLAP最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH为8.5,其中粗酶酶活为265.6 U/mL,比酶活为33.15 U/mg。金属离子Co2+和Mn2+可显著增强酶活,其中Co2+可使酶活提高至原始水平的296%。EDTA可以显著抑制其酶活,表明EsLAP是金属蛋白酶。β-mercaptoethanol、NaBH4、DTT等强还原剂显著抑制酶活,可以使剩余酶活降低至10%以下。底物特异性研究表明,EsLAP对Leu-pNA的降解效率最好,表明其为亮氨酸氨肽酶。本研究首次报道南极磷虾来源的亮氨酸氨肽酶的克隆表达及酶学特性,相关结果为其在食品与医药工业中用于降解N-端含亮氨酸的功能肽提供了潜在应用基础。
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Interactions between cetaceans and fisheries in the ecosystem of adjacent waters of Zhangzi Island
wang zhilin, wei xu, si liwei, li yi, liu hang, an wencong, zhang yanchao, xu longfei, li qingxia, gao dongkui, tian tao, wu zhongxin
Abstract:
探讨海洋哺乳动物与渔业之间的相互作用已成为基于生态系统渔业管理的重要研究内容。近年来随着獐子岛邻近海域渔业资源养护的不断向好，小鳁鲸(Balaenoptera acutorostrata)、江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri)等鲸类数量逐渐增加，同时中上层拖网和近海休闲海钓等渔业方式也直接或间接影响着鲸类的饵料资源，鲸类与渔业在食物网内的相互作用及其对近海生态系统结构和功能的影响目前尚不明确。为此，本研究基于Ecopath软件构建了獐子岛邻近海域食物网模型，评价该生态系统的结构和功能特征并分析鲸类在食物网中的营养作用及其与主要渔业之间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明：獐子岛邻近海域生态系统中各功能组营养级范围为1~4.24，其中小鳁鲸营养级为3.76，江豚为最高营养级物种(4.24)，江豚的关键度指数(?0.53)及相对总影响值(0.33)均高于小鳁鲸(?0.82、0.17)。混合营养效应(MTI)分析表明，小鳁鲸及江豚对第IV和第III营养级物种的消极影响均大于其积极影响，其中江豚对食物网造成的消极影响最大(7.5%)，其对第Ⅲ营养级物种影响最为强烈，分别造成14.5%积极影响和22.2%的消极影响；渔业方式中中上层拖网(30.8%)及休闲垂钓(26.7%)对食物网造成的消极影响最高。该生态系统中鲸类消费量仅占各物种总消费量的0.3%，潜水捕捞(39.2%)及中上层拖网(24.5%)渔获量占总消费流量比例最高。此外，生态位重叠指数显示，江豚与中上层拖网之间的资源竞争程度较高(0.75)，而小鳁鲸和江豚与总渔业之间的生态位重叠指数仅分别为0.03和0.33。两种鲸类中江豚与渔业的作用强度更高，但两者捕食对研究区域的食物网影响均远低于渔业开发。研究结果为实现区域海洋哺乳动物保护与渔业资源的协同管理提供参考。
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Study of Feeding Strategy and Crucial Morphological Changes of Artemia under Indoor Mass Culture Conditions
luyulong, wuxinhua, yanxinrong, wanxuerui, dongkaoshuai, mahaoran, gaomeirong, suiliying
Abstract:
本研究探究了在室内高密度养殖生产高质量、规格均一卤虫的投喂策略,明确了高密度养殖中卤虫形态发育变化的关键期。首先在10 L锥形养殖桶中,以等鞭金藻为基础饵料,养殖中后期补充颗粒大小为25~30 μm的人工饵料养殖卤虫,设置3.33 g(X-0.5)、6.70 g(X-1)和10.02 g(X-1.5)三个总投喂量,测定不同投喂量下卤虫的生长和水体总氮和无机氮含量变化。结果表明,当投喂量为X-1和X-1.5时,卤虫体长及生物量显著高于X-0.5(P＜0.05)。养殖过程中NO2--N、NH4+-N和TN整体变化趋势保持一致,但NO3--N变化趋势存在差异,当投喂量为X-0.5时,NO3--N有升高趋势；投喂量为X-1时,NO3--N趋势变化平稳；投喂量为X-1.5时,NO3--N有下降趋势。总体而言,高氮养殖环境未对卤虫养殖产生不良影响。之后将X-1投喂量应用于1吨水体卤虫养殖13天,明确了养殖过程中的附肢发育期和第二触角退化期两个关键时期,此时卤虫存活率易发生大幅下降。养殖结束后,卤虫存活率为72.3±1.2%,生物量为2230±112.7 g,平均体长为7.24±0.09 mm。人工养殖卤虫的粗蛋白含量为52.28±0.19%干重,粗脂肪含量为17.64±7.01%干重,EPA含量为7.56±1.51 mg/g干重,均高于渤海湾盐田卤虫成虫。综上,卤虫养殖前期使用粒径较小且易消化的单胞藻,中后期适量投喂人工饲料,可实现稳定的卤虫产量,养殖过程中应密切关注关键时期卤虫的密度变化。本研究结果不仅为卤虫室内规模化养殖提供策略指导,而且为实验动物卤虫的科学研究中获得数量稳定的健康卤虫提供方法参考。
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The effects of bar spacing and inclination angles of Nordm?re grid on the stability of the trawl cod-end
Abstract:
Nordm?re 栅栏是一种广泛用于虾拖网渔业中减少副渔获物的栅型兼捕减少装置。其栅条间距和栅栏倾角不仅影响网囊结构水动力，对网囊系统的稳定性也会产生一定影响。本研究通过动水槽模型试验，探究了栅条间距（15 mm、25 mm、35 mm、45 mm）和栅栏倾角（30°、45°、60°）对网囊系统阻力和形态的影响变化，结果表明：（1）网囊阻力随着栅栏倾角和流速的增大而增大，但随栅条间距的增大而减小。不同装配倾角的网囊平均阻力从大到小依次为，A-60°栅>A-45°栅> A-30°栅>无栅栏。无栅栏网囊的平均阻力分别比A-60°栅、A-45°栅和A-30°小170%、120%和72%；（2）随着栅栏倾角的增大，网囊轮廓形态扩张效果显著，网囊垂直方向的中心点位置偏低。随着流速增大，网囊整体形态呈收缩趋势。栅栏倾角为A-60°时，网囊周长较倾角A-30°和A-45°时分别增大了18%和8%；（3）测试中发现，网囊阻力呈一定程度波动规律，随流速增大，网囊阻力振荡效果越显著；当栅栏倾角为A-30°时，网囊阻力振荡效果最为显著，栅栏倾角为A-45°时，网囊阻力振荡效果较弱；栅栏倾角为A-30°时的阻力平均振幅较A-45°时增大26%；（4）栅条间距对网囊阻力振荡影响并不显著。本研究结果对优化设计栅型兼捕减少装置，提高拖网选择性具有重要意义。
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Energy flow characteristics of food web in Lvsi fishing ground based on LIM-MCMC
Zhang Hu, Zhang Zhuodi, Li pengcheng, Ben Chengkai, Xue Ying, Zhu Chaowen, Xiao Yueyue, Zu kaiwei, Yuan Jianmei, Hu Haisheng, Zhang Rui
Abstract:
食物网能量流动对于维持海洋生态系统结构、功能及其稳定性具有重要意义，有助于深入了解海洋生态系统食物网营养动力学过程及其重要性。本研究根据2023年在吕泗渔场海域开展的季节性生物资源调查数据，构建了马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗逆线性模型（Linear inverse model with markov chain monte carlo, LIM-MCMC），并结合生态网络分析（Ecological network analysis, ENA）探究该海域食物网能量流动特征和生态系统状态。结果表明，该海域海洋生物可划分为22个功能群，共形成224条能量流动路径。由浮游动物所同化的能量，经过斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、其它底栖生物、其它软体动物等功能群向上传递，维持着高营养级生物的生长、发育和繁殖。尽管浮游动物包括21条能量流出路径，但其摄食的能量绝大部分通过呼吸消耗损失，为1764.70 kg.km-2.year-1，未能有效的向更高营养级传递。此外，该海域生态系统的总流量（Total system throughput, TST）、总初级生产力/总呼吸（Total primary production/Total respiration, TPP/TR）、总初级生产力（Total primary production, TPP）、系统连接指数（Connectance, C）和发展程度（Extent of development, AC）、约束效率（Constraint efficiency, CE）、芳恩循环指数（Finn’s cycling index, FCI）、协同效应指数（Synergism index, b/c）、主导间接效应（Dominance indirect effects, i/d）分别为5421.34 kg.km-2.year-1、1803.92 kg.km-2.year-1、1.00、0.41和0.93、0.75、0.24、1.32、5.46。与其它海域生态系统比较表明，该海域生态系统规模较大、更成熟，食物网结构也相对复杂，能够在较大程度上抵御外界扰动。此外，该海域生态系统发展空间较大、网络约束较低，对能量利用效率较低，具有较高的可持续性。本研究将有助于为吕泗渔场海域食物网营养动力学深入研究以及该海域渔业资源的科学管理提供科学依据。
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Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of different selective breeding generations in Procambarus clarkii using microsatellite markers
Lin Shiyu, Tao Yang, Chen Nan, Liao Mingcong, Wang Jianghua, Gu Zemao
Abstract:
为了解人工选育对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)选育群体的遗传多样性的影响,研究采用20个微卫星标记比较分析了克氏原螯虾5个连续选育世代(F1-F5)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示：20个微卫星标记在389尾样本中共检测到246个等位基因,每个位点检测到的等位基因为5~22个,平均为12.30个。选育过程中,F1到F5的平均观测杂合度(Ho)从0.539下降至0.433,平均期望杂合度(He)从0.734下降至0.680,平均多态信息含量(PIC)从0.695下降至0.638。尽管选育群体的Ho、He和PIC均有所下降,但依然处于较高水平。F-检验结果显示,基于微卫星标记的选育群体的近交系数(Fis)介于0.106~0.622,平均值为0.304,所有多态性位点均为正值,说明群体中存在一定程度的近交。世代间配对比较的遗传分化指数(Fst)值介于0.010~0.039,说明群体的遗传分化处于低等水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,F1-F5中的遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.16%)。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统发育树结果显示,F1、F2独立聚类为一支,F4与F5先聚类,再与F3聚类为另一支,遗传结构已经发生改变。综上所述,克氏原螯虾经多代人工选择后,选育群体的遗传多样性依然维持在较高水平,具有进一步选育的潜力,今后选育过程中应引入不同来源亲本或增加育种亲本数量,减少近交现象的发生。
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Prediction of South Pacific Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) recruitment based on the LASSO regression method
Wang Yang, Zhu Jiangfeng, Zhang Fan, Geng Zhe
Abstract:
种群补充是维持资源可持续的关键生物学过程，准确预测和理解补充量的变异性已经成为渔业管理的核心问题。以往对南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus alalunga）补充量的预测方法在处理环境变量间多重共线性及筛选关键驱动变量方面时存在显著局限性，容易导致模型过拟合及预测精度下降。为弥补以上不足，本研究引入LASSO回归算法以优化预测变量筛选过程并提升预测精度。基于2000-2017年观测数据构建模型，并结合CMIP6多模式气候预测数据对2018-2100年补充量进行长期预测。结果表明，LASSO方法通过收缩无关变量，有效消除变量冗余，提高了模型预测精度。最佳模型解释率为45.9%，其中海表温度（SST）和混合层深度（MLD）为预测补充量的重要因子。预测结果显示，在二氧化碳较高排放情形下（SSP585，SSP370），在2070年代种群补充量趋近于零，种群崩溃风险显著升高；在低碳路径（SSP126）下，补充量仍呈现持续性衰减趋势。本研究结果为渔业资源预测及变量选择介绍了有效方法，并构建气候-补充耦合预测模型，为制定适应性管理策略、规避种群崩溃风险提供了量化决策支持。
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Evaluation of self and hybrid culture edible rate, quality and toxic heavy metals of male Chinese mitten crab reared in cold regions
Sujunjie, Wangshihui, Zhangshuqi, Zhaozhigang, Luoliang, Zhangrui, Guokun
Abstract:
为筛选适宜在寒地养殖的河蟹种质并评价其品质特征，本研究对三种配组河蟹(辽河自交LL、长江自交YY、辽河♀×长江♂杂交LY)扣蟹进行为期5个月的养殖，获得成体雄蟹并比较了可食率、肥满度、色泽、常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、游离氨基酸组成、矿物质元素组成以及有毒重金属元素。结果表明：LY的出肉率MY和总可食率TEY显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；YY和LY头胸甲红度值、肝胰腺亮度值均显著高于LL (P< 0.05)，LY肝胰腺黄度值显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的粗蛋白含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY肝胰腺中∑PUFA、∑EFA、n-3/n-6 PUFA和DHA/EPA高于其余两组； LY性腺系统中脯氨酸Pro含量、肌肉中丙氨酸Ala和脯氨酸Pro含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总苦味氨基酸∑TBV相对较少；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总矿物质元素∑TME显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，LY的铁Fe和锌Zn含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LL、YY和和LY中有毒重金属元素含量远低于食品中污染物限量国家标准。综上所述，虽然LL肝胰腺指数HSI和性腺指数GSI较高，LL在肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂含量和∑EFAA高于其余两组，YY肝胰腺和性腺系统中的灰分含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，但LY在绝大多数大部分指标上更占据优势，表现出更高的营养价值和食用安全性。
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Study on the habitat suitability of Miichthys miiuy along the coast of Zhejiang
shen jia rong, jiang ri jin, cui ming yuan, yin rui, zhang hong liang, li qi qun, zhang yu rong
Abstract:
鮸(Miichthys miiuy) 是浙江近海主要的经济鱼类之一，为了解浙江近海鮸栖息地分布与环境因子的关系，本研究根据2022年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2023年2月(冬季)在浙江近海开展的渔业资源调查数据和同步采集的环境数据，确定了浙江近海鮸的适宜性指数(suitability index, SI)，通过提升树回归模型(boosting regression tree, BRT)赋予各环境因子权重，利用算术平均法(arithmetic mean model, AMM)和几何平均法(geometric mean model, GMM)分别构建栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index, HSI)模型。结果表明：2022~2023年浙江近海鮸栖息地存在季节性差异。春夏两季，鮸最适栖息于底层盐度范围为26.4~32.1的近岸水域；秋季，鮸最适栖息地向离岸侧移动，最适栖息于20~40 m的近海岛礁水域；冬季，鮸最适栖息于底层温度为11.0~14.1 ℃的近海深水区。浙江近海鮸栖息地时空分布的差异主要受环境因子和鮸生活习性的影响。
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Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia
YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming
Abstract:
本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。
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Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng
Abstract:
本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。
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1.3 RT-qPCR
zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei
Abstract:
毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。
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Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles
WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli
Abstract:
本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。
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Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay
Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang
Abstract:
通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。
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Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis
Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei
Abstract:
为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。
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