Volume 32,2025 Issue 8

研究论文

• Identification of aquaporin family genes and expression study under salinity stress in the blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

  LI Shanshan, YU Xinxin, ZHENG Guodong, ZOU Shuming

  2025,32(8):1057-1067, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0158

  Abstract: (16) HTML (0) PDF (74.66 K)(388)

  Abstract:

  Aquaporin (AQP) is a transmembrane transport protein that plays an important role in biological processes such as water balance and osmotic pressure regulation. The blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is a unique herbivorous freshwater economic fish species in China that presents limited growth at a salinity of 2. To further investigate the structure and function of AQPs in the blunt snout bream and its adaptive characteristics under salinity stress, 19 AQP genes were identified throughout the entire genome of the blunt snout bream using bioinformatics methods, which showed that they were unevenly distributed on 12 different chromosomes. According to the phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, and motif analysis, the AQP of the blunt snout bream can be divided into four subfamilies. Moreover, the gene structure, motif composition, and sequence of the same subfamily were relatively similar. Multiple sequence alignment of the AQP protein sequences of the blunt head bream with other bony fish and higher vertebrates was performed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results revealed that the AQP of the blunt head bream was highly conserved during the evolutionary process, which is of great significance for further research on the role of the blunt head bream AQPs. The qRT PCR study showed that the expression of 19 AQPs was generally low in 10 tissues, including the gills, kidneys, intestines, and liver of the pufferfish. Among them, only the expression of AQP3b was highest in the gill tissue responsible for osmotic pressure regulation. AQP8a.2 was highly expressed in the intestine, while AQP12 was highly expressed in the liver tissue. Further research has shown that under salinity stress of 2–4, there is a positive correlation between the volume change of interlayer cell clusters (ILCM) in the gill tissue and the expression level of AQP3b in the gills of the blunt snout bream. In the initial stage of salt stress, the expression level of AQP3b gene significantly decreased with the increase of stress time (P＜0.05), but gradually recovered after adapting to salt stress.This indicates that the blunt snout bream undergoes gill remodeling under salinity stress to maintain osmotic pressure balance within the body. This research result indicates that AQP3b plays an important role in salinity adaptation and osmotic pressure regulation in the gill tissue of blunt snout bream. The systematic study and analysis on the AQPs of the blunt snout bream revealed that members of the family of AQPs exhibit evolutionary and functional conservation. The study on the morphology of the gill tissue and expression level of AQP3b in the gills of the blunt snout bream showed that tissue and gene coordination occurs in response to salinity stress and has positive regulatory effects on osmotic pressure changes, thereby helping the fish to adapt to environmental changes more quickly. The results of this study provide a molecular basis for further research on the adaptation mechanism of blunt snout bream.

• Role of pyloric caecum in the digestion and absorption of sugars in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)

  GAO Jinhua, ZHAO Liangliang, YAO Xiaoli, SONG Yindu, MA Chenxi, ZHAO Jinliang

  2025,32(8):1068-1078, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0039

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  Abstract:

  Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a highly valuable freshwater carnivorous fish species that is extensively cultured in China. The pyloric caecum is a unique structure in the digestive tract of carnivorous fish that plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of food proteins and lipids. However, the effects of the pyloric caecum on digestion and absorption remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the pyloric caecum in the digestion and absorption of sugars in mandarin fish. Through a feeding experiment with mandarin fish, we compared and analyzed the blood glucose level, glycogen content, amylase activity, and amylase (Amy) mRNA, Na⁺/glucose transporters 1 (Sglt1) mRNA and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) mRNA expression in the pyloric caecum, proximal intestine, and mid-intestine after feeding for 0 to 16 h. The results indicated that following feeding, the trends in glycogen content, amylase activity, and Amy mRNA expression were consistent, with all showing an increasing and then decreasing trend and a peak at 6 h. Moreover, the values were significantly higher from 4 to 12 h compared to the other time periods. During other periods, amylase activity and Amy mRNA expression did not significantly differ between the pyloric caecum and proximal intestine; however, both were significantly higher than those observed in the mid-intestine. The changes in blood glucose levels were consistent with the glycogen content trends in the pyloric caecum, proximal intestine, and mid-intestine after feeding for 0 to 16 h. When blood glucose levels increased, Sglt1 may mainly play a key role in glucose absorption, while the transport of sugars may be mediated by Glut2. The expression of Sglt1 mRNA peaked at 1 h after feeding in the pyloric caecum, proximal intestine, and mid-intestine. The expression of Glut2 mRNA in the pyloric caecum was significantly higher than that in the proximal intestine and very significantly higher than that in the mid-intestine. Additionally, the Glut2 mRNA expression levels were significantly greater at 4 h to 12 h compared to the other time intervals. In conclusion, the pyloric caecum of mandarin fish is one of the main digestive and absorptive tissues, and the peak period for sugar digestion and absorption was between 4 h and 12 h after feeding.

• Gene cloning, heterologous expression and enzymatic properties of leucine aminopeptidase from Euphausia superba

  TAN Jiahao, ZOU Huaying, SHENG Jun, WANG Fang, CHEN Mengyao, SONG Jia, XU Jiakun

  2025,32(8):1079-1092, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0122

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  Abstract:

  The objective of this study was to screen and clone a leucine aminopeptidase gene (EsLAP) from the transcriptome of Euphausia superba, construct the recombinant expression vector EsLAP-PET-28A, and achieve soluble expression in Escherichia coli through co-expression of a molecular chaperone. The induction conditions were optimized by using the three-factor and three-level response surface method, and the enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzyme were systematically characterized. The total length of the EsLAP gene was 1569 bp, and it encoded 522 amino acids, with a theoretical molecular weight of 55302.67 Da and an isoelectric point of 6.16. Sequence and structural analysis indicated that EsLAP possesses typical peptidase catalytic domains and substrate-specific binding sites of M17 family peptidases. The optimal expression conditions of EsLAP were determined through response surface optimization as follows: IPTG concentration of 0.7 mmol/L, inoculation dose of 3%, and induction time of 19 h. Enzymatic property analysis showed that the optimal reaction temperature of EsLAP was 60 ℃, the optimal pH was 8.5, the crude enzyme activity was 265.6 U/mL, and the specific enzyme activity was 33.15 U/mg. Metal ions Co²⁺ and Mn²⁺ can significantly enhance enzyme activity, among which Co²⁺ can increase enzyme activity to 296% of the original level. EDTA can significantly inhibit its enzymatic activity, indicating that EsLAP is a metalloproteinase. Strong reducing agents such as β-mercaptoethanol, NaBH₄, and DTT significantly inhibit enzyme activity and can reduce the remaining enzyme activity to less than 10%. Substrate specificity analysis showed that EsLAP had the highest catalytic efficiency for Leu-pNA, further verifying that it was leucine aminopeptidase. This is the first report on the heterologous expression and enzymatic characteristics of leucine aminopeptidase derived from Euphausia superba. The related results provide a potential application basis for its use in the food and pharmaceutical industries to degrade N-terminal leucine-containing functional peptides.

• Comparison of the quality and toxic heavy metal content of male Chinese mitten crab from three crossbred cultured in cold regions

  SU Junjie, WANG Shihui, ZHAO Zhigang, LUO Liang, ZHANG Rui, GUO Kun, ZHANG Shuqi

  2025,32(8):1093-1109, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0055

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  Abstract:

  To screen suitable germplasm of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) for cold region aquaculture and evaluate their quality characteristics, this study conducted a 5-month cultivation experiment on three crossbred juvenile crab groups [Liaohe inbred (LL), Yangtze inbred (YY), and Liaohe♀× Yangtze♂ hybrid (LY)]. Adult male crabs were collected to compare the edible yield, condition factor, coloration, proximate composition, fatty acid profiles, free amino acid compositions, mineral element contents, and toxic heavy metal elements. The results demonstrated that LY exhibited significantly higher meat yield (MY) and total edible yield (TEY) compared to the other groups (P＜0.05). The condition factor (CF) of the males did not significantly differ among these three groups (P＞0.05). YY and LY showed significantly higher carapace redness (a*) and hepatopancreas lightness (L*) than LL (P＜0.05), while LY displayed significantly higher hepatopancreas yellowness (b*) (P＜0.05). LY contained significantly higher crude protein content in both the gonadal system and muscle tissues (P＜0.05). The hepatopancreas of LY contained higher ∑PUFA, ∑EFA, n-3/n-6 PUFA, and DHA/EPA values compared with those of the other two groups. The gonadal system of LY showed significantly higher proline (Pro) content (P＜0.05), while the muscle contained significantly higher alanine (Ala) and Pro (P＜0.05). LY demonstrated relatively lower total bitter-taste amino acids (∑TBV) in both tissues. LY exhibited significantly higher total mineral elements (∑TME) in gonads and muscle (P＜0.05), with notably elevated iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations (P＜0.05). All groups showed toxic heavy metal contents far below the national food safety limits. Although LL demonstrated a higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI), superior total lipid content, and ∑EFAA in hepatopancreas and muscle and YY showed a significantly higher ash content in the hepatopancreas and gonads (P＜0.05), LY exhibited predominant advantages in most evaluation metrics, e.g., higher MY, TEY, carapace a*, hepatopancreas L*, contents of crude protein in the gonadal system and muscle, contents of ∑PUFA, ∑EFA, n-3/n-6 PUFA, and DHA/EPA in the hepatopancreas, content of Pro in the gonadal system, contents of Ala and Pro in the muscle, ∑TME in the gonadal system and muscle, and contents of Fe and Zn in the edible tissues. The hybrid LY displayed superior edibility and nutritional value, demonstrating optimal comprehensive characteristics for cold-region aquaculture.

• Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of different selective breeding generations in Procambarus clarkii

  LIN Shiyu, TAO Yang, CHEN Nan, LIAO Mingcong, WANG Jianghua, GU Zemao

  2025,32(8):1110-1122, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0059

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  China is currently the largest producer and consumer of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in the world. However, self-propagation breeding has resulted in germplasm degradation, which led to smaller body sizes and weaker disease resistance. Thus, implementing selective breeding to enhance commercially desirable traits is critical issue for the sustainable development of the P. clarkii industry. Maintenance of high genetic diversity within breeding populations is essential for a selective breeding program. Microsatellites are valuable tools for analyzing genetic diversity and structure in aquatic species. In this study, 20 microsatellite markers were analyzed across five consecutive generations (F₁‒F₅) of P. clarkii (n=389). The base population was sourced from wild populations from Jieliang Lake (Hubei Province), Honghu Lake (Hubei Province), and Hongze Lake (Jiangsu Province). The results showed that the number of alleles per loci ranged from 5 to 22, with an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.711, indicating substantial genetic polymorphism suitable for further research. Throughout the five selected generations, the average number of effective alleles (N_e) decreased from 4.216 to 3.815, the average observed heterozygosity (H_o) decreased from 0.539 to 0.433, the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) decreased from 0.734 to 0.680, and the average PIC decreased from 0.695 to 0.638. Although N_e, H_o, H_e, and PIC showed a decreasing trend over successive generations, the differences were not significant (Kruskal‒Wallis test, df=4, P＞0.05). Therefore, genetic diversity was maintained in the selected strains over five generations. The inbreeding coefficient (F_is) ranged from 0.106 to 0.622, with an average of 0.304, and all microsatellite loci were positive, indicating inbreeding within the five successive generations. Genetic distances between F₁‒F₅ ranged from 0.061 to 0.222, with the smallest genetic distance observed between F₁ and F₂ and the largest between F₂ and F₄. The genetic differentiation coefficients (F_st) among the five successive P. clarkii generations were all less than 0.050, suggesting a low level of genetic differentiation. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 95.16% of genetic variation occurred within generations, while 4.84% was attributed to differences among generations, suggesting the occurrence of genetic differentiation among the generations. According to the genetic distance data, the cluster tree constructed by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means showed that the five generations were divided into two branches. F₁ and F₂ were clustered into one branch, and F₄ and F₅ clustered first before merging with F₃ as another branch. In conclusion, the genetic diversity of each generation was maintained at a relatively high level, indicating that there is still potential for breeding in selected strains of P. clarkii. In future breeding programs, parental populations from diverse genetic backgrounds should be incorporated or the number of breeding individuals should be increased to mitigate inbreeding depression.

• Effects of dietary seaweed polysaccharides on growth and intestinal health of juvenile Micropterus salmoides

  LI Hongwei, ZHOU Meng, SUN Miao, DONG Yewei, YOU Cuihong

  2025,32(8):1123-1137, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0013

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  To explore the effects of dietary seaweed polysaccharides (Algaevita 913) on the growth and intestinal health in fish, this study added 0‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ seaweed polysaccharides (D0–D3) to the commercial feed of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and set up a positive control with 2‰ yeast cell wall (D4). The five diets were used to feed the juvenile M. salmoides for 8 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in group D2 were the highest, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (D0) and D4 (P＜0.05). Moreover, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), hepatosomatic index, and viscerosomatic index were significantly lower in D2 than in D0 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the whole fish body composition and digestive enzyme activity in the foregut of each group (P＞0.05). The integrity of the foregut villi in D2 and D3 was better than that in D0, and the thickness of the muscle layer and the number of goblet cells in D2 were significantly higher than those in D0 (P＜0.05). The lysozyme (LZM) activity in both D2 and D3 and catalase (CAT) activity in both D1 and D2 were significantly higher than those in D0 in the foregut (P＜0.05). The expression levels of zo-1, occludin, mucin-2, tlr4, hif, and il-10 mRNA in the foregut of fish in D2 and D3 were increased (P＜0.05), while the expression levels of il-1β and il-6 in D1–D4 and nf-kb mRNA in D2 significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The composition of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal contents showed that the contents of isobutyric acid in D3 and acetic acid in D4 were significantly higher than those in D0 (P＜0.05). In terms of the intestinal microbiota structure, D0, D1, and D3 were clustered together, while D2 and D4 were highly similar based on the PCoA analysis. In D2 and D4, the abundance of Pseudomonas and Cetobacterium significantly decreased while the abundance of Ralstonia and Pantoea significantly increased (P＜0.05). The content of potential pathogenic bacteria in D1 was significantly lower than that in D0 (P＜0.05). The above results showed that adding 2‰ seaweed polysaccharides to the feed could improve the growth performance, intestinal villi integrity, intestinal immunity, antioxidant capacity, and improve the intestinal microbial structure, which was beneficial to intestinal health. For the WGR, SGR, and FCR, the optimum levels of seaweed polysaccharides in the feed of largemouth bass juveniles are 1.76‰, 1.77‰, and 1.74‰, respectively.

• Effects of different diets on the growth, hormone synthesis, and health status of juvenile Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus)

  WANG Yuqi, FU Peng, WU Jinping, ZHANG Chuang, SHEN Li, LENG Xiaoqian, LI Luoxin, LIU Zhigang, LUO Jiang, DU Hao

  2025,32(8):1138-1148, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0036

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  The natural population of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) has been declared extinct; therefore, the species is sustained by artificial breeding. Nutritional challenges are a significant obstacle in current conservation efforts for A. dabryanus. The number of adult sturgeons available for breeding is limited each year, and gonadal development remains a critical issue. To investigate the effects of different feeds on the growth performance, hormone synthesis, and health status of juvenile Yangtze sturgeon, 90 juvenile sturgeons aged 4–6 years with an average weight of (8.46±1.64) kg were randomly assigned to five groups and fed with for one year with one of the following: compound feed, frozen fish, dried earthworm, mixed feed 1 (compound feed and frozen fish), or mixed feed 2 (compound feed and dried earthworm). The results showed that (1) the growth rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and body length growth rate (LGR) of juvenile sturgeon fed with compound feed were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P＜0.05), while the growth indicators of juvenile sturgeon fed with mixed feeds were intermediate between the compound feed group and biological feed groups. (2) The serum E₂ levels of female juvenile sturgeon fed with frozen fish, mixed feed 1, and dried earthworm were significantly higher, while the serum T levels of male juvenile sturgeon in the dried earthworm group and both mixed feed groups were significantly elevated. Additionally, the serum lipid levels of juvenile sturgeon fed with frozen fish, dried earthworm, and mixed feeds were significantly higher (P＜0.05). (3) The serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, and total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) levels in juvenile sturgeon fed with compound feed were significantly higher than those of the other groups (P＜0.05). (4) The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the serum of juvenile sturgeon fed with compound feed and mixed feed 2 were significantly higher than in other groups (P＜0.05). In contrast, mixed feed 1 resulted in significantly higher serum superoxide dismutase activity than the dried earthworm and mixed feed 2 groups. (5) The serum C3 levels of juvenile sturgeon fed with frozen fish and both mixed feeds were significantly higher than those of the compound feed and dried earthworm groups (P＜0.05). In comparison, the serum C4 levels were higher in the groups fed with compound feed, dried earthworm, and mixed feed 2. The results indicated that juvenile sturgeon fed with compound feed showed advantages in growth performance, protein absorption, and antioxidant capacity. In contrast, frozen fish, dried earthworm, and mixed feeds promoted hormone synthesis, lipid absorption, and liver health. Among them, the combination of compound feed and dried earthworm resulted in the best overall performance in hormone synthesis, liver health, antioxidant defense, and immune response. This study provides useful insights into the feeding strategies for artificially cultured juvenile Yangtze sturgeon and can inform the development of specialized feeds for sturgeon, drawing on the nutritional composition of frozen fish and dried earthworm and the metabolic characteristics of juvenile sturgeon. These findings have significant implications for the nutritional regulation strategies of candidate broodstock for the A. dabryanus and lay the foundation for the large-scale artificial propagation of this species.

• Diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of larval and juvenile fishes and associated environmental factors in the Yangtze River Estuary

  LU Tianyu, ZHAO Dubin, CHEN Jinhui, LIU Qiang, WANG Xiaodong, WEI Guangen, QIU Zhewen, ZHONG Junsheng, LIN Jun

  2025,32(8):1149-1163, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0044

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  This study investigated the recovery of fish resources after a fishing ban in the Yangtze River and the influence of tides on the distribution of larval and juvenile fishes. From July 2022 to May 2023, 42 sampling stations were set up in the Acipenser sinensis natural reserve and adjacent waters of the Yangtze River estuary. Sampling was conducted with a larval net (diameter 1.3 m, mesh 0.5 mm) that was towed at the surface layer in different seasons during flood and ebb tide. A total of 336 nets were trawled, and 89644 larval and juvenile fishes comprising 81 species, 23 families, and 20 orders were collected. The average density was 0.59 ind/m³. Engraulidae was the most dominant family, accounting for 82.13% of the total catch. The density of larval and juvenile fishes was the highest in summer, reaching 1.77 ind/m³, followed by spring (0.45 ind/m³) and autumn (0.12 ind/m³), and it was lowest in winter (0.002 ind/m³). The distribution of larval and juvenile fishes in a single season was not influenced by tides except in spring. Moreover, the density of larval and juvenile fishes in summer was higher in the north branch than in the south branch and the lowest in the reserve. In autumn, larval and juvenile fishes were more abundant in the south branch than in the reserve, with the lowest abundance in the north branch. In spring, larval and juvenile fishes were more abundant in the reserve than in the south branch during the flood tide, with the lowest abundance in the north branch. However, the abundance in the north branch was greater than that in the reserve during ebb tide. The density of larval and juvenile fishes was higher during flood tide than ebb tide, except in spring. The richness index (D) and diversity index (H') were both highest in summer, followed by spring, lower in autumn, and lowest in winter. However, the evenness index (J') was lower in summer than in spring. CCA analysis of water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen showed that salinity was significantly correlated with the distribution of larval and juvenile fishes during the whole seasons, while other environmental factors were correlated with the distribution of larval and juvenile fishes only during flood or ebb tide in several seasons.

• Factors influencing the habitat distribution of albacore tuna in the South Pacific

  LIU Liwen, ZHENG Chunwen, LI Yalin, ZHOU Xiang, WU Feng, ZHU Jiangfeng, ZHOU Cheng

  2025,32(8):1164-1173, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0042

  Abstract: (10) HTML (0) PDF (71.93 K)(218)

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  This study is based on logbook data from longline fisheries targeting albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the South Pacific from 2020 to 2022. A geographically weighted random forest (GWRF) model was applied and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were incorporated to develop an interpretable habitat prediction model and analyze the influence of key environmental factors on albacore tuna distribution. The study aims to provide a scientific basis for habitat research and the sustainable management of albacore tuna in the South Pacific. The results indicate that compared to the traditional random forest (RF) model, the GWRF model improves key performance metrics, including precision, accuracy, recall, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), by 5%–10%. Feature importance and SHAP contribution analyses identified sea surface temperature, sea surface dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature at 50 m depth, and dissolved oxygen concentration at 50 m depth as the key environmental factors influencing albacore tuna habitat distribution. SHAP interpretability analysis further revealed the optimal habitat conditions, indicating that the most suitable habitats were located in areas where sea surface temperature and temperature at 50 m depth ranged from 15 ℃ to 20 ℃ while sea surface dissolved oxygen concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration at 50 m depth ranged from 240 to 260 mmol/m³. Individual prediction SHAP value decomposition further confirmed that suitable temperature and sufficient dissolved oxygen are the key factors influencing albacore tuna habitat selection. These findings provide new insights into the spatial distribution patterns of albacore tuna habitats and the underlying environmental driving mechanisms.

• Effects of bar spacing and inclination angles of Nordmøre grid on the stability of the trawl cod-end

  MAO Dawen, TANG Hao, ZHANG Can, HU Fuxiang, XU Liuxiong

  2025,32(8):1174-1185, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0051

  Abstract: (7) HTML (1) PDF (78.14 K)(327)

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  The Nordmøre grid is an extensive implemented grid bycatch reduction device (BRD) implemented in various shrimp trawl fisheries to reduce bycatch. Variations in the bar spacing and inclination angle of the grid not only affect the hydrodynamic force of the cod-end system but also have a significant impact on the stability. This study employs flume tank model experiments to explore the effects of different bar spacing (15 mm, 25 mm, 35 mm, and 45 mm) and inclination angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) on the drag and shape of the cod-end system. The results showed that: (1) the drag of the cod-end increased as the grid’s inclination angle and flow velocity increased but decreased as the bar spacing increased. The average drag of the cod-end in different inclination angles was in the order: A-60° ＞ A-45° ＞ A-30° ＞ without a grid. The drag of the cod-end of the without grid was reduced by 170%, 120%, and 72% compared to that at A-60°, A-45°, and A-30°. (2) As the inclination angle of the grid increased, the expansion effect on the contour morphology of the cod-end became significant, with the vertical center point of the cod-end positioned lower. As the flow velocity increased, the overall shape of the cod-end tended to contract. The cod-end circumference with inclination angle of A-60° was increased by 18% and 8% compared to that with inclination angles of A-30° and A-45°. (3) Experimental observations revealed that the drag of the cod-end exhibited a certain degree of fluctuation, becoming more pronounced with increasing flow velocity. At a grid inclination angle of 30°, the drag oscillation effect was the most significant, while at an inclination angle of 45°, the drag oscillation effect of the cod-end was weaker. The average amplitude of the drag oscillation at 30° inclination angle was increased by 26% compared to that at 45°. (4) Bar spacing did not have a significant impact on the fluctuation of drag oscillation. The outcomes of this study hold substantial implications for the optimized design of grid BRDs, which will enhance the selectivity of trawl nets.

• Hydrodynamic charicteristics of large-sized circular aquaculture tank based on field experiments

  CHEN Jianeng, GUI Fukun, FENG Dejun, NAN Hailin, ZHOU Qixian, ZHANG Qingjing, WU Yanfei

  2025,32(8):1186-1197, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0385

  Abstract: (11) HTML (0) PDF (84.05 K)(369)

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  Land-based circular tank recirculating aquaculture systems, which offer advantages such as water conservation, environmental sustainability, and low cost, are increasingly emerging as a significant trend in modern aquaculture. The hydrodynamic characteristics within the tank directly influence the accumulation of residual feed and fecal matter as well as water quality fluctuations, while the airlift water jets plays a crucial role in enhancing these conditions. A field test was conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a large-scale, land-based circular tank under the influence of the airlift water jets. Three deployment angles for the jet were evaluated, defined as the relative angle between the jet direction and the tank wall (θ=0°, 20°, and 45°), and for each deployment angle, the number of airlift water jets was varied across seven levels (n=2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12). An acoustic Doppler velocimeter was employed to measure the velocity distribution in three distinct water depth of the tank (located at h=30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm from the surface), and the hydrodynamic characteristics were evaluated based on the average velocity (v_avg) and the tank uniformity coefficient (U). The results indicated that the configuration of the airlift water jet exerts a significant influence on the flow field and hydrodynamic properties. When 12 jets were installed at an deployment angle of 0°, a large low-velocity zone was observed at the center of the tank. As the deployment angle increased from 20° to 45°, the area of the low-velocity zone within the tank progressively decreased. At an deployment angle of 45°, the average velocity under each operating condition is 0.051 m/s, and the tank uniformity coefficient is 0.29, resulting in the most uniform flow field distribution and a markedly expanded high-velocity zone within the tank. Moreover, at an deployment angle of 45°, when the number of airlift water jets exceeded two, further variations in jet count did not produce a significant impact on the flow field distribution. In summary, the installation angle exerts a more pronounced effect on the flow field within the tank than variations in jet count, and these findings offer a theoretical basis for optimizing the configuration of airlift water jets in large-scale circular aquaculture tanks.

综述

• Review of the major safety issues in offshore net cage aquaculture systems

  HUANG Xiaohua, LIU Hangfei, PANG Guoliang, LI Gen, YUAN Taiping, HU Yu, TAO Qiyou

  2025,32(8):1198-1210, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2025-0069

  Abstract: (12) HTML (0) PDF (107.11 K)(208)

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  In recent years, large-scale offshore aquaculture dominated by large net cages has achieved remarkable success, thus playing an important role in building a blue granary, expanding the marine aquaculture space, and developing improved productive forces in the marine economy. However, system safety issues in offshore aquaculture practices remain relatively prominent, thereby restricting the high-quality development of the offshore cage aquaculture industry. The present study focuses on the current development status of China's offshore cage aquaculture industry and analyzes the major safety issues faced by cage aquaculture systems from a production perspective, such as structural safety, net damage, and fish monitoring. It provides a detailed overview of both domestic and international technical research and applications regarding the safety design of cage facilities, operational safety of nets, and safety monitoring of cultured fish, and offers relevant recommendations for the safe development of offshore cage aquaculture in terms of scientific site selection, facility safety, species selection, intelligent management, and aquaculture insurance.

• Seasonal dynamics of Longicollum pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1935 in the intestinal of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

  wangyanjie, niuchangzhen, yanxiaojun, jianglihua, zhudenghui, taozhen, xushengwei, jinxiao, fupeipei

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  棘头虫是大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）肠道的重要寄生蠕虫种类，其感染可影响宿主的生长和健康，本研究系统评估其不同季节感染动态及与宿主生物学特征的关系，以阐明流行规律并为棘头虫病防治提供科学依据。为此，我们对福建宁德三都澳海区养殖的大黄鱼进行了为期一年的棘头虫感染调查。结果显示，真鲷长颈棘头虫（Longicollum pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1935）在大黄鱼中呈聚焦分布，其感染可显著降低宿主肥满度（P<0.05）。各月份间真鲷长颈棘头虫的感染存在显著性差异（P<0.05），感染率在8月最高（90.0%），9月最低（18.2%）；平均感染强度在6月最高（9.0），12月和3月最低（1.0）；感染主要发生在夏季（6-8月）。感染率随体长增加而增加，35~40 cm（F）组感染率最高（66.7%）；而平均感染强度随体长增加呈现“先升后降”趋势，25~30 cm（D）组的平均感染强度最高（7.1），且真鲷长颈棘头虫丰度与体长呈显著正相关关系（r = 0.25，P = 0.004）。上述研究结果表明，真鲷长颈棘头虫在大黄鱼体内具有显著的季节性与体长阶段性流行特征，感染高峰主要集中于夏季及中等体长阶段。

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• Changes in the Structure of Benthic Invertebrate Communities Following the Removal of a Small Dam on the Heishui River

  Qian Jiale, Zhang Yan, Tang Xiliang, Cheng Bixin, Sun Gan, Wu Fan, Mou Zhen, Yang Chuan Shun, Li Yunfeng, Sheng Qiang

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究拆除老木河水坝对黑水河水生生态的修复效果及其机理，本研究于拆坝后4年间对黑水河3段河道9个断面的底栖动物群落进行分析。4年共记录底栖动物117种，其中蜉蝣目（Ephemeroptera）、毛翅目（Trichoptera）和双翅目（Diptera）为优势类群。Kruskal-Wallis检验表明，底栖动物Margalef丰富度指数在T1、T3区域逐年显著上升（P< 0.05）；T2区域无明显变化。底栖动物密度则呈现季节性差异，丰水期逐年呈下降趋势，枯水期逐年呈上升趋势。群落优势类群的组成发生年际演替，早期以蜉蝣目物种为主，后期毛翅目物种的重要性显著增加。聚类分析结果显示，拆坝1-2年后，各区域底栖动物群落结构的相似性显著提高。冗余分析（RDA）表明，溶解性总固体（TDS）、水温（WT）和溶解氧（DO）对底栖动物分布影响较大。总体来看，除生境单一的T2河段外，拆坝工程有效促进了其余河段底栖动物群落的恢复，对整个河流生态系统的健康产生了积极影响。

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• Effects of starvation and refeeding on hematology, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in Striped Jack(Pseudocaranx dentex)Luo Jialing1,3, Wang Ziwen1, Wang Feng1, Xiao zhizhong2, Chen xiaotian1, Jia Yudong1

  LUO Jialing, WANG Zi wen, WANG Feng, XIAO Zhizhong, CHEN Xiatian, JIA Yudong

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究饥饿后再投喂对黄带拟鲹(Pseudocaranx dentex)血液生理指标、消化酶活性及肠道组织形态的影响。本研究对黄带拟鲹饥饿 0、1、5、10和 15 天(S0、S1、S5、S10 和 S15)及饥饿15d后再投喂第5和10天(F5和 F10)的血液中的白细胞和红细胞数目、血红蛋白含量和血浆中的葡萄糖浓度,肝脏和肌肉糖原含量,消化酶活性和肠道组织形态进行了比较分析。结果显示,伴随着饥饿进程,血液中的白细胞和红细胞数、血红蛋白、血浆葡萄糖、肝糖原和肌肉糖原含量显著降低(P<0.05)；肝脏淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶活性呈显著上升趋势、脂肪酶呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),肠道淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶活性呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)、脂肪酶活性呈先降后升趋势,胃淀粉酶活性呈显著上升、糜蛋白酶活性显著下降趋势(P<0.05)、脂肪酶活性呈先降后升趋势,肠绒毛高度与肌层厚度显著下降(P<0.05)。恢复正常投喂过程中,白细胞和红细胞数目显著升高(P<0.05),但血红蛋白恢复滞后；血浆葡萄糖、肝糖原与肌糖原含量,肝脏、肠道和胃消化酶活性,肠绒毛高度和肌层厚度逐渐恢复,恢复正常投喂10天后,上述指标均基本恢复到正常水平,与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,饥饿显著抑制黄带拟鲹的血液生理生化指标,改变了肠道组织形态,同时胃、肠道和肝脏消化酶活性呈现组织特异性改变,恢复投喂10天后,上述指标基本恢复到正常水平。研究结果有助于明确黄带拟鯵最适饥饿间隔,为研发和建立科学的饥饿-再投喂技术提供理论依据。

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• Cloning of the Dmrt1 Gene in Cherax quadricarinatus and Its Application in Sex Regulation?

  meng yang hui, zuo xiao ling, wei li yun, yan xu, qing song li, zhao hui hong, wang qing

  Abstract: (7) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  红螯螯虾（Cherax quadricarinatus），具有重要的经济价值，雌雄生长速度差异显著，培育全雄品种可大幅提升产量；Dmrt1基因可能在其雄性生殖腺发育中起关键作用，但相关研究尚少。为验证Dmrt1在红螯螯虾雄性性别决定与精巢发育中的核心功能并奠定全雄育种分子基础，本研究克隆了红螯螯虾Dmrt1基因的ORF区域（CqDmrt1），长度为1572 bp，编码523个氨基酸，包含1个DM结构域，进化关系分析表明红螯螯虾与克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）亲缘关系较近。组织分布结果显示，CqDmrt1在性腺、肝胰腺、肌肉等7个组织中均有表达，但在雄性性腺中表达量最高。进一步研究发现不同生长时期雌雄红螯螯虾CqDmrt1基因表达存在差异，精巢中CqDmrt1的表达量显著高于卵巢，且精巢中CqDmrt1在孵化后10~60天中表达逐渐上升，而在75-210天出现下降；在卵巢中10~50天表达上升，而在60~210天出现下降。采用dsRNA沉默CqDmrt1基因后，RNA干扰28d与56d后，红螯螯虾精巢Dmrt1表达均显著下降，且沉默效率随时间增强。Dmrt1敲降持续抑制雄性基因IAG、Sxl3，并逐渐解除对DDX5的抑制；同时显著上调雌性基因Foxl2、Tra-2C、Dsx，表明Dmrt1在精巢中正向调控雄性、负向调控雌性通路。干扰时间越长，Dmrt1沉默效果越明显，对相关基因的调控影响越显著。同时，组织学观察发现，抑制CqDmrt1表达会导致精巢中雄性生殖细胞减少，精巢空泡化结构增多，生精小囊联通，表明抑制CqDmrt1会严重影响红螯螯虾精巢发育。本研究为深入研究红螯螯虾性别分化和决定提供了重要基础，同时也为实现红螯螯虾性别调控提供参考。

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• Association between Gsdf gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Gonads of Male, Female, and Sex-Reversed Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus)

  HuangJing, SiTuJiaXin, HuangYuanQing, ZhangMeiZhen, LiYu, MaHe, LIGuangli, JiangDongNeng

  Abstract: (5) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  Gsdf基因是鱼类性别决定与分化通路中的关键基因。为探索Gsdf基因表达的调控机制，本研究分析了金钱鱼（Scatophagus argus）雌雄及性逆转个体性腺中Gsdf启动子区的DNA甲基化特征。利用MethPrimer软件预测Gsdf启动子序列CpG位点分布及CpG岛，并采集不同发育时期的精巢、卵巢和性逆转个体性腺，提取基因组DNA，以肝脏组织作为对照，通过亚硫酸氢盐测序检测Gsdf启动子区（转录起始位点上游500 bp内）6个CpG位点的甲基化水平。结果显示，在金钱鱼Gsdf启动子基因转录起始位点上游2500 bp内未检测到CpG岛。III-V期精巢Gsdf启动子区甲基化水平显著高于II-IV期卵巢；性逆转个体卵巢甲基化水平与正常卵巢相似，显著低于精巢；精巢与肝脏间差异不显著。精巢和卵巢之间Gsdf表达水平与启动子甲基化水平呈正相关。雌鱼Gsdf表达可能依赖启动子较低的甲基化水平，而雄鱼高表达Gsdf与高甲基化水平之间的关系仍需进一步研究。本研究为揭示DNA甲基化在金钱鱼Gsdf表达调控中的作用奠定了基础。

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• Molecular characterization, polymorphisms and association analysis with growth traits and muscle nutritional components of the FABP1 gene in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)

  Wang Xinhua, Cheng Xuyuan, Li Yaqing, Wang Chen, Lu Chang, Xu Wenyan, Qi Zixin

  Abstract: (12) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP1)是脂肪酸结合蛋白超家族的一名重要成员, 为探究FABP1基因在黄河鲤生长发育及脂肪代谢中的调控作用, 本研究采用候选基因法对黄河鲤FABP1基因两个亚型(FABP1a和FABP1b.1)进行了序列特征分析、组织表达及其基因多态性与生长和肌肉营养成分的关联分析。序列分析结果显示: 鲤FABP1a和FABP1b.1基因的蛋白编码区长度分别为357 bp和387 bp, 各编码118个和128个氨基酸, 两个亚型间的氨基酸序列相似度为66.4%; 系统发生树显示, 不同鱼类FABP1a亚型聚为同一支, FABP1b亚型聚为另一支, 鱼类FABP1聚为一大支, 与两栖类、鸟类、哺乳类等亲缘关系较远, 符合物种传统分类地位。qRT-PCR分析结果显示: FABP1a基因在黄河鲤肌肉组织中表达量最高, 在脑和鳃组织中表达量较低; FABP1b.1基因在黄河鲤肝脏组织表达量最高, 在胆囊、脑、鳃、性腺的表达量较低。本研究在黄河鲤FABP1基因两个亚型中共鉴定到20个SNP位点, 其中1个SNP位点与黄河鲤肥满度显著相关, 2个SNP位点与黄河鲤体重、体高等生长性状显著相关, 5个SNP位点与黄河鲤肌肉粗脂肪含量显著相关, 2个SNP位点与黄河鲤生长性状和肌肉粗脂肪含量均显著相关(P<0.05)。综上, FABP1基因在黄河鲤的生长发育及肌肉营养成分中起到重要的调控作用, FABP1基因中鉴定到的与生长和肌肉粗脂肪含量显著相关的SNP位点, 可作为黄河鲤辅助育种的候选分子标记, 推动黄河鲤优良性状选育进程。

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• Spatiotemporal Distribution and Environmental Drivers of Trawl Fishing Grounds in the Yellow and Bohai Seas Based on AIS Data

  LI Dongshuo, YAN Xianglu, LIU Changdong

  Abstract: (7) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  了解渔业捕捞活动的空间分布机制对于渔业资源评的可持续开发及基于生态系统的渔业管理策略制定具有重要意义。本文基于2022–2023年黄渤海拖网渔船的自动识别系统(AIS)数据,结合九个可能影响渔业资源分布的环境因子,构建增强回归树(Boosted Regression Tree, BRT)模型,系统评估捕捞努力量与环境因子关系；应用Getis-Ord Gi*热点分析方法识别各月的高强度作业区域(即中心渔场),并分析其时空动态变化过程。结果表明,BRT模型拟合度较高,较好的呈现了环境因子对捕捞努力量的驱动作用。其中,离岸距离、底层水温、海面高度和水深的变量重要性得分分别为18.13、16.75、16.50和16.25,是影响捕捞努力量分布的主要驱动因子。空间热点分析表明黄渤海拖网捕捞努力量呈现显著聚集分布模式,并具有显著的季节性变化特征：捕捞“热点”区域在冬季(12-2月)主要分布于黄海中部及南部,随后在春季(3-4月)向北部及近岸区域转移,秋季(9-11月)主要捕捞区以连续条带状分布于近岸海域。本研究可为理解拖网捕捞的环境响应机制提供科学依据,并为黄渤海区域渔业资源管理与空间优化提供数据支持和理论依据。

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• Current Situation, Challenges and Prospects of Conservation of Largemouth Bronze Gudgeon Coreius guichenoti

  LI Xuemei, ZHU Tingbing, WU Xingbing, ZHU Yongjiu, CHEN Siqi, WEI Nian, LI Xiaoli, MENG Zihao, XIANG Miao, ZHAO Yan, YANG Deguo

  Abstract: (9) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  圆口铜鱼是长江上游典型的产漂流性卵鱼类,近年来因其濒危状况不断加剧而备受关注。圆口铜鱼曾是产区的优势鱼类和重要经济鱼类,但受过度捕捞、梯级水电站开发、环境污染等因素影响,其洄游通道受阻、适宜的流水产卵生境大幅萎缩,导致种群衰退加速。2021 年,圆口铜鱼野外种群正式被列为国家二级重点保护野生动物。然而,圆口铜鱼相关的保护基础理论、关键保护技术、整体保护框架等还缺乏深入研究和规划,制约了对其保护工作的高效开展。本文系统梳理了圆口铜鱼基础生物学、繁殖生物学、遗传多样性等特征,分析了其资源现状与变化趋势,并对圆口铜鱼物种保护进展进行了阐述。在总结圆口铜鱼物种保护过程中面临挑战的基础上,提出了相应的建议,以期为该物种的有效保护和资源恢复提供参考。

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• Cloning and expression analysis of the DJ-1 gene in Eriocheir sinensis

  Yanyang Jia, Zhijie Lu, Hao Liu, Hao Li, Lei Zhu, Libo Hou

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了探究DJ-1蛋白在中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)应对不同病原菌感染时的免疫响应中的免疫应答机制, 本研究首先通过RACE技术克隆获得中华绒螯蟹DJ-1(EsDJ-1)基因的cDNA序列, EsDJ-1全长1635 bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)为567 bp, 编码188个氨基酸, 预测蛋白分子量大小约为19.13 kD。并进行了生物信息学分析分析, 采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(RT-qPCR)检测了EsDJ-1基因的组织分布情况, 以及其在常见病原菌攻毒后的表达响应。结果表明, EsDJ-1全长1635 bp, 开放阅读框(ORF)为567 bp, 编码188个氨基酸, 预测蛋白分子量大小约为19.13 kD, 结构域预测结果显示EsDJ-1含有一个PfpI结构域; 多序列比对及系统进化树分析结果显示, 且EsDJ-1在不同物种间具有较好的保守性。其次，, 实时荧光定量PCR技术（qRT-PCR）qRT-PCR结果显示, EsDJ-1在中华绒螯蟹各组织中均有表达, 在肠道中表达量最高, 在肌肉中表达量最低; 。最后，, 用不同的病原菌刺激后qRT-PCR结果显示, 中华绒螯蟹螺原体(Spiroplasma eriocheiris)和嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)分别刺激宿主后宿主血淋巴细胞EsDJ-1的相对表达水平总体呈现先下调后上调的趋势, 中华绒螯蟹螺原体主要表现为1、3、5和7 d显著下调, 9 d和11 d显著上调; 嗜水气单胞菌主要表现为6、12和24 h显著下调, 48 h显著上调; 副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)刺激后EsDJ-1的相对表达水平总体呈现先上调后下调的趋势, 主要表现为6 h和12 h显著上调, 24 h和48 h显著下调。上述结果表明, EsDJ-1参与了中华绒螯蟹应对不同病原感染的过程, 可为进一步深入研究EsDJ-1在中华绒螯蟹的先天免疫调控机制和疾病防控策略提供重要的理论基础和参考价值。

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• Effects of Dietary DMPT Supplementation on Growth, Serum Immunity, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Gut Microbiota Composition in Juvenile Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis)

  CHENG Chao, ZHANG Jianming, SHU Tingting, QU HuantaoZHANG, Dezhi, JIANGWEI, YANGJING

  Abstract: (148) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  摘要：为探究饲料中添加DMPT对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血清免疫、肠道消化酶活性及肠道菌群组成的影响。试验在基础饲料中添加0、400、800、1600 mg/kg的DMPT，分别记作CK、A1、A2、A3组。用这四种试验饲料投喂初始体质量为（300.88±17.64）g的子二代中华鲟幼鱼5周，每种饲料投喂3个重复组，每个重复组10尾鱼。结果表明：A1、A2、A3组中华鲟幼鱼的增重率和特定增长率显著高于CK组；A3组的饲料系数显著低于CK组。血清免疫球蛋白M、补体C3、补体C4含量、溶菌酶活性均随着添加量的增加呈现不断升高的趋势，且A2和A3组均显著高于CK组。三个处理组的血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于CK组；A2和A3组碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于CK组。A1和A2组蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性均显著高于CK组；三个处理组淀粉酶活性显著高于CK组。蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性随着添加量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势。三个处理组的ACE、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson指数与CK组之间无显著差异；A2和A3组的PD_whole_tree指数显著高于CK组。各组中华鲟幼鱼肠道绝对优势菌门为梭杆菌门，次级优势菌门为变形菌门和厚壁菌门，且随着DMPT添加量的增加梭杆菌门的相对分度呈现先降低后升高的趋势。各组中华鲟幼鱼肠道绝对优势菌属为鲸杆菌门，且其相对丰度随着DMPT添加量的增加呈现升高的趋势。CK组和A2组的次级优势菌属为邻单胞菌属和埃希氏-志贺氏菌；A1和A3组次级优势菌属为邻单胞菌属和拟杆菌属。A2和A3组的肝脏GHR基因表达量显著高于CK组；A3组的IGF-1、IGF-2基因表达量显著高于CK组。GHR、IGF-1、IGF-2基因表达量随着DMPT添加量的增加呈现不断升高的趋势。综上所述，当DMPT添加量为1600mg/kg，能够有效的提高肝脏生长相关基因的表达水平，进而获得最佳的生长性能，同时对于机体免疫能力也有显著提升。当DMPT添加量为400mg/kg，能够更有效的提升肠道消化酶活活性。

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• The elemental composition of fish otoliths: A review of minor and trace metal microchemistry

  JIANG Sheng-jian, FAN Cheng-qi, JIN Yan, CHENG Jia-hua

  Abstract: (12) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  鱼类耳石是一种具有信息记载功能的特有载体介质，对其微化学的应用研究已成为国内外渔业领域的一个关注热点。目前既有的研究多集中于对耳石生长方向上的锶、钡、锰等几种特定元素的检测分析与指示应用，并由此形成诸多与之相关的鱼类生物学和生态学过程推论，其中一些推论由于缺乏对耳石元素组分变化机理的认知，所形成的研究结论往往还存在着某种不确定性。为阐明耳石元素微化学应用研究的科学机理，助推耳石元素微化学研究方法学体系建立，拓展与挖掘耳石元素的微化学应用潜力，本文收集分析了相关国内外鱼类耳石微化学研究文献，并结合笔者自己的研究实践与认识，以耳石全元素检测结果为依据，厘清了耳石物质结构和主量、微量与痕量元素的组分特征；从耳石元素的吸收过程与结合过程解析，明确了耳石的形成机制；按微量与痕量金属元素的化学属性分类，梳理了代表性碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、p区金属元素在耳石中的存在形式及其作用；以软硬酸碱理论为依据，评估了耳石微量与痕量金属元素的潜在指示可能。在此基础上，综述展望了鱼类耳石微量与痕量金属元素在环境交互型、生理响应型和全元素综合型指示应用等方向上的微化学应用前景，目的旨在为今后鱼类耳石的微化学理论创新与应用技术拓展研究提供参考。

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• Study on the reproductive endocrine disruption effects of bisphenol S on Corbicula fluminea

  XU Ruiyi, GUO Weili, ZHANG Pengyu, SONG Jianyong, LI Shuangyu, ZHANG Chunnuan

  Abstract: (15) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究双酚S胁迫对河蚬的生殖内分泌干扰效应及机制, 本研究针对淡水环境中双酚S污染现状, 以双壳贝类河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为研究对象, 设置暴露实验, 进行转录组构建及分析, 测定河蚬性腺组织类固醇激素水平, 观察性腺组织显微结构, 并测定河蚬生殖内分泌关键基因雌激素受体(ER)、雌激素相关受体(ERR)、卵黄蛋白原(Vtg)、17α-羟化酶(CYP17)、3β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3βHSD)和17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(17βHSD)的表达水平。暴露实验设置对照组和1、10、100 μg/L双酚S实验组, 开展28 d暴露实验, 分别于0 d、1 d、3 d、6 d、10 d、15 d、21 d和28 d对河蚬性腺组织进行取样。取对照组和28 d, 100μg/L 双酚S实验组进行转录组学构建及分析, 结果表明双酚S胁迫下性腺发育相关基因ER、ERR和Vtg均聚类在上调类中, 而与激素合成相关基因CYP17、3βHSD和17βHSD则聚类在下调类中。GO和KEGG富集在卵母细胞减数分裂、细胞凋亡和嘌呤代谢等通路, 其中与性腺发育和生殖相关受体通路被显著富集。对暴露实验不同时间点和不同浓度双酚S暴露下的河蚬性腺组织进行类固醇激素水平测定, 发现不同浓度的双酚S对河蚬性腺组织中的性激素雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)和孕酮(P)含量具有不同程度的抑制作用, 且呈现浓度-剂量效应。观察28 d对照组与3个实验组河蚬性腺组织的显微结构, 发现随着染毒浓度增加, 卵母细胞变形且排列疏松, 精巢组织内精子数量减少, 间空隙变大, 推断双酚S胁迫对河蚬性腺发育与成熟具有抑制作用。最后荧光定量结果表明, 双酚S胁迫能够促使ER、ERR和Vtg基因表达水平显著升高(P ＜ 0.05), 而CYP17、3βHSD和17βHSD基因表达水平显著降低(P ＜ 0.05), 并发现其具有时间-剂量效应。本研究证实双酚S暴露能够影响河蚬生殖内分泌相关基因表达, 抑制河蚬类固醇激素合成, 从而抑制性腺组织发育和成熟, 具有严重的生殖毒性。本研究结果为贝类资源保护提供依据，并为探究内分泌干扰物(EDCs)对软体动物生殖内分泌干扰机制奠定基础。

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• Effects of acute handling stress on serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, gill morphology and surface slime microbial community of Seriola aureovittata

  ZHENG Jichang, FENG Yuan, XU Yongjiang, CUI Aijun, JIANG Yan, WANG Zhenghao

  Abstract: (8) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为研究急性操作胁迫对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)血清生化指标、抗氧化能力、鳃组织形态和体表黏液菌群的影响。本实验以体重463.86 ± 63.86 g的黄条鰤为研究对象,连续重复10次拥挤-暴露操作,并分别在胁迫前(C0,对照组)、胁迫结束后0、3、6、12、24 h进行取样。结果显示,急性操作胁迫可导致血清皮质醇(Cortisol)含量显著升高(P<0.05),随恢复时间延长,Cortisol呈先升高后降低的趋势,并在恢复3 h时达到峰值,恢复至12 h时降为胁迫前水平。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)含量与Cortisol变化趋势相似,但达到峰值的时间为胁迫结束后6 h,当恢复至24 h,仅CAT活力和MDA含量降至初始水平。急性操作胁迫可导致鳃小片弯曲肿胀、细胞空泡化及上皮细胞排列紊乱,恢复24 h后,鳃丝形态仍未完全恢复至初始状态。急性操作胁迫加剧了体表黏液菌群失调,导致灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)、鳎鱼粘着杆菌(Tenacibaculum soleae)和舌齿鲈黏着杆菌(Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi)等致病菌丰度均显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,黄条鰤从急性操作胁迫中完全恢复的时间超过24 h,而操作胁迫后的6 h内是采取措施缓解应激的关键节点,且调节体表黏液菌群平衡是缓解应激的潜在思路。

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• Changes in the feeding habits of Thryssa kammalensis in the Yellow River Estuary and adjacent waters before and after the water-sediment regulation scheme

  WANG Song, SHEN Duqing, CUI Guangxin, XIE Xianxu, ZHANG Chongliang, XU Binduo, JI Yupeng, REN Yiping, LI Fan, XUE Ying

  Abstract: (10) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  黄河调水调沙可能对鱼类的摄食策略及营养生态位产生级联效应，然而目前有关调水调沙前后黄河口鱼类摄食习性变化的研究却鲜有报道，亟待开展相关研究。本研究基于2024年调水调沙前后在黄河口及其邻近海域采集的赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）样品，结合胃含物分析的方法，解析调水调沙前后赤鼻棱鳀食物组成和摄食强度的变化特征，并通过典范对应分析（Canonical Correspondence Analysis, CCA）量化关键环境因子对其摄食策略的驱动作用。研究发现，黄河口及其邻近海域赤鼻棱鳀的优势饵料有中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）、中国毛虾（Acetes chinensis）等。调水调沙前后赤鼻棱鳀均主要以桡足类和虾类为食，但是它们在食物中所占比例有所变化，调水调沙后，赤鼻棱鳀摄食双壳类和腹足类的比例有所增加。随着叉长的增加，赤鼻棱鳀的食物种类以桡足类等小型饵料为主逐渐转变为以体型相对较大的虾类为主。调水调沙后，赤鼻棱鳀的摄食强度有所下降，空胃率较调水调沙前升高，胃饱满指数显著降低（P<0.05）。典范对应分析表明，调水调沙状态、经度和pH对赤鼻棱鳀的摄食习性有较大影响。本研究将有助于为科学评估调水调沙工程的综合生态效应提供参考依据，为黄河口渔业资源的科学养护与管理提供技术支撑。

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• Fishing ground prediction of chub mackerel in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea based on deep learning

  XU Chenlong, GUAN Wenjiang, GAO Feng

  Abstract: (10) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)的时空分布与海洋环境紧密相关,因此利用海洋环境数据能有效预测日本鲭的渔场分布,能为日本鲭渔业生产与管理效率的提高提供技术支持。本研究采用1998-2011年东、黄海日本鲭的渔业数据以及海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)、海表盐度(Sea Surface Salinity,SSS)及溶解氧浓度(Dissolved Oxygen Concentration,DO)数据,根据不同时空分辨率、环境因子以及经纬度信息构建了多种数据集,并通过基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN),建立了基于深度学习的东、黄海日本鲭渔场预报模型,以探究时空分辨率和环境因子的不同对日本鲭渔场预测效果的影响。结果表明： (1)包含不同环境因子的模型其渔场预测准确率不同,增加与日本鲭时空分布相关环境因子的数量能提高模型预测效果,环境因子组合的准确率由低到高依次为：单因子组合、双因子组合、三因子组合,在构建渔场预报模型时,考虑多种环境因子作为输入变量可以提高模型预测效果；(2)渔业和环境数据的时空分辨率会影响模型的准确率,其中时间分辨率为15天的模型准确率优于时间分辨率为3天和30天模型的准确率,空间分辨率为0.083°×0.083°的模型准确率优于空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的模型准确率；(3)模型的月平均AUC值为0.88,表明采用卷积神经网络构建的东、黄海日本鲭渔场预报模型预测效果较好。本文研究结果可为深度学习模型在东、黄海区域渔场预测的应用提供参考。

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• Temporal dynamics of larval and juvenile Coilia nasus in the Anqing segment of the Yangtze River in the initial years of the fishing ban

  HUANG Zhong-Jia, Li Jia-Sheng, Xuan Zhong-Ya, Jin Yi, Fang Di-An, Liu Kai

  Abstract: (17) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为掌握刀鲚(Coilia nasus)专项捕捞退出及长江十年禁渔后长江安庆段刀鲚仔稚鱼资源动态特征，于2019年—2022年的4月—8月开展长江安庆段刀鲚仔稚鱼逐日采样调查，对比分析了刀鲚仔稚鱼的年际丰度变化、时空分布格局及其与主要环境因子的关系，并探讨了刀鲚仔稚鱼的生长规律。结果显示：在年际特征方面，2022年刀鲚仔稚鱼的平均丰度最高，为18.45 ind/100 m3；2021年的丰度峰值最高，为189.39 ind/100 m3。在日内时间特征方面，6:00~6:30时段(29.14 ind/100 m3)和17:00—17:30时段丰度(31.99 ind/100 m3)显著高于12:00—12:30时段(3.55 ind/100 m3)；在空间特征方面，2019—2020年刀鲚仔稚鱼在河道中线的丰度最高，平均丰度分别为2.25 ind/100m3和17.78 ind/100m3；而2021—2022年则转为北岸丰度最高，平均丰度分别为22.91 ind/100m3和13.49 ind/100m3。2021年刀鲚仔稚鱼的日内空间分布显示：6:00—6:30和17:00—17:30时段在北岸的丰度最高，分别达到62.29 ind/100m3和54.47 ind/100m3；而在12:00—12:30时段，最高丰度在河道中线，为4.66 ind/100m3。2022年刀鲚仔稚鱼的垂直分布特征显示：在北岸和河道中线，0.8~1.6 m水层的丰度最高，分别达到96.50 ind/100m3和14.40 ind/100m3；而在南岸，最高丰度出现在1.6~2.4 m水层，为30.70 ind/100m3。刀鲚仔稚鱼的生长方面，5—8月生长速率介于0.46~0.61 mm/d。相关性分析表明，刀鲚仔稚鱼丰度与水温和水流量呈正相关(P<0.05)，本研究揭示了长江安庆段刀鲚仔稚鱼的时空分布特征及其生长规律，研究成果不仅为刀鲚资源的科学保护与管理提供了理论依据，同时也可为长江十年禁渔政策的实施效果评估提供数据支持。

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• Effects of dietary replacement of fishmeal with mixed vegetable proteins on growth performance 、serum biochemistry and liver health of juvenile Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris)

  Li Jianwei, Zhu Wenhuan, Hu Wenguang, Zhang Xiaorui, Huang Tianle, Chen Jian, Tan Qingsong

  Abstract: (11) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究植物蛋白在长吻鮠（Leriocassis longirostris）饲料中应用的可行性及其适宜含量，以长吻鮠幼鱼为研究对象，用0%、10 %、20 %、30 %、40 %和50 %的混合植物蛋白替代基础饲料中的鱼粉配置成6组等氮等脂饲料，记为V0、V10、V20、V30、V40和V50，进行为期8周的生长试验，测定幼鱼生长性能、血清生化、肝脏抗氧化、组织形态以及脂肪含量。植物蛋白添加至50 %时长吻鮠幼鱼特定生长率显著下降（P<0.05），V50组饲料系数显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；血液中胆固醇呈现先降低后上升趋势且在V10时达到最低（P<0.05）；谷草转氨酶与谷丙转氨酶呈现先降低后上升趋势，分别在V30组和V20组达到最低（P<0.05）。肝脏中MDA呈现先下降后上升趋势，V10和V20组显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；T-AOC呈现先升高后降低趋势，在V10时达到最高；CAT呈下降趋势，V40组显著高于V50组且显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。肝脏组织学显示，自V30开始，脂肪变性逐渐加重，肝细胞膜边界逐渐模糊；脂滴量呈现先降低后升高趋势，在V20时最低（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下，适量的混合植物蛋白添加对长吻鮠幼鱼肝脏组织健康有正向作用，以长吻鮠幼鱼特定生长率为依据39.82 %的混合植物蛋白替代鱼粉为最佳。

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• Using Mineral Elemental Fingerprinting Analysis (EFA) to Trace and Determine the Geographic Source of Coilia nasus from the Yangtze River Basin

  Yang Chengyao, Song Chao, Yu Wenjie, Xie Jilin, Li Feipeng, Tao Hong, Zhao Feng, Zhuang Ping

  Abstract: (17) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  刀鲚(Coilia nasus)作为长江流域重要的洄游性经济鱼类，在市场监管中其来源判别亟需有效的地理溯源技术。本研究以长江不同站点的刀鲚为对象，通过元素指纹图谱法(EFA)分析其肌肉、皮肤和骨骼组织中20种矿物元素的组成差异，旨在筛选适合溯源的生物标记组织并优化判别模型。结果表明：通过PCA和LDA散点图，发现刀鲚的皮和骨组织的元素组成的交叉性较高，判别准确率低，溯源效果不佳。相反，长江不同站点刀鲚肌肉特征元素组成不同，其中安庆的特征元素为Cr，显著高于其他站点；泰州的特征元素为Hg和Na，均显著低于其他站点；上海的特征元素为Ba，显著高于其他站点，而Mo和K为三个站点的差异元素。多元分析筛选出了刀鲚肌肉的Na、Mo和Ba 3个判别元素在长江三个站点间具有不同的空间分布。通过元素指纹图谱分析，发现肌肉组织是用于刀鲚地理溯源分析的最佳组织样本。基于筛选出的判别元素，可实现对刀鲚新样本来源的有效溯源与验证，且鉴别成功率较高。该研究成果为市场监管中非法捕捞样品的溯源监管提供了可靠的技术支撑，可对长江刀鲚野生资源进行有效保护。

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• Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Hybrid Snakehead (Channa. Maculata ♀ × Channa. argus ♂) and Channa maculata during Early Development and Screening for Key Genes Related to Growth Advantage

  LIU Jiajun, LUO Qin, LIU HaiYang, LIU JiaFeng, OU Mi, FEI Shuzhan, CHEN Jianhua, ZHAO Jian

  Abstract: (44) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究利用高通量RNA测序技术,对斑鳢(Channa maculata)和杂交鳢(C.maculata♀ × Channa argus♂)在13 dph和43dph两个关键早期阶段的全鱼和肌肉组织转录组进行了比较分析,旨在揭示杂交鳢早期生长优势的分子机制。结果显示,在13 dph阶段,共鉴定到721个DEGs,包括427个上调基因和294个下调基因；在43 dph阶段,鉴定出385个DEGs,包括168个上调基因和217个下调基因,两个时期共有23个重叠的DEGs。GO功能富集分析显示,DEGs主要富集于细胞过程、代谢过程、生物调控和发育过程。KEGG通路富集分析表明, 13 dph阶段的DEGs主要与胆固醇代谢和能量生成相关,43 dph阶段则主要富集于脂质代谢、碳水化合物代谢和信号转导通路。通过整合功能注释和PPI网络分析及qPCR验证,本研究鉴定出10个在杂交鳢生长优势中可能发挥核心作用的候选基因(npy、slc25a5、ugp2、obscn、ache、coro1ca、tuba、lmod2、nr4a1、trim33)。这些基因主要参与神经递质调控、摄食行为、肌肉发育及能量代谢等关键生物学过程。本研究从转录组层面阐释了杂交鳢生长优势的分子基础,为深入解析杂种优势的分子调控网络奠定了基础,并为水产动物的分子育种提供了重要的理论依据和候选基因靶点。

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• Genetic parameter estimation and genotype-environment interaction effect analysis of ammonia-nitrogen tolerance and growth traits of Marsupenaeus japonicus at different growth stages

  HUANG Chengxiang, ZHU Bo, LIU Keqin, LIU Jianyong

  Abstract: (42) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为优化日本囊对虾 (Marsupenaeus japonicus) 多性状协同育种策略, 本研究以G3代选育群体为基础, 通过荧光标记混养和自然交尾构建28个全(半)同胞G4代家系, 采用线性混合模型与广义线性模型相结合的方法, 系统评估了120、180、240日龄体长体重、耐氨氮性状的遗传参数及室内外环境下的基因型与环境互作效应。结果表明, 生长性状呈中等遗传力水平, 其中体长为 (0.3465±0.0473)~(0.3857±0.0533), 体重为 (0.1752±0.0428)~(0.3196±0.0522); 耐氨氮性状遗传力较低, 为 (0.1187±0.0273)~(0.1423±0.0308)。不同日龄生长性状间的遗传相关 (0.8645±0.0144 )~(0.9023±0.0122) 与表型相关 (0.9116±0.0115)~(0.9716±0.0103) 均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01), 表明早期选择可同步改良多个生长阶段的表型。生长与耐氨氮性状的遗传相关为 (-0.1690±0.0267)~(0.0121±0.0241), 表型相关为 (-0.0774±0.0201)~(0.0821±0.0134), 两者均不显著(P>0.05), 提示二者受独立遗传机制调控。体长和体重性状在室内外环境间的遗传相关分别为 (-0.017±0.176) 和 (0.136±0.185), 均小于 0.8, 表明日本囊对虾体长和体重在不同养殖环境下的性状间存在明显的基因型与环境互作效应。因此, 要实现生长和耐氨氮性状的同步改良, 可以考虑估算生长和耐氨氮性状育种值, 计算综合选择指数的方式实现多性状同步改良, 同时要针对不同的室内外养殖环境制定不同的育种方案。本研究结果为日本囊对虾高效育种方案设计提供理论依据。

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• Influence of lunar phases on CPUE of tunas in longline and purse seine fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

  TENG YUXIU, Zhang JIAN, CHEN XIANYU, SHI JIANGAO

  Abstract: (35) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为更深入了解中西太平洋(WCPO)海域中不同渔业作业方式下月相对金枪鱼(Thunnus)单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)的影响规律，本研究基于2016年~2020年中西太平洋延绳钓和围网渔业数据，结合基于循环统计的月相量化方法和广义加性混合模型，分析了月相对漂流延绳钓和围网渔业中主要捕捞对象CPUE的影响。结果表明，月相对延绳钓黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)和大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)的CPUE均具显著影响(P<0.05)，且影响模式整体相近，CPUE最高值均出现在满月前的盈凸月期而最低值出现在新月前的残月期；月相对围网鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)CPUE的影响显著(P<0.05)，其CPUE在满月时达到最高而在新月时最低，但对黄鳍金枪鱼CPUE无显著影响(P>0.05)。

  • 1
• Sinking performance of falling-net based on model experiments

  lijie, zhangpeng, wangteng, yanlei, yangbingzhong, chenzuozhi, songliming

  Abstract: (44) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为进一步深入研究影响罩网沉降性能的因素，掌握沉降过程中的形态变化过程，研究基于田内准则制作了罩网模型，并进行动水槽模型试验，分析了放网时间（T）、绞收速度（Vh）、流速（Vc）、配重（W）对罩网沉降性能的影响，其中各参数水平如下：T（1 s、2 s）、Vh（0.245 m/s、0.348 m/s、0.467 m/s）、Vc（0 m/s、0.2 m/s、0.4 m/s）、W（705 g、775 g、845 g）。研究结果表明（1）沉降过程中罩网网具呈钟型，绞收网口绳后，网口绳会首先收拢并阻碍迎流面网衣沉降，网具呈长裙形，网口完全闭合时罩网罩捕空间呈现上大下小的腰鼓形；（2）罩网网具沿水流方向产生位移，迎流面网衣在水流冲击下较背流面更为竖直；（3）随T增大，最大沉降深度（D）呈递增趋势，其均值依次为1.321 m、1.590 m。随Vh增大，D呈递减趋势，其均值依次为1.611 m、1.430 m、1.325 m。随Vc增大，D呈递减趋势，其均值依次为1.622 m、1.482 m、1.263 m。随W增大，D呈递增趋势，其均值依次为1.711 m、1.740 m、1.770 m；（4）沉降速度在网具刚入水约1s内变化无规律，之后沉降速度随沉降时间增大而递减，且递减趋势存在轻微波动；（5）平均沉降速度随T的增大而减小（均值依次为0.345 m/s、0.340 m/s）、随W增大而增大（均值依次为0.345 m/s、0.356 m/s、0.366 m/s），随绞收速度、流速的变化无规律。研究可为提高罩网捕捞效率及改进渔具提供参考。

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• Complete mitochondrial genome assembly of Ceratoscopelus townsendi and phylogenetic analysis of the Myctophidae

  wangjingqi, wangcongcong

  Abstract: (41) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  灯笼鱼科(Myctophidae)在海洋浮游鱼类群落中占据重要地位。为丰富灯笼鱼科鱼类数据库, 提高该科物种鉴定准确性, 本研究对灯笼鱼科角灯鱼属(Ceratoscopelus)的汤氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus townsendi)进行线粒体全基因组测序、组装及注释, 并基于此开展了系统发育分析。结果表明, 汤氏角灯鱼线粒体基因组全长17780 bp, 包含37个编码基因及一个非编码区, 基因分布于轻链(L链)和重链(H链), 存在基因重叠与间隔现象, 其结构与其他灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体基因组相同。碱基组成分析显示其呈AT偏倚, 密码子使用频率前五位分别为CCC(P)、CCU(P)、CUC(L)、CUU(L)和CAC(H)。蛋白质编码基因总长占基因组57.9%, 密码子使用存在偏好性, 且各基因碱基偏倚性不同。tRNA基因分布于H链和L链, 部分有双拷贝现象, rRNA基因位于特定位置且有相应碱基含量特征。灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体的13个蛋白编码基因(protein-coding genes, PCGs)的Ka/Ks均小于1, 表现出纯化选择(purify selection)。系统发育分析表明, 汤氏角灯鱼与同属的马德拉角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus maderensis)聚为一支, 且与虹灯鱼属鱼类关系较近, 明确了汤氏角灯鱼在灯笼鱼科的系统发育地位。本研究丰富了灯笼鱼科鱼类线粒体基因组信息, 为后续该科鱼类的物种鉴定、系统发育分析及多样性研究提供了重要数据支撑。

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• Optimization of the ecological farming cycle of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) based on the muscle quality and dynamic regulation of lipid metabolism genes

  CHEN Hai-tai, NI Ping, LIU Qiao-lin, ZHAO Xiang, XIAO Tiao-yi, XIONG Shu-ting

  Abstract: (69) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  【研究目的】本研究旨在探究生态净养对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）形态特征、脂肪代谢及肌肉品质等的影响，并确定草鱼最佳净养时间。【方法】研究以高密度养殖的商品规格草鱼为实验对象，净养养殖周期为28 d。【结果】结果显示：相较0 d，14 d、21 d和28 d净养组草鱼体重、脏体比、肥满度以及草鱼肌肉的粗脂肪含量均显著降低(P<0.05)，而蛋白质含量无显著差异。短期净养对肌肉氨基酸组成及饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量影响较小，而14 d净养组的草鱼肌肉单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）均显著高于0 d(P<0.05)。从分子层面来看，7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d净养组草鱼肝脏中的脂肪合成相关基因——脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）和固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c（SREBP-1c）的表达水平较0 d显著下降，而脂肪分解关联基因——脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPARα）的表达水平较0 d显著升高（P<0.05），并在21 d达到最高点。相较0 d，14 d净养组草鱼背部肌肉黄色值显著降低，pH值显著升高，而7 d、14 d和21 d净养组草鱼肌肉的滴水损失率和失水率显著降低(P<0.05)。7 d、14 d和21 d净养组草鱼背部肌肉的硬度、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性较0 d显著升高(P<0.05)，并在14 d达到最大值，而肌纤维直径显著减小(P<0.05)。21 d净养组肌肉中的丙二醛（MDA）含量较0 d显著提高(P<0.05)，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在整个净养周期内无显著变化。相较0 d，7 d、14 d和21 d净养组肌肉中促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8和细胞凋亡关键分子caspase8、caspase9的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)，而抗炎细胞因子IL-10表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。【结论】综上，生态净养可降低肌肉脂肪含量，有效改善草鱼体型及肌肉品质，且14天的净养效果最佳，研究结果将为生态净养技术在草鱼产业中的应用提供理论和技术基础。

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• Identification of SNPs in the CA gene of Scylla paramamosain and association analysis with low-salinity tolerance

  YIN Chunyan, MA Chunyan, WANG Wei, LIU Zhiqiang, MA Keyi, MA Linbo, ZHANG Fengying

  Abstract: (72) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究盐度相关基因的SNP位点与耐低盐性状的关联性，本研究以拟穴青蟹为研究对象，从碳酸酐酶(CA)基因中筛选SNP位点并进行耐低盐关联分析。用于SNP位点筛选的样本来自4个拟穴青蟹野生群体，从CA基因中初筛共获得56个SNP位点，选取4个位点（A13938G、T13981C、A18286G、C18336T）进行分型分析。结果显示，4个位点的突变型基因型频率在耐低盐组中均显著高于不耐低盐组（p < 0.05）；遗传多样性分析表明，耐低盐组在各位点的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量和有效等位基因数均高于不耐低盐组；，4个位点的优势比（OR）均大于1，与耐低盐性状正关联。进一步对4个位点进行联合分析发现，耐低盐组的突变总得分显著高于不耐低盐组（p < 0.05），且随着位点数量增加，预测准确率逐步提升至96.25%，表明多个突变位点可能通过协同作用影响耐低盐性状。综上，A13938G、T13981C、A18286G、C18336T等位点可作为拟穴青蟹耐低盐性状候选分子标记，在耐低盐新品种选育方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。

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• Transcriptomic Atlas of 12 Goldfish Tissues Reveals Hood-Specific Expression Signatures

  liu dekai, huang chong, li huijuan, zhang rong, zhu hua, zhangzhaobin

  Abstract: (73) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  金鱼(Carassius auratus)是重要的淡水观赏鱼类, 部分品种具有罕见的头瘤结构, 但金鱼头瘤的遗传调控机制尚不明确。为深入挖掘金鱼头瘤发生相关的重要候选基因, 本研究利用转录组测序和生物信息学分析构建了包含脑、眼、鳍、肠、心、肾、肝、肌肉、鳞片、皮肤、脾脏和头瘤(hood)共计12种金鱼组织或器官的转录组图谱, 系统解析了组织间的基因表达差异, 在头瘤组织与皮肤的比较分析中共鉴定到3,131个差异表达基因，其中上调1,376个, 下调1,755个；进一步将头瘤组织与其他组织比较得到的差异基因进行交集分析筛选，最终获得92个在头瘤与所有其他组织中均呈显著差异表达的基因。其中包括10个新发现的尚未被注释的蛋白编码基因并命名为hrg1~hrg10。功能富集分析显示, 这些差异表达基因主要参与透明质酸结合、细胞增殖、细胞外基质重塑等生物学过程。其中, 筛选出的关键候选基因tgfbr1b、col7a1、tnfaip6、hapln1a和alpl在其他组织表达水平极低或呈沉默状态, 可能在头瘤形成过程中的成纤维细胞过度增生中发挥关键作用。本研究揭示了金鱼多个组织全基因组表达特征, 丰富了金鱼的组织转录组学数据, 并为金鱼头瘤性状的发育机制研究提供了关键候选基因资源。

  • 1
• Effects of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) grazing on submerged macrophyte growth and their habitat

  ChenQiu, LI Xiaoli, WU Zhouhang, WU Xingbing, ZHU Yongjiu, LI Xuemei

  Abstract: (110) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为评估草鱼、鲫对沉水植物生长及其生境的影响, 本研究选择3种典型的沉水植物(苦草Vallisneria natans、黑藻Hydrilla verticillata和金鱼藻Ceratophyllum demersum)设计了相关的中宇宙试验。共分为9个实验组: 对照-苦草组、草鱼-苦草组、鲫-苦草组; 对照-苦草组、草鱼-黑藻组、鲫-黑藻组; 对照-金鱼藻组、草鱼-金鱼藻组、鲫-金鱼藻组。实验持续90d, 每隔15d监测不同组沉水植株成活数量、生长情况、水体理化指标以及浮游生物的变化情况。结果表明: 草鱼对苦草、黑藻和金鱼藻的幼株和成株的生物量产生极显著抑制, 并显著降低三种沉水植物成活数量及株高; 鲫牧食对苦草和黑藻的生长抑制显著, 但在实验后期金鱼藻高度和生物量有所增加。与对照组相比, 草鱼、鲫牧食组水体透明度和pH值显著降低, 固体悬浮物、总氮、总磷和化学需氧量显著升高, 水体浮游动植物的生物量增加且优势种群组成发生变化。相关性分析显示, 草鱼、鲫牧食组沉水植物的成活率与透明度显著正相关, 与化学需氧量负相关。本研究可为浅水湖泊沉水植物的恢复提供数据支撑。

  • 1
• Regulation of ammonia nitrogen transformation and bacterial communities in aquaculture water through algae-bacteria interactions with carbon source addition

  Ying Kejia, He Lin, Liu Minhai, Lin Zhihua, zheng xiafei

  Abstract: (118) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  针对添加外源碳的生物絮团养殖系统, 以往研究侧重于异养细菌对无机氮的吸收利用, 但微藻在此过程中的作用机制尚缺乏深入研究。本研究为阐明添加碳源对养殖系统氨氮去除的贡献及其对细菌群落的调控作用, 设置了空白对照、碳源添加对照、除藻+碳源、抑菌+碳源四组处理。实验结果表明, 添加碳源(外源碳: 氨氮=6:1)显著改变了氨氮转化路径, 与以硝化作用为主的空白组不同, 碳源添加对照组约84.6%的氨氮通过细菌和藻类同化作用吸收。抑制细菌生长后, 氨氮仍下降1.65 mg/L, 表明藻类同化作用对氨氮去除有显著贡献, 约占对照组氨氮去除量的46%。除藻组通过强化细菌的同化作用显著提高了系统细菌生物量和氨氮去除总量, 但也导致细菌群落α多样性及潜在致病菌衣原体门(Chlamydiae)、福格斯氏菌属(Vogesella)相对丰度升高。微藻的存在抑制了细菌的过度增殖, 维持了以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和多核杆菌属(Polynucleobacter)为主导的相对稳定的细菌群落结构, 并显著抑制了潜在致病菌的生长。本研究证实, 在添加碳源的生物絮团系统中, 微藻不仅直接参与氨氮同化, 而且通过与细菌的复杂互作调控细菌群落结构和功能, 维持系统氮的生态稳定性。

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• Effects of net type and survey duration on fish resources monitoring in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River

  hule, zhaidongdong, chenyuanyuan, xiongfei, queyanfu, zhubin, duanxinbin, liuhongyan

  Abstract: (121) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  网具类型和调查时长是影响鱼类资源监测效果的重要因素。本研究基于2022年夏季（7-8月）和秋季（10-11月）在汉江下游沙洋、潜江、仙桃和汉川4个江段的鱼类资源监测数据，评估了两种典型网具（定置刺网和地笼）和调查时长对鱼类资源监测效果的影响。在汉江下游共监测到鱼类66种，定置刺网与地笼分别监测到54和51种，两种网具监测到的共有物种百分比夏季为57.6%、秋季为44.7%。定置刺网对不同水层鱼类的捕获没有明显选择性，而地笼对底层鱼类具有明显选择性；定置刺网捕获鱼类的平均体长显著大于地笼。定置刺网的累积日均渔获量在第 7 天趋于稳定，而地笼累积日均渔获量稳定性较差，且季节变化对地笼捕获效率的影响较大。基于物种累积曲线预测，10日连续监测可实现夏季和秋季物种总数70-80%的检出率。研究结果可为河流鱼类资源监测方法优化及标准化提供科学依据。

  • 1
• Starvation Experiment and Determination of the Point of No Return in Leiocassis longirostris Larvae

  XU Jiamin, LI Yikai, SI Xiangchao, TANG Yongtao, LI Qiang, ZHOU Chuanjiang

  Abstract: (171) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  研究长吻鮠（Leiocassis longiorostris）仔鱼的生长发育特点及最佳投喂时间，为长吻鮠仔鱼的培育提供参考依据。本实验设置饥饿组、摄食组和延迟投喂组，通过观察长吻鮠仔鱼的形态发育特征并采集其图像，测量仔鱼的全长、体长、头长、眼径及肌节高等形态学指标，分析饥饿胁迫对仔鱼生长发育的影响。同时，通过延迟投喂试验，观察仔鱼肠道内容物，计算初次摄食率、最高初次摄食率及不可逆点，确定其最佳投喂时间。在水温23.5~26.5℃的条件下，长吻鮠仔鱼于4日龄开口摄食，7日龄卵黄囊消失，14日龄到达不可逆点，混合营养期为3天，初次摄食率为64.40 %，最高初次摄食率为97.80 %，且5~11日龄仔鱼初次摄食率均维持在90 %以上。饥饿胁迫下的仔鱼出现组织消耗、生理萎缩及运动机能衰退等特征。异速生长分析表明，长吻鮠仔鱼的体长相对于其全长为负异速生长，头长、眼径、肌节高相对于其全长为正异速生长。长吻鮠仔鱼的主动摄食能力较强，具有一定耐饥饿能力，其最佳投喂时间为5日龄。长吻鮠仔鱼器官发育呈现“功能优先模式”，头长、眼径及肌节高等与摄食相关器官优先发育，其次，体长的负异速生长显著降低了能量消耗，这显著提升了仔鱼的早期生存适应能力。

  • 1
• Community structure and characteristics of nektons in the waters of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in spring and summer

  Niu Mingxiang, Wang Jun, Zuo Tao, Lu Feng, Zhou Yingfeng, Cheng Zhaolong, Li Yongtao, Li Jianwen, Song Jianbin

  Abstract: (102) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了解黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域游泳动物的种类组成、群落结构及其多样性，本研究于2023年夏季和2024年春季开展了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物调查，共采集到游泳动物34种，隶属于6目15科34属，鱼类27种，甲壳类7种，其中鱼类以鲤形目为主（16种）；生态类型上，以淡水型为主（24种），近海型6种，河口型3种，洄游型1种。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示，刺网渔获物优势种以淡水鱼类为主，地笼渔获物优势种包含了甲壳类。单位捕捞努力量总渔获质量和数量（刺网和地笼合计）春季均高于夏季。刺网调查，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H ）、Pielou种类均匀度指数（J）和Margalef物种丰富度指数（D）春季均高于夏季；而地笼调查，以上三个指数夏季均高于春季。丰度/生物量曲线表明，黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落结构受到一定程度的干扰，夏季干扰强度大于春季。等级聚类结果显示，在一定的相似性水平上，黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落划分为不同的组群，表明鱼类群落结构组成分布存在一定差异。本研究提供了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物资源现状的基础数据，为该区域的保护策略制定提供了数据支撑。

  • 1
• Succession and coexistence of dominant zooplankton species in Xiangshan Bay

  YANG Jieqing, YU Jinchen, LI Sen, ZHOU Jin, CHEN Lang, LI Xinran, LIU Qinghe, SHI Yunrong, xuqing

  Abstract: (151) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究浮游动物优势种时间演替特征和共存关系, 本研究以象山港海域浮游动物优势种为研究对象, 对其进行了逐月的调查, 从时间尺度上通过分析丰度月变化和演替率的方法并结合物种生态属性阐明了浮游动物优势种演替特征, 从生态位角度结合生态位宽度值、物种对间的生态位重叠值和食性等方法探讨了优势种之间的共存关系。结果显示, 1—5月优势种生态类群单一, 冷水种占优势种总丰度的96.43%, 6—12月优势种生态类群丰富, 暖水种占优势种总丰度的79.14%; 太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)丰度于夏季7月达峰值、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)于秋季10月达峰值, 腹针胸刺水蚤(Centropages abdominalis)于冬季1月达峰值, 其峰值月份分别与夏季、秋季和冬季优势种总丰度和平均丰度单峰模型达峰值时间一致; 相邻月份优势种时间演替率整体在50%以上, Cochran检验和Friedman检验显示优势种无论是种类组成还是丰度, 月分布均差异极显著(P<0.01)。植食性的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus), 肉食性的真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和汤氏长足水蚤(Calanopia thompsoni)等优势种于不同月份成为优势种, 歪水蚤属(Tortanus)、拟哲水蚤属(Paracalanus)和胸刺水蚤属(Centropages)内的物种成为优势种的月份也具差异; 背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)、真刺唇角水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤相互之间, 其食性相似且时间生态位重叠值高(Qik>0.6), 而空间生态位重叠值为一般(0.6≥Qik≥≥0.3); 汤氏长足水蚤、微刺哲水蚤、亚强次真哲水蚤和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)相互之间, 时间和空间生态位重叠值均为高(Qik >0.6), 其食物种类、粒径等存在差异。结果表明, 浮游动物优势种演替较为频繁, 年内优势种生态类群由冷水种向暖水种占主导的方向演替, 优势种爆发对总丰度贡献较大; 优势种之间的共存遵循生态位分化理论。研究结果可为浮游动物种间关系及群落构建机制提供参考。

  • 1
• Niche differentiation and trophic linkages among seven major economic fish species in the Anhui section of Huaihe River

  wangzixin, Zhou yanfeng, Xu junwei, Shen duqing, Wang chi, Li shanlin, Xue ying

  Abstract: (174) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  研究淮河干流鱼类种间关系、生态位分化及种间营养联系有助于解析鱼类群落结构稳定性和资源分配机制, 对于多鱼种渔业资源管理与生态系统健康评估具有重要意义。为此，本文选取淮河干流安徽段七种主要经济鱼类作为研究对象, 通过胃含物分析与生态位量化方法, 探究其摄食习性、生态位分化及种间竞争机制。结果表明, 这七种鱼类的摄食策略存在明显分化, 其中刀鲚(Coilia nasus)与达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)为肉食性, 主要以十足类为食, 鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)与长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)为植食性鱼类, 主要摄食硅藻和绿藻, 鲫(Carassius auratus)与鲤(Cyprinus carpio)主要摄食藻类、轮虫、软体动物等饵料, 鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)则为浮游动物食性。在生态位方面, 春季达氏鲌具有最高的营养生态位宽度, 秋季鲢最高。空间生态位最宽的是鲫, 最窄的是鳙。鲫与长春鳊(春季0.98、秋季0.95)、鲢与鳙(春季0.95、秋季0.47)的营养生态位重叠较高;它们的空间生态位重叠普遍较高, 13个种对在春季显著重叠, 秋季则只有9个种对显著重叠, 反映其生境分布的趋同性。鲢与鳙(春季0.83、秋季0.34)、鲫与长春鳊(春季0.70、秋季0.63)的营养-空间二维生态位重叠最高, 主要受其摄食习性的影响。摄食特化指数表明, 达氏鲌、鲫、鲢的摄食习性存在较大的个体间差异, 它们会通过种内摄食分化来降低种内食物竞争。本研究表明, 淮河干流安徽段的七种鱼类通过种间食性分化和种群内个体摄食行为调整实现生态位分化, 同时其共存机制还受到饵料生物可获得性、捕食者丰度以及栖息环境等因素的影响, 本研究可为深入探讨淮河鱼类生态学和多鱼种渔业资源管理提供科学依据。

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• Metabolomic Analysis of Liver Metabolism in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi Under Saprolegniasis Stress

  WANG Wanliang¹, YANG Fengqin¹, zhangjifeng

  Abstract: (105) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨感染水霉病胁迫下对拉萨裸裂尻鱼（Schizopygopsis younghusbandi）肝脏代谢功能影响，实验以健康拉萨裸裂尻鱼为对照组（JYG），利用超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱技术手段对患病组（BYG）和死亡组（SYG）的肝脏差异代谢物进行筛选，确定其变化规律。结果显示，BYG组共筛选出211个差异代谢物，上调56个，下调155个，主要富集于核苷酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、氧化磷酸化等20条代谢通路；SYG组共筛选出421个差异代谢物，上调158个，下调263个，主要富集于戊糖磷酸途径、甘油磷脂代谢、核苷酸代谢等25条代谢通路。其中影响显著的代谢通路有磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和鞘脂为代表的脂质代谢；苹果酸、D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸和D-葡萄糖为代表的能量代谢；谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、和谷胱甘肽为代表的氨基酸代谢；棕榈酸乙酯、油酸和亚油酸为代表的脂肪酸代谢。研究结果表明，拉萨裸裂尻鱼感染水霉病后肝脏发生氧化应激发应，导致脂质代谢紊乱、脂肪酸代谢异常、氨基酸代谢和糖异生调控失衡。本研究结果为拉萨裸裂尻鱼产业化发展进程中病害防控和健康养殖提供基础数据。

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• A review of ghost fishing effect of fishing pots for decapod crustaceans

  ZHANG Jian, LU Tianxu, CHEN Xianyu, SHI Jiangao

  Abstract: (139) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  十足目甲壳动物笼壶渔业中废弃笼壶(DFP)对目标种类的幽灵捕捞是海洋渔业生态研究的热点,也是幽灵捕捞研究最为全面和深入的领域。从甲壳动物笼壶渔业共性出发,探索DFP幽灵捕捞发生和消亡机制及其对海洋生物的效应,是评价笼壶渔业生态效应、开展生态型笼壶渔具设计的基础。本文从笼壶废弃具体原因出发,通过分析甲壳动物入笼、死亡机制和DFP退化失效机制,阐明了幽灵捕捞的发生和消亡机制；结合全球主要商业甲壳动物笼壶渔业或渔场中DFP的数量与规模、幽灵捕捞持续时间和幽灵捕捞率等汇总数据,在构建统一幽灵捕捞效应相关量化指标体系后,从入笼、逃逸和死亡等多个层面系统总结和对比了不同渔业中的DFP对目标种类的幽灵捕捞效率及对渔业的整体影响。针对海洋环境下真实幽灵捕捞过程的复杂和多样性,讨论了回收和模拟观测等研究体系和方法的局限性及其可能对DFP幽灵捕捞效应研究结果带来的影响。

  • 1
• Study of Feeding Strategy and Crucial Morphological Changes of Artemia under Indoor Mass Culture Conditions

  luyulong, wuxinhua, yanxinrong, wanxuerui, dongkaoshuai, mahaoran, gaomeirong, suiliying

  Abstract: (323) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究探究了在室内高密度养殖生产高质量、规格均一卤虫的投喂策略,明确了高密度养殖中卤虫形态发育变化的关键期。首先在10 L锥形养殖桶中,以等鞭金藻为基础饵料,养殖中后期补充颗粒大小为25~30 μm的人工饵料养殖卤虫,设置3.33 g(X-0.5)、6.70 g(X-1)和10.02 g(X-1.5)三个总投喂量,测定不同投喂量下卤虫的生长和水体总氮和无机氮含量变化。结果表明,当投喂量为X-1和X-1.5时,卤虫体长及生物量显著高于X-0.5(P＜0.05)。养殖过程中NO2-^-N、NH4+^-N和TN整体变化趋势保持一致,但NO3-^-N变化趋势存在差异,当投喂量为X-0.5时,NO3-^-N有升高趋势；投喂量为X-1时,NO3-^-N趋势变化平稳；投喂量为X-1.5时,NO3-^-N有下降趋势。总体而言,高氮养殖环境未对卤虫养殖产生不良影响。之后将X-1投喂量应用于1吨水体卤虫养殖13天,明确了养殖过程中的附肢发育期和第二触角退化期两个关键时期,此时卤虫存活率易发生大幅下降。养殖结束后,卤虫存活率为72.3±1.2%,生物量为2230±112.7 g,平均体长为7.24±0.09 mm。人工养殖卤虫的粗蛋白含量为52.28±0.19%干重,粗脂肪含量为17.64±7.01%干重,EPA含量为7.56±1.51 mg/g干重,均高于渤海湾盐田卤虫成虫。综上,卤虫养殖前期使用粒径较小且易消化的单胞藻,中后期适量投喂人工饲料,可实现稳定的卤虫产量,养殖过程中应密切关注关键时期卤虫的密度变化。本研究结果不仅为卤虫室内规模化养殖提供策略指导,而且为实验动物卤虫的科学研究中获得数量稳定的健康卤虫提供方法参考。

  • 1
• Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia

  YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming

  Abstract: (493) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。

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• Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng

  Abstract: (2140) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。

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• 1.3 RT-qPCR

  zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei

  Abstract: (929) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。

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• Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles

  WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli

  Abstract: (1148) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。

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• Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay

  Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang

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  Abstract:

  通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。

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• Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis

  Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei

  Abstract: (928) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L^?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8^°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。

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