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LU Tingting, WANG Zhiyan, ZHANG Yao, HU Honghui, CHEN Yang, BAO Quanzhi, BAI Zhiyi
2025,32(2):117-127, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0300
Abstract:
The negative charge of sulfotransferase can enrich Ca2+ and promote the nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate crystals by increasing the level of sulfation and transferring exogenous sulfonic acid groups to polysaccharide chains. Although the pearl yield of Hyriopsis cumingii is very high, the overall quality of its pearls is still different from that of seawater pearls produced abroad, which is one of the main problems that remain to be addressed in pearl culture industry. Organic macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids play an important role in the process of shell biomineralization, collectively referred to as shell organic matrices. In recent years, research on the biomineralization mechanism in H. cumingii has mainly focused on the functionalities of matrix proteins, whereas the roles of polysaccharides and their respective synthesis enzymes in the biomineralization of H. cumingii remain to be elucidated. The main component of shells is calcium carbonate, which is similar to that of pearls. Thus, studying the effects of sulfotransferase on the formation of H. cumingii shells may help improve freshwater pearl quality. In this study, the sequence characteristics of the sulfotransferase gene HcCHST11 in H. cumingii were analyzed, and the potential functions of this gene in shell formation were further explored using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), and RNAi and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detection techniques. The results showed that the HcCHST11 gene open reading frame (ORF) was 840 bp long and encoded 279 amino acids, containing 1 sulfotransferase domain. The tissue expression specificity analysis found that HcCHST11 was highly expressed in the edge mantle. The in situ hybridization results showed that the positive signals were strong in the outer fold (OF), middle fold (MF), and at the connection between the middle fold and the inner fold. After interfering with HcCHST11, the expression of HcCHST11 in the edge mantle was significantly downregulated (P＜0.05). Seven days after interference, SEM detection showed that the shape of the pearl layer’s aragonite platelets became irregular, and carbonate deposits appeared on the edge. The organic sheath of the prism layer became significantly narrower, the crystal surface was rough and protruded, and cracks formed between the crystals. Functional characterization demonstrates that HcCHST11 serves as a master regulator in shell biomineralization, orchestrating the development of multilayered shell structures (periostracum, prismatic, and nacreous layers) via sulfate-dependent modulation of organic-inorganic interfaces.However, the specific mechanism by which HcCHST11 regulates shell mineralization remains unclear and needs further investigation. The precise mechanism through which the HcCHST11 gene governs shell mineralization remains undefined, and further exploration is indispensable.
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YUE Rongyan, QU Fengyu, WU Haiqing, LIN Shimei, CHEN Yongjun, LUO Li, ZHOU Xinghua, HE Yuanfa
2025,32(2):128-138, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0305
Abstract:
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) is a cytoskeletal protein, a member of the keratin family, which plays an important role in regulating epithelial cell adhesion and motility and mediating immune responses. To investigate the role of ck8 in the immune response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), the full-length sequence of largemouth bass Msck8 gene (2424 bp) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. Among these, the length of 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) was 570 bp, the 3′ UTR was 195 bp, and the open reading frame (ORF) was 1659 bp, encoding 552 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 61.30 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.17. In the phylogenetic tree, MsCK8 proteins were clustered closely with smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), which showed a high homology. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that Msck8 was expressed in nine tissues of healthy largemouth bass. It was expressed, in descending order, in the heart, muscle, gill, kidney, liver, foregut, hindgut, midgut, and spleen. After immunostimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of Msck8 in muscle, heart, and hindgut of largemouth bass showed prominent temporal changing patterns. The expression levels of Msck8 in the muscle and heart peaked at 6 h. The expression levels in the hindgut showed a positive correlation with temporal sequence and peaked at 48 h. Under high soybean meal stress, the expression level of the Msck8 gene in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (P＜0.05). In conclusion, Msck8 may play an important role in the immune response of fish against bacterial invasion.
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LI Yutao, WANG Ruoyu, MA Bo, CAO Dingchen, SUN Zhipeng, WANG Nianmin, XU Shijian, ZHANG Ying
2025,32(2):139-149, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0290
Abstract:
Hybrid sturgeon is regarded as a critical aquatic economic species, whose high/low fertility (spawning yield) is associated with the economic development of the caviar industry. However, in the aquaculture production process, female hybrid sturgeon have a great differential spawning yield in the sexual maturity period. Meanwhile, there are a series of technical barriers to early breeding in hybrid sturgeon populations with high egg yields. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential metabolism pathways that affect the fertility of hybrid sturgeon and filter the biomarkers for the high spawning yield phenotype in the female hybrid sturgeon populations. This can benefit the understanding of the biological mechanisms of fertility differences in hybrid sturgeon and accelerate the sustainable development of the sturgeon breeding industry in China. However, relatively few reports have clarified the expression pattern of ovarian metabolic profile between the sturgeon populations with high/low fertility. In the sexual maturity period, 90 hybrid sturgeon individuals (Huso dauricus♀ × Acipenser schrenckii♂) had their egg weight measured using a minimally invasive laparotomy method. Based on the real egg weight of each hybrid sturgeon, the present study defined the high/low fertility standard as follows: the ratio of egg weight/body weight (θ) less than 0.15 was classified into the low fertility group while θ more than 0.20 was classified into the high fertility group. In the formal experiment, a total of sixteen hybrid sturgeon with high (eight) and low (eight) fertility phenotypes were selected from the above population. Subsequently, fresh ovary tissues were collected to perform untargeted metabonomics analysis after recording the body weight and egg weight of each hybrid sturgeon. Bioinformatics methods and public metabolite database were applied to identify the metabolite category and corresponding relative abundances. The dominant metabolite categories in the hybrid sturgeon ovaries were lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Based on the threshold value levels reported in the previous studies, a total of eleven differential metabolites were identified between high (low) fertility groups. According to the blast results provided by the public metabolite deposition database, these eleven differentially expressed metabolites belonged to five categories including organoheterocyclic compounds, organic nitrogen compounds, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs, lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and derivatives. Compared to the low fertility group, a series of metabolites such as (–)-riboflavin, riboflavin, spermidine, adenosine, and lysoPI 22∶6 were down-regulated in the ovary tissues of the high fertility group. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve also determined that (–)-riboflavin, riboflavin, cyclohexylethyl acetate, and L-alanyl-L-norleucine could be regarded as candidate biomarkers for the high fertility phenotype of female hybrid sturgeon. Subsequently, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the differentially expressed metabolites. Our results showed that amino acid metabolism-related pathways (arginine and proline metabolism and beta-alanine metabolism) and vitamin metabolism-related pathways (vitamin digestion and absorption and riboflavin metabolism) were significantly enriched and the P values of these four pathways above were 0.0019, 0.0247, 0.0001, 0.0004, respectively. Meanwhile, it was found that adenosine is involved in fourteen metabolism pathways in the ovary tissues of hybrid sturgeon, inferring that it may have critical regulatory effects on the fate decision process of fertility phenotype of female hybrid sturgeon. The present investigation has preliminarily clarified the molecular signaling that affects the spawning yield trait of hybrid sturgeon and filtered the candidate biomarker for high fertility phenotype. This could provide a theoretical basis for breeding the hybrid sturgeon population with a high spawning yield. Taken together, our investigation not only characterized the metabolite profiling difference between the hybrid sturgeon populations with high (low) fertility phenotypes but can also shed light on directions for further research on the reproductive physiology of hybrid sturgeon and biomarker-assisted selection breeding for freshwater economic fish.
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CHEN Peipei, RU Xiaoying, HUANG Yang, LI Jin, YANG Jiahui, YANG Tonglin, ZHU Kunfeng, ZOU Yifan, ZHU Chunhua
2025,32(2):150-167, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0229
Abstract:
Seriola dumerili is a high-quality “sashimi” food, favored by consumers throughout the world because of its meaty texture and high nutritional value. At present, artificial culturing of Seriola dumerili is performed in Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan, China, typically using a chilled trash fish diet, which results in frequent occurrence of diseases during culturing. To explore the effectiveness at replacement of chilled trash fish with artificial formulated feed, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of formulated feed and chilled trash fish on the growth and muscle nutrient composition of Seriola dumerili. A total of 180 Seriola dumerili with an initial body weight of (274.93±11.17) g were randomly assigned to two groups with three replicates each, with 30 fish per group which were fed either chilled trash fish or formulated feed for 60 d. The results showed that: 1. In terms of growth performance, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the formulated feed group were extremely significantly lower than those of the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01), whereas no significant differences (P＞0.05) were observed between the two groups in terms of survival rate (SR), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI). 2. The results of growth-related gene expression levels showed that the mRNA expression of MyoG, MyoD1, MyoD2, and COL1A1A was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05) in the muscle of the formulated feed group, whereas liver IGF-2 mRNA was highly significantly down-regulated (P＜0.01). 3. In terms of body composition, no significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to the crude lipid and crude protein content of muscle (P＞0.05). The whole-body crude lipid content and muscle fiber density in the formulated feed group were significantly lower than those in the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01), whereas their crude protein content and average fiber cross-sectional area were significantly higher (P＜0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups in therms of moisture, water-soluble chloride, calcium, crude ash, and total phosphorus contents in muscle tissue (P＞0.05). 4. The contents of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and palatable amino acids (DAA) in muscle tissue of the formulated feed group were significantly higher than those in the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01). According to the EAAI, AAS, and CS scores, the muscle EAA index and score of the formulated feed group were higher than those of the chilled trash fish group; the first limiting amino acids of the two groups were Phe and Tyr, and the second limiting amino acid was Met. 5. No significant difference in total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle was observed between the two groups (P＞0.05), and the most abundant PUFA was DHA. The content of n-6 PUFA in the formulated feed group was significantly higher than that in the chilled trash fish group (P＞0.05), whereas EPA, DHA, and n-3 PUFA levels were higher in the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01). In conclusion, compared with the chilled trash fish group, the formulated feed significantly increased muscle protein level, amino acid composition, and nutritional value, and it promoted the expression of muscle growth and collagen genes, whereas the growth performance and n-3 PUFA levels were low. This study demonstrated that chilled trash fish can be replaced by artificial formulated feed in Seriola dumerili aquaculture; however, formulated feed should be further adjusted and optimized in the subsequent feed research with regard to the n-3 PUFA level.
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ZHAO Jie, ZHENG Xianhu, SUN Zhipeng, WANG Liansheng, FAN Ze, WANG Di, LIU Yang, LIU Tianqi, ZHANG Kexin, LU Cuiyun
2025,32(2):168-180, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0262
Abstract:
Sander lucioperca is an important cultured fish in Eurasian countries. It has broad breeding prospects owing to its rapid growth, pronounced adaptability, tender flesh, and high nutritional value. However, the farmed production remains limited to only 4.29 kilotons, primarily because of the scarcity of suitable, high-quality compound feeds. This study examined the effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels, and their interactions, on growth, liver histology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune-related gene expression in juvenile S. lucioperca. The experiment included two protein levels (51% and 54%) and three lipid levels (12%, 15%, and 18%), thus using six distinct feed formulations. Juvenile S. lucioperca [(1.16±0.01) g] were fed with these formulations during an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed that the dietary lipid level exerted a significant effect on final body weight and specific growth rate of juvenile S. lucioperca (P＜0.05), whereas no significant interaction between protein and lipid levels was observed with regard to final body weight and specific growth rate. At a protein level of 51%, the highest final body weight and specific growth rate were achieved with 18% lipid content; at a protein level of 54%, these metrics were also greatest at the 15% lipid level. As the lipid level in diet increased, the crude protein content in whole fish decreased gradually, whereas the crude lipid content showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. Considerable fatty degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in the 54% protein, 18% lipid group, which was not observed in other treatment groups. At a protein level of 51%, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase significantly increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05); at a protein level of 54%, the catalase activity significantly increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05). The expression levels of complement genes (c3, c4, and c5) and a anti-inflammatory cytokine-related gene (tgf-β) in the liver increased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05), whereas the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes (il-1β, il8, and tnf-β) decreased significantly (P＜0.05). In conclusion, appropriate lipid levels in diet can improve the growth performance of juvenile S. lucioperca, save protein intake, whereas excessive lipid level may increase the risk of vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. It is recommended that the protein and lipid supplementation levels in diet of juvenile S. lucioperca juvenile are 51% and 18%, respectively.
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LI Xia, FENG Guangpeng, HAN Zhiqiang, ZHAO Feng, ZHANG Tao, YANG Gang, GENG Zhi, HUANG Xiaorong
2025,32(2):181-189, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0233
Abstract:
Coilia nasus is an important economic species in the Yangtze River. It is mainly distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Yangtze River, the Qiantang River, and other river basins in China. However, with economic growth, pollution and overfishing in the Yangtze River have been increasing, resulting in serious damage to C. nasus spawning grounds and a gradual decline in resources. In recent years, with the steady implementation of the ten-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, the C. nasus populations and those of its prey organisms have increased and were restored, and the feeding of C. nasus may have changed to some extent. To explore the trophic structure characteristics of C. nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary, 247 samples were collected by bottom trawling in summer (August) and autumn (November) of 2023, and the trophic level and niche were analyzed using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that the δ15N values of C. nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary ranged from 11.70‰ to 16.39‰, with a maximum difference of 4.69‰ and an average value of (13.80±1.14)‰, which was significantly positively correlated with body length. The δ13C value ranged from −33.24‰ to −21.15‰, the maximum difference was 12.09‰, and the average value was (−26.35±2.60)‰, which was significantly negatively correlated with body length. According to the δ15N value, the average trophic level of C. nasus was 3.23±0.33, which was significantly positively correlated with body length. The trophic niches of C. nasus in summer and autumn were similar, and the total niche space (TA) and core niche (SEAc) overlapped. The niche breadth of C. nasus in autumn was larger than that in summer. Stable isotope analysis suggested that the feeding habits of C. nasus change during growth. With increasing body length, C. nasus tend to feed on increasingly higher trophic levels of food organisms. The results provide a basis for elucidating the feeding characteristics of C. nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary and also constitute a reference for protecting C. nasus populations and analyzing the food web energy flow in the Yangtze River Estuary.
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SU Qi, LI Hongchi, YANG Nana, XIONG Dongmei, ZHANG Chi
2025,32(2):190-202, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0269
Abstract:
In this study, we integrated two data systems (morphological analysis and box-truss analysis) to investigate the morphological differences of Schizothorax curvilabiatus among different geographic populations. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted on 62 morphological parameters collected from three geographic populations in the Yarlung Zangbo River (specifically the Motuo region), Palong River, and Chayu River. The analysis of morphological data revealed that the primary differences among the three populations were evident in several traits, including beard length, head length behind the eye, body height, tail stalk length and thickness, dorsal spine length, and anal fin length. Principal component analysis indicated significant differences in principal component 1 between the Motuo (MT) and Chayu (CY) populations, primarily reflecting characteristics of the head, dorsal fin spine, and tail stalk. Furthermore, box-truss analysis demonstrated significant differences in principal component 1 between the MT and Palong (PL) populations, specifically regarding the head, dorsal fin, central axis, and caudal stalk. In total, 14 and 6 key parameters were selected from the morphological and box-truss data, respectively, to establish discrimination formulas, resulting in initial discrimination success rates of 94.70% and 86.40%. Scatter plots generated from both data systems showed separation by centroid, with the MT population being relatively independent, while the PL and CY populations exhibited some overlap. The cluster analysis revealed that the MT population formed a distinct branch, while the PL and CY populations were clustered. Ultimately, these findings indicated that the morphological characteristics of the MT population are significantly distinct from those of the PL and CY populations, which exhibit minor differences but do not qualify as subspecies.
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2025,32(2):203-213, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0272
Abstract:
Brachymystax lenok (fine-scaled lenok) is a rare and endangered fish species found in the Irtysh River basin. In this study, we utilized mitochondrial Cyt b gene and D-loop (control region) sequences to analyze the population genetic structure of B. lenok in the Irtysh River, providing a theoretical basis for preserving its genetic diversity. Results indicated that 13 haplotypes (Hap1-13) were detected in the combined sequences of Cyt b (1063 bp)+D-loop (1089 bp) across 86 samples from 4 populations. Among these, Hap1 was centrally located in the haplotype network and widely distributed across populations, suggesting it is the ancestral haplotype. The haplotype diversity index (Hd) was 0.515, and the nucleotide diversity index (Pi) was 0.00040, indicating a low level of population genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic variation was primarily within populations (99.51%), with variation among populations accounting for only 0.49%, indicating a low level of genetic differentiation (Fst=0.00491, P＞0.05) and no significant genetic differentiation among populations. The mismatch distribution curve showed a unimodal distribution, and the neutral test of Tajima’s D (−2.022) and Fu’s Fs (−9.530) were negative (P＜0.05), and the test of SSD and Hir were not significant (P＞0.05), suggesting that the B. lenok population in the Irtysh River underwent a historical expansion. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis indicated that the expansion occurred approximately 0.039 million years ago (Ma) and that the Irtysh River populations exhibited significant genetic differentiation from populations in other basins, such as the Heilongjiang (Amur River), Lena River, and Yenisei River, suggesting that the evolutionary history of these populations may be related to historical geological events such as the Sayan-Altaic orogeny, the Quaternary glaciation, and ancient hydrological changes in the Altai Mountains. We concluded that the B. lenok population in the Irtysh River basin can be identified as a distinct evolutionarily significant unit (ESU). It is recommended to effectively protect its natural spawning grounds and breeding populations, restore river connectivity to maintain gene flow between populations, avoid small population breeding during artificial propagation to prevent genetic drift and a reduction in genetic diversity, and prohibit the introduction of non-native stocks from other basins to prevent genetic pollution.
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2025,32(2):214-227, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0250
Abstract:
Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is an economically important fish in tuna fishery in the Indian Ocean. As a pelagic migratory fish, its distribution is significantly influenced by the marine environment. In this study, we used environmental data from the Indian Ocean spanning from 2001 to 2016 to construct a habitat model for different life history stages of albacore tuna and their corresponding environmental requirements. We validated the accuracy of the model by comparing the predicted suitable habitat locations with the actual distribution of catch quantities. We evaluated the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve, AUC) and analyzed the inter-annual variations of suitable habitat at different life history stages of albacore tuna to examine the impact of marine environmental changes on spatial-temporal habitat distribution. The results indicated that: (1) The high catch areas largely overlap with the model-predicted suitable habitat, with monthly average AUC values of 0.79 for immature and 0.73 for mature albacore tuna habitat models, showing high prediction accuracy. (2) The model predicted that suitable habitat for immature albacore tuna was located between 25°S and 40°S in the Indian Ocean from January to June and between 20°S and 40°S from July to December. For mature albacore tuna, the suitable habitat during the spawning period is located east of Madagascar Island between 10°S and 25°S, whereas during the non-spawning period, it is between 25°S and 45°S. (3) Both the suitable habitats for immature and mature albacore tuna showed a year-on-year trend of southward migration. The above results have significant scientific importance for understanding the population dynamics of albacore tuna and promoting sustainable resource utilization.
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HE Jiancheng, MA Zhuang, WU Wenhao, GUO Zihong, CHEN Mingda, ZHANG Jiahao, SU Youlu, JIANG Biao
2025,32(2):228-245, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0273
Abstract:
Streptococcus iniae has become the most serious bacterial pathogen in the aquaculture of Tachysurus fulvidraco in China. In this study, we selected S. iniae strain ZQ2205 isolated from T. fulvidraco to elucidate the biological characteristics and whole-genome information of S. iniae, thereby providing theoretical support for disease diagnosis and prevention. The growth characteristics, pathogenicity, whole-genome sequencing, and gene composition were analyzed. The results indicated that strain ZQ2205 is a gram-positive bacterium, arranged in single chains, exhibiting β-hemolytic activity. The strain demonstrated lipase, amylase, and protease activities but lacked cellulase activity. It demonstrated a wide range of tolerance to pH and salinity, being able to grow in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at pH values ranging from 7 to 9 and salinity from 0 to 40. Strain ZQ2205 showed optimal growth at a pH of 9 and salinity between 0 and 20. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that ZQ2205 is resistant to enrofloxacin and streptomycin, while its response to ofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and bactrim is intermediate. Infection experiments revealed that the challenge dose as low as 0.5 CFU/g caused 100% mortality in T. fulvidraco juveniles, causing significant damage to the liver, spleen, kidneys, gills, and brain tissues, with the highest bacterial loads observed in the spleen and kidneys. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the whole genome size of ZQ2205 was 2128105 bp with a GC content of 36.83%, encoding 2035 genes. Eighteen virulence factor genes were identified, primarily involved in immune modulation, adherence, exo enzyme, and nutritional and metabolic factors. Additionally, 21 antibiotic resistance genes and 18 antibiotic target genes were predicted, mainly associated with penicillins, daptomycin, rifamycins, sulfonamides, and quinolones. In summary, these findings demonstrated that S. iniae strain ZQ2205 possesses high pathogenicity and multidrug resistance and robust environmental adaptability. The whole genome information revealed characteristics of virulence and antibiotic resistance, which are of significant importance for preventing and controlling this disease.
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LIU Xuejiao, LI Jie, DAN Caixia, HAI Qiang, LIU Hao, LIU Zhe, ZHU Lirui, WANG Jianfu
2025,32(2):246-257, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0391
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia-nitrogen stress on serum antioxidant enzymes, intestinal immunity-related genes, and microbial community structures in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Rainbow trout with an average body weight of (13.5±0.5) g were selected for the study. The experimental design included a control group (C group) and three ammonia stress groups: a low (L) group at 2 mg/L, a medium (M) group at 4 mg/L, and a high (H) group at 6 mg/L. A 10-day ammonia stress exposure was administered to these groups. Thereafter, an intraperitoneal injection of IHNV with a TCID50 of 10–7.875/mL, at a volume of 0.25 mL, was administered. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum were measured 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post-infection. Additionally, the expression levels of immune-related genes Mx, IgM, IRF7, and IFN-α in the intestine were assessed. Seven days post-infection, histological changes and differences in the microbial community within the intestinal tissues were examined. The results indicated that the mortality rate of rainbow trout following infection with IHNV was positively correlated with the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen stress. As the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen increased, the degree of vacuolation in the intestinal epithelial cells of the rainbow trout intensified, and villus area decreased. Additionally, the activity of AKP in the serum decreased significantly (P＜0.05) after infection, whereas the activities of ALT and MDA exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. The expression levels of Mx, IRF7, IFN-α, and IgM in the intestinal tissue exhibited a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease. Seven days post-infection, at the phylum level, the abundances of Pseudomonadota and Mycoplasmatota in the intestine significantly increased (P＜0.05) in correlation with rising ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. Conversely, the abundances of Cyanobacteriota and Bacillota significantly decreased (P＜0.05). At the genus level, compared with the control group, the ammonia-nitrogen stress group showed an increase in harmful bacteria, whereas the abundance of beneficial bacteria demonstrated a decreasing trend. The results indicate that ammonia-nitrogen stress increases the susceptibility of rainbow trout to IHNV, reduces their antioxidant capacity and immune responses, and disrupts the stability of their intestinal tissue and microbiota. This study provides a theoretical basis for the ecological prevention and control of IHN in rainbow trout farming.
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ZHAO Yunxia, WANG Xinliang, YING Yiping, ZHU Jiancheng, LIU Lu, LI Wenxiong, ZHAO Xianyong
2025,32(2):258-275, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2024-0285
Abstract:
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity, and is also an important polar fishing resource. Managing Antarctic krill resources is crucial for ensuring the health of global marine ecosystems and promoting the sustainable development of the fishing industry. A large number of krill resource surveys and assessments have been continuously conducted to accurately assess the spatiotemporal distribution of krill resources. The distribution and variability of Antarctic krill resources are closely related to environmental factors in the Southern Ocean. In the context of climate change, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), an intergovernmental organization, has also accelerated the development of new management mechanisms for the Antarctic krill fishery. This study summarizes the current assessment of Antarctic krill resources and fishery development. We concentrated on the research progress of the impact of major environmental factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of Antarctic krill resources and fishery, such as seawater temperature, sea ice, currents, water masses, fronts, food, and ultraviolet and visible light, and focused on elucidating the impact of physical environmental factors on the physiological functions of krill, early larval recruitment, resource transport and retention, and other key functions and processes. We found that fluctuations of the water temperature directly affect the physiological functions and distribution of krill, the cyclical changes in sea ice affect the survival of krill larvae and population recruitment, the structure of currents plays a key role in the transport and distribution of krill, changes in water masses and fronts also affect the retention and migration of krill populations, and seasonal changes in food concentration directly affect the reproductive capacity and growth rate of krill. In addition, other environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation and light cycles also impact krill. This study provides an outlook for future research on the distribution of krill resources and the sustainable development of fisheries in the context of climate change. It offers references for subsequent research, such as the impact of environmental factors on the ecological habits of krill, the construction of circumpolar resource monitoring techniques, and the formulation of krill fishery management strategies.
Volume 32,2025 Issue 2
研究论文
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Study of Feeding Strategy and Crucial Morphological Changes of Artemia under Indoor Mass Culture Conditions
luyulong, wuxinhua, yanxinrong, wanxuerui, dongkaoshuai, mahaoran, gaomeirong, suiliying
Abstract:
本研究探究了在室内高密度养殖生产高质量、规格均一卤虫的投喂策略,明确了高密度养殖中卤虫形态发育变化的关键期。首先在10 L锥形养殖桶中,以等鞭金藻为基础饵料,养殖中后期补充颗粒大小为25~30 μm的人工饵料养殖卤虫,设置3.33 g(X-0.5)、6.70 g(X-1)和10.02 g(X-1.5)三个总投喂量,测定不同投喂量下卤虫的生长和水体总氮和无机氮含量变化。结果表明,当投喂量为X-1和X-1.5时,卤虫体长及生物量显著高于X-0.5(P＜0.05)。养殖过程中NO2--N、NH4+-N和TN整体变化趋势保持一致,但NO3--N变化趋势存在差异,当投喂量为X-0.5时,NO3--N有升高趋势；投喂量为X-1时,NO3--N趋势变化平稳；投喂量为X-1.5时,NO3--N有下降趋势。总体而言,高氮养殖环境未对卤虫养殖产生不良影响。之后将X-1投喂量应用于1吨水体卤虫养殖13天,明确了养殖过程中的附肢发育期和第二触角退化期两个关键时期,此时卤虫存活率易发生大幅下降。养殖结束后,卤虫存活率为72.3±1.2%,生物量为2230±112.7 g,平均体长为7.24±0.09 mm。人工养殖卤虫的粗蛋白含量为52.28±0.19%干重,粗脂肪含量为17.64±7.01%干重,EPA含量为7.56±1.51 mg/g干重,均高于渤海湾盐田卤虫成虫。综上,卤虫养殖前期使用粒径较小且易消化的单胞藻,中后期适量投喂人工饲料,可实现稳定的卤虫产量,养殖过程中应密切关注关键时期卤虫的密度变化。本研究结果不仅为卤虫室内规模化养殖提供策略指导,而且为实验动物卤虫的科学研究中获得数量稳定的健康卤虫提供方法参考。
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The effects of bar spacing and inclination angles of Nordm?re grid on the stability of the trawl cod-end
Abstract:
Nordm?re 栅栏是一种广泛用于虾拖网渔业中减少副渔获物的栅型兼捕减少装置。其栅条间距和栅栏倾角不仅影响网囊结构水动力，对网囊系统的稳定性也会产生一定影响。本研究通过动水槽模型试验，探究了栅条间距（15 mm、25 mm、35 mm、45 mm）和栅栏倾角（30°、45°、60°）对网囊系统阻力和形态的影响变化，结果表明：（1）网囊阻力随着栅栏倾角和流速的增大而增大，但随栅条间距的增大而减小。不同装配倾角的网囊平均阻力从大到小依次为，A-60°栅>A-45°栅> A-30°栅>无栅栏。无栅栏网囊的平均阻力分别比A-60°栅、A-45°栅和A-30°小170%、120%和72%；（2）随着栅栏倾角的增大，网囊轮廓形态扩张效果显著，网囊垂直方向的中心点位置偏低。随着流速增大，网囊整体形态呈收缩趋势。栅栏倾角为A-60°时，网囊周长较倾角A-30°和A-45°时分别增大了18%和8%；（3）测试中发现，网囊阻力呈一定程度波动规律，随流速增大，网囊阻力振荡效果越显著；当栅栏倾角为A-30°时，网囊阻力振荡效果最为显著，栅栏倾角为A-45°时，网囊阻力振荡效果较弱；栅栏倾角为A-30°时的阻力平均振幅较A-45°时增大26%；（4）栅条间距对网囊阻力振荡影响并不显著。本研究结果对优化设计栅型兼捕减少装置，提高拖网选择性具有重要意义。
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The effects of acute salinity stress on the structure, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression of gills and hepatopancreas tissues in Sinonovacula constricta
Wang Zhinan, Xia Sudong, YU Jianing, ZHAO Liyan, Gao Zheying, DONG Yinghui, LIU Zhihong, SUN Xiujun, ZHOU Liqing, MA Peizhen, LI Zhuanzhuan, WU Biao
Abstract:
为研究急性盐度胁迫对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)组织结构、抗氧化能力、氯离子通道蛋白7基因(ScCLC 7)和微粒体谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶3基因(ScMGST 3)表达的影响,将缢蛏新品系暴露于盐度为20、30和40的水体中48 h,对缢蛏鳃和肝胰腺的组织结构、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,及ScCLC 7和ScMGST 3基因表达变化进行了检测分析。结果表明,低盐(S20)与高盐(S40)胁迫均导致缢蛏鳃和肝胰腺的结构发生损伤,且高盐(S40)对组织损伤更为严重。酶活方面,S40组缢蛏个体鳃组织的MDA含量和SOD活性明显提高,而S20则变化不大；肝胰腺组织中,低盐和高盐胁迫均能提高MDA含量和SOD活性,其中MDA对低盐、高盐胁迫呈先升后降的共性响应。基因表达响应方面,鳃中ScCLC 7在高盐和低盐胁迫6 h时便显著上调,后恢复至对照水平,而肝胰腺中ScCLC 7则表现出先降后升趋势；高盐和低盐胁迫均上调了鳃和肝胰腺ScMGST 3的表达量,但高盐对鳃的影响程度高于肝胰腺,而低盐对肝胰腺的影响程度高于鳃。结果表明,盐度提高或降低10的急性胁迫均能显著损伤缢蛏鳃和肝胰腺正常的微结构,并通过改变MDA含量、SOD活性,以及ScCLC 7、 ScMGST 3基因表达调节机体的盐度适应能力。本研究为解析缢蛏应对急性盐度胁迫的生理响应和调控机制提供了参考资料。
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The existence of the migratory Coilia nasus in Chaohu Lake and an investigation of its origin
Chen Lingjie, Xuan Zhongya, Ma Fengjiao, Yang Yanping, Liu Kai
Abstract:
为了解巢湖中刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的生境履历并追溯其出生起源。利用电子探针微区分析技术(EMPA)分析了2022年7月25日采自巢湖的9尾刀鲚(Coilia nasus)成鱼个体的矢耳石中锶和钙微化学特征。并进一步利用激光剥蚀连接多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)技术分析了其中5尾成鱼矢耳石的锶同位素(87Sr/86Sr)特征。研究发现, 巢湖中采集的9尾刀鲚个体中7尾的耳石Sr/Ca值从核心到边缘均低于3, 显示为淡水生活史个体。此外, 22CH03个体Sr/Ca值短暂高于3, 但个体的87Sr/86Sr值稳定的处于0.71053附近, 显示其为淡水生活史个体。另有1尾个体22CH07的耳石具有Sr/Ca值的剧烈波动, 在核心附近的低Sr/Ca值区之后升高, 达到5.37±0.57; 最后在边缘降至低于3, 显示其出生于淡水, 生长于河口及近海, 后又上溯到淡水的洄游生活史。22CH07耳石87Sr/86Sr值最初处于0.71451的高值, 其区域与低Sr/Ca值区域对应, 87Sr/86Sr值高于巢湖及其支流, 与鄱阳湖接近, 据此推测其为鄱阳湖起源的个体; 之后降低到0.70945附近, 与高Sr/Ca值区域对应, 表明其迁移到河口等半咸水生境生活; 边缘降低到0.71079, 与巢湖背景87Sr/86Sr值接近。以上结果表明巢湖中存在溯河洄游型刀鲚个体, 且推测其来自鄱阳湖, 提示巢湖仍具有一定的江湖连通性。另外, 鉴于本研究较小的样本量, 尚需进一步调查巢湖中是否存在巢湖出生并返回巢湖繁殖的溯河洄游型刀鲚种群。
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Cloning and Expression of Hnf4 Gene in Eriocheir sinensis
Yang Zhigang, Hu Yun, Lei Jinyun, Chen Aqin, Li Teng, Wang Aimin, Cheng Yongxu
Abstract:
肝细胞核因子4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, HNF4)是长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, LC-PUFA)生物合成的重要转录因子。本研究使用RACE技术克隆中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)Hnf4基因, qPCR检测Hnf4基因在多个组织中的表达情况, 并通过RNA干扰、添加其抑制剂和激动剂处理后分析脂质代谢相关基因的表达变化。结果显示, 中华绒螯蟹Hnf4基因全长3554 bp, 其中5?非编码区长度为569 bp, 3?非编码区为1179 bp, 开放阅读框为1806 bp, 编码601个氨基酸。HNF4蛋白总平均亲疏水性为?0.177, 推测HNF4蛋白为亲水性蛋白。同源性分析发现中华绒螯蟹HNF4与克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)、拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)等虾蟹类具有较高的序列同一性和氨基酸同源性, 且在系统进化树中与拟穴青蟹和三疣梭子蟹HNF4聚为一支。qPCR结果显示, Hnf4在多个组织中均有表达, 但在肝胰腺中表达最高。使用dsRNA干扰Hnf4基因的表达后, 中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中Fas、Scd、Fad6、Fad9以及Elovl4基因的表达显著降低, Hsl基因表达显著上调(P<0.05); 注射抑制剂BI-6015与RNA干扰结果相似, 而注射激动剂Benfluorex得到了相反的结果, 这提示Hnf4基因对中华绒螯蟹的脂质代谢及LC-PUFA生物合成调控有一定作用。上述研究结果可以为进一步探究HNF4的生物特异性作用以及对中华绒螯蟹脂质代谢等生理调控机制提供参考。
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The impact of different obstacles on the swimming ability of three types of juvenile fish
zengyuping, Yu Lixiong, Lin Xiaoju, Wu Chijie, Wang Min, Duan Xinbin, Zhu Fengyue, Wang Dengqiang
Abstract:
为了解不同障碍物所形成的复杂水流环境对鱼类游泳能力的影响，以青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)幼鱼为对象，通过在游泳水槽中放置圆型、方型和半圆型障碍物，研究3种幼鱼的临界游泳速度及感应流速差异。结果表明：青鱼幼鱼在无障碍物和半圆型障碍物下临界游泳速度无显著性差异(P>0.05)，在圆柱和方型障碍物下临界游泳速度显著降低(P<0.05)，Uacrit分别降低了36.3%和15.6%，Urcrit分别降低了34.9%和15.3%；中华倒刺鲃幼鱼在方型障碍物下Urcrit为(15.20±0.84) BL/s，相较于对照组[Urcrit=(17.42±0.55) BL/s]降低了12.7%(P<0.05)；长鳍吻鮈幼鱼在三种障碍物下的临界游泳速度均显著低于无障碍物组(P<0.05)，其中在圆型障碍物组影响最为显著，Uacrit和Urcrit为(62.83±7.52) cm/s、(8.17±0.73) BL/s。青鱼、中华倒刺鲃幼鱼感应流速在无障碍物和不同型式障碍物下均无显著性差异(P>0.05)，长鳍吻鮈幼鱼感应流速在圆型和方型障碍物下差异性显著(P<0.05)，3种幼鱼感应流速范围：Uaind为1.60~5.20 cm/s，Urind为0.17~0.62 BL/s。在相同障碍物环境下，中华倒刺鲃Urcrit和Urind均显著高于青鱼和长鳍吻鮈。3种实验鱼临界游泳速度均大于感应流速。研究发现，障碍物及种类对鱼类的临界游泳能力具有显著影响，而对幼鱼感应流速的影响仅在种类间表现出显著性差异。结果可为鱼类栖息场所和鱼道设计提供参考。
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Energy flow characteristics of food web in Lvsi fishing ground based on LIM-MCMC
Zhang Hu, Zhang Zhuodi, Li pengcheng, Ben Chengkai, Xue Ying, Zhu Chaowen, Xiao Yueyue, Zu kaiwei, Yuan Jianmei, Hu Haisheng, Zhang Rui
Abstract:
食物网能量流动对于维持海洋生态系统结构、功能及其稳定性具有重要意义，有助于深入了解海洋生态系统食物网营养动力学过程及其重要性。本研究根据2023年在吕泗渔场海域开展的季节性生物资源调查数据，构建了马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗逆线性模型（Linear inverse model with markov chain monte carlo, LIM-MCMC），并结合生态网络分析（Ecological network analysis, ENA）探究该海域食物网能量流动特征和生态系统状态。结果表明，该海域海洋生物可划分为22个功能群，共形成224条能量流动路径。由浮游动物所同化的能量，经过斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、其它底栖生物、其它软体动物等功能群向上传递，维持着高营养级生物的生长、发育和繁殖。尽管浮游动物包括21条能量流出路径，但其摄食的能量绝大部分通过呼吸消耗损失，为1764.70 kg.km-2.year-1，未能有效的向更高营养级传递。此外，该海域生态系统的总流量（Total system throughput, TST）、总初级生产力/总呼吸（Total primary production/Total respiration, TPP/TR）、总初级生产力（Total primary production, TPP）、系统连接指数（Connectance, C）和发展程度（Extent of development, AC）、约束效率（Constraint efficiency, CE）、芳恩循环指数（Finn’s cycling index, FCI）、协同效应指数（Synergism index, b/c）、主导间接效应（Dominance indirect effects, i/d）分别为5421.34 kg.km-2.year-1、1803.92 kg.km-2.year-1、1.00、0.41和0.93、0.75、0.24、1.32、5.46。与其它海域生态系统比较表明，该海域生态系统规模较大、更成熟，食物网结构也相对复杂，能够在较大程度上抵御外界扰动。此外，该海域生态系统发展空间较大、网络约束较低，对能量利用效率较低，具有较高的可持续性。本研究将有助于为吕泗渔场海域食物网营养动力学深入研究以及该海域渔业资源的科学管理提供科学依据。
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(1. Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun 130118；
Abstract:
为探究不同生长环境下冷水鱼肌肉品质存在的差异及其原因，以马苏大麻哈鱼为研究对象，采集洄游型和陆封型三倍体、选育和非选育马苏大麻哈鱼的背部肌肉，分别从表观特性、质构特性、营养成分和组学特征进行比较分析。结果显示：马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体组的破裂力、胶粘性、系水力显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；三倍体组的粘附力、剪切力和内聚性显著低于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；三倍体组的pH显著低于选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；洄游型的硬度显著高于非选育组（P<0.05）。三倍体组的肌肉红度显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）。马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉粗脂肪和水分含量三倍体组显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）；肌肉粗蛋白和粗灰分含量洄游型显著高于陆封型的三倍体、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）。洄游型马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于陆封型（P<0.05），且各组之间均差异显著（P<0.05）。陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸总含量显著高于洄游型（P<0.05），且三倍体组最高；肌肉中EPA和DHA含量三倍体组显著高于洄游型、选育和非选育组（P<0.05）。陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼肌肉肌纤维直径显著高于洄游型（P<0.05）。研究结果表明：陆封型马苏大麻哈三倍体鱼肌肉中蛋白质和氨基酸含量略低于洄游型，但陆封型三倍体在肌肉质构、色泽、脂肪酸组成和肌纤维结构优于洄游型和其他养殖群体。本结果为冷水鱼的品种选育优化、差异化养殖、功能性饲料开发提供了科学依据。
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Gap-free genome assembly of freshwater resident Coilia nasus
MA Fengjiao, WANG Hui, REN Long, LIU Kai
Abstract:
淡水定居型刀鲚(Coilia nasus taihuensis)又称为湖鲚，终生生活在淡水湖泊中，不需要进行江海洄游也能完成整个生活史过程。栖息生境的差异及长期的地理分割，使得湖鲚与洄游型刀鲚(Coilia nasus)选择了不同的环境适应性进化机制。由于目前缺乏湖鲚的基因组信息，与其环境适应相关的遗传机制缺乏系统研究。本研究以太湖的定居型个体为实验对象，通过Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) high-fidelity (HiFi)测序数据组装得到高质量基因组骨架，利用Hi-C测序数据实现基因组染色体水平的组装，结合Nanopore测序数据进行基因组补洞，最终获得完整的、无间隙的湖鲚参考基因组。湖鲚基因组大小约为834.09 Mb，contig N50高达35.45 Mb，挂载到24条染色体上，挂载率为99.83%。基因组组装质量评估显示，BUSCO(Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs)评估值为91.90%，表明基因组组装完整性较高。基因组注释特征显示，基因组重复序列总长度为382.39 Mb，占基因组的45.85%，基因结构注释共鉴定21,730个蛋白编码基因，其中21,666个基因(99.71%)被功能注释。基因组共线性结果显示，刀鲚和湖鲚之间具有极高的基因组共线性比率(96.95%)，共鉴定到48,852个共线性区块，表明两者之间遗传关系密切。本研究为后续刀鲚适应性机制研究提供素材，为深入开展湖鲚群体遗传学研究提供重要的基因组资源。
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Annual changes of ovarian development and sex steroid levels in female cultured largefin longbarbel catfish (Hemibagrus macropterus) broodstocksLI Zuyang1,3,#, LI Shuang2,#,YUE Huamei1,YE Huan1,CHEN Yuankun2,RUAN Rui1,XIE Yong2,*,LI Chuangju1,*
LI Zuyang, LI Shuang, YUE Huamei, YE Huan, CHEN Yuankun, RUAN Rui, XIE Yong, LI Chuangju
Abstract:
大鳍鳠(Hemibagrus macropterus)是我国重要的特色经济养殖鱼类，为加强对养殖大鳍鳠亲鱼的性腺发育调控，本研究采用形态测量法、组织学和酶联免疫吸附法，探讨了人工养殖条件下大鳍鳠雌性亲鱼卵巢发育及性类固醇激素含量的周年变化。结果表明：大鳍鳠雌性亲鱼性腺指数(GSI)在5月达到峰值12.16±0.67%，标志其进入繁殖期；8月GSI显著下降至0.89±0.24%，卵巢开始退化；从11月(0.57±0.03%)至次年2月(0.82±0.05%)，大鳍鳠GSI值无显著变化(P>0.05)。大鳍鳠亲鱼卵巢内卵母细胞类型根据形态学特征可分为六个时相，即卵原细胞时期(I)、卵母细胞初始生长期(II)、皮层小泡期(III)、卵黄生成期(IV)、成熟期(V)、退化期(VI)。根据卵巢内各时相卵母细胞的占比可将其卵巢周年发育分为启动发育期(11月)、繁殖前期(2月)、繁殖期(5月)、退化期(8月)。性类固醇激素含量测定结果显示，大鳍鳠雌性亲鱼血清中雌二醇(E?)含量在5月升至峰值(301.15 pg/mL)，随后显著下降；血清中11-酮基睾酮(11-KT)含量则在8月最高(135.00 pg/mL)，且与其他月份差异显著(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明，养殖雌性大鳍鳠全年GSI只有一个峰值，为一次产卵类型，5月进入繁殖期；血清中的性类固醇激素水平与大鳍鳠卵巢发育阶段紧密相关，可作为评估养殖大鳍鳠卵巢发育状况的重要指标。本研究结果可为深入研究大鳍鳠亲本的繁殖调控以及提高人工繁殖效率提供参考。
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1.College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China;
SONG LIMING, XU HUI, QI YUKUN, LUCHANHUANG, SHEN FENGYUAN, DING PENG, LI YUWEI, SHEN JIERAN
Abstract:
科学计算名义CPUE (catch per unit effort)是准确预测渔业资源丰度分布的先决条件。延绳钓渔业的渔获量和努力量的统计结果受空间跨度的影响,由于数据来源的不同导致名义CPUE计算结果存在差异,可能影响渔场预测精度。本研究依据密克罗尼西亚海域延绳钓渔船渔捞日志和VMS(vessel monitor system)得到的渔业数据,计算得出黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)的两种名义CPUE。基于BiLSTM (Bi-directional long-short-term memory)模型,将两种名义CPUE分别作为模型输入,结合空间要素和海洋遥感环境数据,建立黄鳍金枪鱼的渔场预报模型,并评价不同的名义CPUE输入对渔场预测精度的影响；通过SHAP(SHapley Additive exPlanations)分析,得出对黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预测的重要变量；通过不同名义CPUE的地理空间分布得出渔场的时空分布特征。结果表明,BiLSTM模型可用来预测黄鳍金枪鱼渔场,具有良好的预测效果；基于VMS计算的名义CPUE比基于渔捞日志计算的名义CPUE建立的BiLSTM渔场预测模型有更高的精度。影响黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预测的重要变量是:叶绿素浓度,200 m水层的溶解氧浓度,300 m水层的温度,200 m水层的温度和经度等。基于渔捞日志的渔场南北分散,而基于VMS的渔场主要集中在南部,由温度和溶解氧浓度的垂直剖面图推测基于VMS得出的渔场更合理；密克罗尼西亚海域黄鳍金枪鱼渔场在一二季度分布较为密集。本研究证明基于VMS可计算延绳钓渔业的名义CPUE并用于渔场预测；基于本研究的结果,当以较小空间尺度研究金枪鱼延绳钓渔场时,建议按照VMS的方式逐条记录渔获位置,以网格化计算CPUE,从而提高渔场预测精度。
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Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of different selective breeding generations in Procambarus clarkii using microsatellite markers
Lin Shiyu, Tao Yang, Chen Nan, Liao Mingcong, Wang Jianghua, Gu Zemao
Abstract:
为了解人工选育对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)选育群体的遗传多样性的影响,研究采用20个微卫星标记比较分析了克氏原螯虾5个连续选育世代(F1-F5)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示：20个微卫星标记在389尾样本中共检测到246个等位基因,每个位点检测到的等位基因为5~22个,平均为12.30个。选育过程中,F1到F5的平均观测杂合度(Ho)从0.539下降至0.433,平均期望杂合度(He)从0.734下降至0.680,平均多态信息含量(PIC)从0.695下降至0.638。尽管选育群体的Ho、He和PIC均有所下降,但依然处于较高水平。F-检验结果显示,基于微卫星标记的选育群体的近交系数(Fis)介于0.106~0.622,平均值为0.304,所有多态性位点均为正值,说明群体中存在一定程度的近交。世代间配对比较的遗传分化指数(Fst)值介于0.010~0.039,说明群体的遗传分化处于低等水平。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果表明,F1-F5中的遗传变异主要来自于群体内(95.16%)。基于Nei氏遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统发育树结果显示,F1、F2独立聚类为一支,F4与F5先聚类,再与F3聚类为另一支,遗传结构已经发生改变。综上所述,克氏原螯虾经多代人工选择后,选育群体的遗传多样性依然维持在较高水平,具有进一步选育的潜力,今后选育过程中应引入不同来源亲本或增加育种亲本数量,减少近交现象的发生。
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Prediction of South Pacific Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) recruitment based on the LASSO regression method
Wang Yang, Zhu Jiangfeng, Zhang Fan, Geng Zhe
Abstract:
种群补充是维持资源可持续的关键生物学过程，准确预测和理解补充量的变异性已经成为渔业管理的核心问题。以往对南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus alalunga）补充量的预测方法在处理环境变量间多重共线性及筛选关键驱动变量方面时存在显著局限性，容易导致模型过拟合及预测精度下降。为弥补以上不足，本研究引入LASSO回归算法以优化预测变量筛选过程并提升预测精度。基于2000-2017年观测数据构建模型，并结合CMIP6多模式气候预测数据对2018-2100年补充量进行长期预测。结果表明，LASSO方法通过收缩无关变量，有效消除变量冗余，提高了模型预测精度。最佳模型解释率为45.9%，其中海表温度（SST）和混合层深度（MLD）为预测补充量的重要因子。预测结果显示，在二氧化碳较高排放情形下（SSP585，SSP370），在2070年代种群补充量趋近于零，种群崩溃风险显著升高；在低碳路径（SSP126）下，补充量仍呈现持续性衰减趋势。本研究结果为渔业资源预测及变量选择介绍了有效方法，并构建气候-补充耦合预测模型，为制定适应性管理策略、规避种群崩溃风险提供了量化决策支持。
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Correlation analysis of bacterial structure and environmental factors during the skin ulcer syndrome outbreak period of Apostichopus japonicus cultured in cage aquaculture system in Fujian Province
Wang jinjin, Wang yingeng, Li bin, Rong xiaojun, Liao meijie, Ge jianlong, Chen Zhengqiang, Liu qingbing, Jiang Minqi
Abstract:
本研究以2023年11月份福建东吾洋的小雷江、文岐、围江海域吊笼养殖区暴发的刺参腐皮综合征为研究对象，对其发病特征、菌群结构及菌群与环境因子的相关性进行解析，以期掌握该养殖模式下相关疾病发生时期的养殖系统的菌群结构特征，为该区域刺参病害防控提供科学依据。本研究通过对患病组织及水样中微生物的16S rDNA可变区V3~V4区域进行高通量测序及菌群结构分析，结果表明检测到的细菌归属于33门，72纲，350 科，各区域患病刺参体壁样品中，位于前三的优势菌门均为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）和放线菌门（Actinobacteriota），优势菌科有黄杆菌科（Flavobacteriaceae）、红杆菌科（Rhodobacteraceae）、肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）和微杆菌科（Microbacteriaceae）等；在3个区域的水体样品中，位于前二的优势菌门均为变形菌门和拟杆菌门，优势菌科有黄杆菌科、红杆菌科、放线菌科（Actinomarinaceae）和蓝细菌（unclassified_Cyanobacteriia）等。α多样性分析显示Chao1和ACE指数在不同区域的刺参体壁和水样中均表现出显著的差异性，PCoA分析显示水体样品聚集在一起外周包围着刺参体壁样品，表明水样菌群与海参健康具有一定的相关性。对所研究样品中科水平上Top 20的菌群进行相关性分析发现，18个菌群间有100对组合具有显著相关性，且毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）、颤螺菌科（Oscillospiraceae）与鼠杆菌科（Muribaculaceae）相互之间存在着极强的相关性，相关性系数达到了0.95以上。菌群与环境因子间相关性分析显示，BOD/Hg/Zn/Ni四种环境因子与微生物的α多样性具有显著的相关性（p < 0.05）。综合上述结果表明，患病刺参个体的体壁组织中存在大量的弧菌，患病组织与水体中的菌群具有显著的相关性，且环境因子对菌群结构及微生态的稳定性具有重要影响。相关研究结果将有助于为刺参腐皮综合征的防控提供科学依据，并进一步推动刺参养殖过程中环境保护及养殖工艺的优化，为科学养殖及病害防控提供理论依据。
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Screening of Genes and SNP Markers Related to the Body Wall Proportion of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Based on Selective Sweeping Analysis
Song zhiwei, Ge Jianlonng, Wang Jinjin, Liao Meijie, Li Bin, Wang Yingeng, Rong Xiaojun, Niu Licheng, He Yating
Abstract:
刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)出皮率即刺参体壁占总体重的比例, 是刺参重要的经济性状和判别刺参品质的重要指标，开展刺参出皮率的遗传调控机制可为良种选育提供科学依据。 本研究以同一养殖环境下的同一批次养殖刺参群体为基础, 对250个随机选择个体进行出皮率测定, 筛选出高出皮率(H组)和低出皮率(L组)刺参各25头, 基于全基因组重测序和选择消除分析, 筛选与出皮率相关的受选择区域, 挖掘出皮率相关基因和关键通路, 进一步确定出皮率相关SNP位点和优势基因型。全基因组重测序共得到7398410个高质量的SNP, 群体遗传结构分析表明两组间遗传结构无明显分化。基于Fst & Pi的选择消除分析分别筛选出高出皮率组和低出皮率组524个和484个受选择区域, 分别注释到214个和193个候选功能基因。通路富集分析得到1199个预测GO类目和44个KEGG代谢通路, 从其中获得与出皮率差异相关的4个显著差异富集通路: 代谢途径(metabolic pathways)、脂肪酸伸长(fatty acid elongation)、脂肪酸代谢(fatty acid metabolism)和黏蛋白O-聚糖生物合成(mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis)。通过功能基因检索分析筛选出ELP2、TPRA1、G2E3、TIE1、DOCK1 5个可能与高出皮率相关的功能基因, 进一步筛选出在这5个相关基因内与出皮率相关的28个SNP位点, 并获得了与高出皮率相关的优势基因型4个。上述研究结果为探究刺参出皮率遗传调控机制提供了基础数据, 也为培育高出皮率刺参优良品种培育和标记辅助育种技术建立奠定基础。
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Research on the hydraulic characteristics of large land-based high-position circular aquaculture tank for pollution collection
GUI Fukun, CHEN Jianeng, FENG Dejun, NAN Hailin, ZHOU Qixian, ZHANG Qingjing, WU Yanfei
Abstract:
为探究推水器作用下大尺寸陆基高位圆池内的水动力特性。通过进行现场试验,设计了3组推水器布设角度(与池壁的相对角度,θ = 0°、20°、45°),每组角度工况下设置7组推水器数量(n = 2、3、4、6、8、10、12)。利用“小威龙”声学多普勒流速仪测量池内表、中、底三个不同水层(h = 30 cm、60 cm、90 cm)的流速分布,从平均流速、养殖池均匀系数U等方面分析养殖池内水动力特性的变化。结果表明：推水器设置方式对流场和水动力特性影响显著,在布设12个推水器的情况下,当布设角度θ为0°时,池中央存在大面积的低流速区,不同水层的养殖池均匀系数集中在0.15～0.25之间,水体混合效果较差。布设角度θ从20°增大到45°时,池内低流速区面积随着角度增大而减小,布设角度为45°时各个工况下的平均流速都超过了0.047 m/s,养殖池均匀系数都在0.3以上,养殖池流场分布最为均匀,池内高流速区面积显著扩大。布设角度θ为45°时,当推水器布设数量n > 2,推水器数量的变化对池内流场分布的影响没有明显差异。相对于布设数量n上的变化,布设角度θ会对池内流场变化带来更明显的影响。本研究结果可为大尺寸圆形养殖池内推水器布设方式的优化提供理论依据。
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Molecular cloning, interaction with CDX2 and expression regulation of CDK2 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
HE Zhimin, LUO Junhan, WANG CHEN Haoyang, TANG Xiang, JIANG Ran, WANG Qixiang, LIU Jing, LI Yanfang, GAO Xing, ZENG Peng, QING Yanling, LUO Yanan, LIU Zhen
Abstract:
为探讨草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella) cdk2的分子特征、CDK2蛋白与CDX2的相互作用及其表达营养调控, 本研究通过克隆获得草鱼cdk2基因序列, 其开放阅读框897 bp, 编码298个氨基酸, 与其他物种CDK2氨基酸序列同源性达到80%以上, 且具有保守S_TKc功能域; 基于cdk2的密码子偏好性及聚类分析均表明, 草鱼与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的亲缘关系最近; 相对基于cdk2 RSCU的聚类分析, 基于CDK2氨基酸序列的系统进化树分析更符合传统物种的分类; 组织表达分析结果表明, 草鱼cdk2 mRNA在血液组织表达水平最高(P<0.05), 肝脏和脾脏次之。通过分子对接和酵母双杂交分析了草鱼CDK2与其下游磷酸化底物蛋白CDX2的相互作用, 结果表明草鱼CDK2与CDX2具有相互作用。本研究进一步通过养殖实验探究了饲料中添加不同水平的游离氨基酸CAA(游离lys和Glu)、二肽KE (Lys-Glu, KE), 三肽GHK (Gly-His-Lys, GHK)对cdk2的表达调控, 结果表明, 相比对照组, 0.5% GHK对草鱼cdk2 mRNA的表达促进作用最大, 氨基酸CAA相比具有同样氨基酸组成的KE二肽, 更能促进cdk2的表达。综上所述, 草鱼cdk2基因表达具有组织特异性, CDK2与CDX2相互作用, cdk2表达水平受到饲料中氨基酸和小肽水平的影响。本研究为其他硬骨鱼类cdk2分子特征的研究, 鱼类肠道功能基因的调控机制探索研究提供新的线索, 并为后续开展cdk2基因调控氨基酸及小肽的转运吸收分子机制研究提供理论基础。
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Establishment of a highly sensitive one-step PCR assay for detecting white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Procambarus clarkii based on the vp19 gene
Chen Nan, Luo Xiaohong, Liao Mingcong, Hu Ruixue, Li Dan, Gu Zemao
Abstract:
白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）是危害克氏原螯虾养殖的重要病原。本研究旨在针对该病毒早期检测和诊断速度慢、灵敏度不高、不便捷等问题，建立新的WSSV一步式PCR检测方法。该方法基于WSSV主要囊膜蛋白VP19的基因保守序列设计引物，建立方法并针对分析特异性、分析灵敏度、诊断特异性、诊断灵敏度开展了与WOAH巢式PCR方法的比较评估。结果表明，本方法对WSSV具有高分析特异性，仅在阳性样本中扩增出196 bp条带，与传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病毒等其它常见水产病原无交叉反应。分析灵敏度测试显示，以WSSV标准质粒为模板时，本方法理论检出限低至1.83 copies/μL；以田间样品混合DNA为模板时，最低检出限达0.82 fg/μL，均优于WOAH推荐巢式PCR方法。同时，我们以WOAH Taqman qPCR方法为标准，比较了本方法和巢式PCR对317份田间样品的检测结果，本方法的诊断特异性为97.01%，诊断灵敏度为95.08%，均优于巢式PCR。综上所述，本研究建立的一步式PCR检测方法具有高特异性和高灵敏度的优点，适用于克氏原螯虾WSSV周年监测和快速诊断，能够为有效防控WSSV相关流行病提供重要的技术支持。
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A study on the impact of hydrological connectivity in the Chongming Dongtan tidal creek system of the Yangtze River Estuary on fish community distribution
feishujie, zhangtingting, zhaofeng, zhangtao, yanggang, wangsikai
Abstract:
水文连通性是指示河口湿地生态系统健康和功能的重要特征之一,其对河口鱼类群落的分布具有重要影响。本文选取了水文动态、景观维度上的2类共12个水文连通性指标,探索了河口湿地潮沟系统的水文连通性的差异性及鱼类群落对不同水文连通性栖息地的偏好,旨在为河口湿地的生态修复、生物多样性保护和水资源管理提供科学依据。结果表明：在不同潮汐条件下,河口湿地潮沟系统的水文连通性对鱼类群落的分布具有显著影响,潮差、淹没时长、节点数、河链数和节点连接率β等被识别为关键影响因素。进一步的典型相关分析分析(CCA),可将潮沟系统内部样点区域分为大潮高连通区、大潮低连通区、小潮高连通区、小潮低连通区和长期淹没区,共5类不同水文连通性区域,并且鱼类物种对不同水文连通区域的偏好各异,这些偏好与鱼类的游泳能力、个体大小和摄食行为等相关。例如,大鳞鲴(Xenocypris macrolepis)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)等鱼类对水体水流环境适应力强,偏好利用涨落潮进出潮沟觅食,倾向于在大潮高水文连通区域栖息。中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)和鲻科(Mugilidae)等是具有较强的溯水能力的鱼类,虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)偏好深入潮沟系统内部更稳定的水体觅食或栖息,它们倾向于在淹水时长较长的小潮高水文连通区域栖息。刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、大银鱼(Protosalanx chinensis)等幼鱼,对水深有一定的要求,不喜进入潮沟内部,偏好栖息在潮沟口或近岸的区域。研究结果表明了河口潮沟鱼类在潮汐作用下,对不同水文连通性栖息地的具有主动选择和适应性,为河口湿地的生态修复和鱼类生物多样性保护提供了科学依据,有助于在湿地水资源管理中制定调节水文连通性策略,以促进生态系统的可持续发展。
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Transcriptomics investigation of the mechanism of temperature effects on the embryonic development of Eriocheir sinensis
CUI Chaoyue, GENG Zhi, FENG Guangpeng, ZHANG Tao, ZHAO Feng, YANG Gang, ZHUANG Ping, HUANG Xiaorong
Abstract:
中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）是我国重要的经济蟹类，具有典型的洄游习性，每年需经历数月洄游至长江口进行繁殖活动，温度是影响其胚胎发育的关键环境因子之一。本研究通过设置恒温9℃、恒温15℃以及从9℃逐渐升高至15℃三个实验组，查明每个实验组胚胎发育的时间和有效积温，并利用转录组学技术揭示了温度对中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的分子调控机制。结果表明，温度显著影响胚胎发育进程及有效积温，在恒温9℃时，胚胎停滞在卵裂期不发育，其有效积温为1961.95 h·℃；温度从9℃逐渐升高至15℃时，胚胎能够发育至原溞状幼体期，且与恒温15℃组相比，胚胎发育时间缩短了144h，有效积温缩短了1303.77 h·℃。温度变化显著影响了胚胎发育相关基因的表达模式，当温度从9℃升高至15℃时，与胚胎发育相关的间隔基因（LOC126998238）显著下调，功能通路主要富集在内质网蛋白靶向；在恒温15℃下，胚胎中的母体效应基因（LOC126984051）则显著上调，功能通路主要富集在小分子代谢。研究表明，在一定范围内，胚胎发育随温度升高而加快，与恒温条件相比，变温能显著影响胚胎发育相关基因的表达及功能通路的富集，从而促进中华绒螯蟹胚胎的发育。
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Evaluation of self and hybrid culture edible rate, quality and toxic heavy metals of male Chinese mitten crab reared in cold regions
Sujunjie, Wangshihui, Zhangshuqi, Zhaozhigang, Luoliang, Zhangrui, Guokun
Abstract:
为筛选适宜在寒地养殖的河蟹种质并评价其品质特征，本研究对三种配组河蟹(辽河自交LL、长江自交YY、辽河♀×长江♂杂交LY)扣蟹进行为期5个月的养殖，获得成体雄蟹并比较了可食率、肥满度、色泽、常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、游离氨基酸组成、矿物质元素组成以及有毒重金属元素。结果表明：LY的出肉率MY和总可食率TEY显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；YY和LY头胸甲红度值、肝胰腺亮度值均显著高于LL (P< 0.05)，LY肝胰腺黄度值显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的粗蛋白含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY肝胰腺中∑PUFA、∑EFA、n-3/n-6 PUFA和DHA/EPA高于其余两组； LY性腺系统中脯氨酸Pro含量、肌肉中丙氨酸Ala和脯氨酸Pro含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总苦味氨基酸∑TBV相对较少；LY性腺系统和肌肉的总矿物质元素∑TME显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，LY的铁Fe和锌Zn含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)；LL、YY和和LY中有毒重金属元素含量远低于食品中污染物限量国家标准。综上所述，虽然LL肝胰腺指数HSI和性腺指数GSI较高，LL在肝胰腺和肌肉中的总脂含量和∑EFAA高于其余两组，YY肝胰腺和性腺系统中的灰分含量显著高于其余两组(P< 0.05)，但LY在绝大多数大部分指标上更占据优势，表现出更高的营养价值和食用安全性。
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The Pilot Application of Astaxanthin in Preventing Blue Body Syndrome(BBS) in Litopenaeus vannamei
Wei Xuchong, Yi Huadong, Fu Guangxu, Bi Sheng, Zhang Zhilun, Chen Jiahui, Li Guifeng, Wang Haifang
Abstract:
为探讨虾青素在改善凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)蓝体综合征(Blue Body Syndrome, BBS)引起的体色异常、生长迟缓和体质虚弱中的作用机制，本研究在前期工作的基础上设计了2种虾青素添加水平饲料：0 mg/kg (对照组, CT)和100 mg/kg (虾青素组, AX)，在循环水养殖系统中投喂初始体重为0.77±0.27 g的幼虾60 d，并对两组对虾的体色、不同组织的虾青素含量、组织结构、生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫能力进行了系统比较与分析。结果显示：(1) CT组活体对虾体表呈现蓝色，表现出典型的蓝体综合征症状。而AX组活体对虾体表呈现浅褐色，处于正常状态。养殖期间，CT组对虾肝胰腺、甲壳、肌肉3个组织的总虾青素含量降低了21.51%。而AX组的总虾青素含量增加了95.17%，且肝胰腺、甲壳的虾青素含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。实验结束时，AX组的对虾蓝体比率为8.67%，小于CT组的76.00%。结果表明，外源供给虾青素显著增加了对虾的虾青素沉积量，并改善对虾体色，减少了蓝体综合征的发生。(2) 在CT组对虾的不同组织切片中，观察到肝胰腺细胞萎缩变形，肌肉肌纤维细胞排列疏松，肠道单层柱状上皮细胞脱落等病理变化，而AX组对虾的各组织结构未见异常。结果表明，蓝体综合征造成对虾多个重要组织的结构损伤，而外源供给虾青素有助于对虾维持不同组织的正常结构。(3) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性，生长相关基因igf-1, igf-2的相对表达量，生长性能均显著提高(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过增强对虾的消化酶活性和促进生长相关基因的表达，改善蓝体综合征引起的生长抑制。(4) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高(P<0.05)，丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过提高对虾的抗氧化酶活性，改善蓝体综合征引起的抗氧化功能失调。(5) 与CT组相比，AX组对虾免疫相关基因crustin、penaeidin 3a、proPO、relish的相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)，表明虾青素通过促进免疫相关基因的表达，改善蓝体综合征引起的免疫抑制。综上，虾青素摄入不足引起的营养代谢紊乱是凡纳滨对虾蓝体综合征发生的重要原因。虾青素在对虾体内被优先用于强化其抗氧化防御系统，保护不同组织的结构与生理代谢活动，随后进行沉积着色，从而改善蓝体综合征引起的体色异常和生理功能紊乱。
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Research progress on key enzyme genes involved in DHA biosynthesis and their transcriptional regulation in fish
HU Xuesong, ZHONG Dawei, JIA Zhiying
Abstract:
二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) (22:6n-3)是近年来备受人们关注的一种n-3型长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, LC-PUFA)，在婴幼儿脑和视力发育中不可或缺，并具有调节血脂、抑制肿瘤生长和预防阿尔茨海默症等生理功能。鱼类是人们获取DHA的重要来源。然而，随着野生海洋鱼类资源的下降和养殖鱼类产量的不断攀升，未来从养殖鱼类中获取DHA的比重预计将显著提升。新近研究表明，基于对DHA合成核心因子及其调控机制的深入解析，通过基因操作或选育等手段有望提高养殖鱼类DHA的内源合成能力，从而减少饲料中鱼油的配比，并增加鱼体DHA含量。在LC-PUFAs合成过程中，碳链延长酶(elongases of very long-chain fatty acid, Elovl)和脂肪酸去饱和酶(fatty acid desaturases, Fads)分别通过延长碳链和引入双键，发挥着重要作用。本文综述了鱼类DHA合成途径及在各节点起关键作用的Elovl和Fads基因家族成员；探讨了这些基因的分工、功能的补偿和多样性；在启动子水平分析了转录因子对上述关键酶基因的不同调控模式及其对DHA合成的影响。本文旨为利用基因编辑或分子模块设计等技术开展养殖鱼类DHA合成能力的遗传改良和精准育种提供理论参考。
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Study on the habitat suitability of Miichthys miiuy along the coast of Zhejiang
shen jia rong, jiang ri jin, cui ming yuan, yin rui, zhang hong liang, li qi qun, zhang yu rong
Abstract:
鮸(Miichthys miiuy) 是浙江近海主要的经济鱼类之一，为了解浙江近海鮸栖息地分布与环境因子的关系，本研究根据2022年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2023年2月(冬季)在浙江近海开展的渔业资源调查数据和同步采集的环境数据，确定了浙江近海鮸的适宜性指数(suitability index, SI)，通过提升树回归模型(boosting regression tree, BRT)赋予各环境因子权重，利用算术平均法(arithmetic mean model, AMM)和几何平均法(geometric mean model, GMM)分别构建栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index, HSI)模型。结果表明：2022~2023年浙江近海鮸栖息地存在季节性差异。春夏两季，鮸最适栖息于底层盐度范围为26.4~32.1的近岸水域；秋季，鮸最适栖息地向离岸侧移动，最适栖息于20~40 m的近海岛礁水域；冬季，鮸最适栖息于底层温度为11.0~14.1 ℃的近海深水区。浙江近海鮸栖息地时空分布的差异主要受环境因子和鮸生活习性的影响。
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The mechanism of carbonate alkaline exposure on growth performance, biochemical indices and liver metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
YUAN Fangying, HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, WANG Jing, LI Dongping, WANG Peng, SUN Yanchun
Abstract:
为了探讨碳酸盐碱环境暴露对鲫(Carassius auratus)生长性能与生理代谢的影响机制, 实验设置淡水对照组(Con)、20 mmol/L NaHCO3暴露组(T)和40 mmol/L NaHCO3暴露组(F), 在24±1℃下室内暴露56 d后, 采用生长指标和生化检测方法, 结合UPLC-QTOF/MS非靶向代谢组学技术, 从生长性能、抗氧化能力和代谢物的变化等研究角度, 对鲫进行碳酸盐碱暴露下生长、氧化应激和代谢组学变化特征分析, 以期对碳酸盐碱环境暴露下鲫的生长适应性策略进行评估。研究结果显示, 鲫的增重率、生长率以及饲料转化率等生长参数, 与碳酸盐碱浓度呈现负相关趋势。与此同时, 随着碳酸盐碱浓度的增加, 不仅超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等抗氧化酶的活力显著增加, 血氨、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)等生化参数的含量也明显升高。代谢组学研究结果显示, 碳酸盐碱暴露下差异代谢物(DEMs)参与多种代谢途径, 包括精氨酸生物合成、不饱和脂肪酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂代谢和谷胱甘肽代谢等。综合上述研究结果, 我们发现, 在碳酸盐碱暴露下鲫肝靶器官中与生长发育、免疫防护、脂肪酸代谢相关的多条关键代谢通路发生紊乱, 造成鲫的氧化防御系统失衡, 引起肝组织损伤; 并且随着碳酸盐碱浓度的升高, 鲫的免疫防护能力进一步遭到破坏, 肝组织损伤呈加剧趋势, 这可能破坏了细胞膜的稳态, 导致细胞增殖活动受到限制, 进而严重阻碍了鲫正常的生长发育。本研究从生长指标和生化分析视角, 结合代谢组学研究, 阐明了碳酸盐碱环境对鲫生长性能及肝脏代谢的不良反应机制, 为盐碱水域中淡水硬骨鱼类的增养殖活动提供了科学依据。
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Study on chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton carbon sequestration capacity in marine ranching based on satellite remote sensing
Abstract:
海洋牧场基于生态学原理，通过投放人工鱼礁等工程设施，在适宜海域构建兼具环境保护、资源养护和渔业产出功能的生态系统，促进海洋生物增殖和栖息，是扩增渔业水域生态系统碳汇的有效途径。本文结合卫星遥感和原位采样，分析海洋牧场的叶绿素a（Chl-a）浓度及浮游植物固碳的时空变化，并运用广义可加模型（Generalized Additive Model, GAM）探讨环境因子对固碳强度的影响。结果显示，（1）遥感数据与原位数据的Chl-a浓度、海表温度（Sea surface temperature, SST）变化趋势基本一致；（2）海洋牧场建成后，Chl-a浓度在季节和空间上发生显著变化，呈现"M"型双峰结构（高峰分别为夏、秋季过渡期和冬、春季过渡期），整体浓度水平显著高于建成前及对照区；（3）固碳强度存在显著的时空分布差异，夏季（6月）出现高峰，整体水平同样显著高于对照区，海洋牧场全年总固碳量为1.85×10^6 kgC；（4）最优GAM模型中，pH、硅酸盐、溶解氧、盐度和纬度对固碳强度有显著影响。
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Study On The Sources Of Occurrence Floating S.horneri In The Coastal Waters Of Gouqi Island
zhuweidong, yangqifan, wanghuijie, miaohang, liufengyu, qinpengjie, biyuanxin
Abstract:
为探究枸杞岛近岸海域漂浮铜藻(Sargassum horneri)发生量及其来源，本研究以枸杞岛筏架定生和底栖铜藻为研究对象，根据定生铜藻生长、气囊形成时间及生物量变化规律，从源头上解析漂浮铜藻发生时间、生物量及漂浮路径。结果表明：(1)来源于筏架定生的漂浮铜藻形成时间比来源于底栖的漂浮铜藻早5—6个月，枸杞岛近岸海域约99.4 %的漂浮铜藻生物量来源于筏架定生铜藻，而底栖铜藻形成的漂浮铜藻生物量仅占0.6 %。(2)筏架定生铜藻脱离附着基后形成的漂浮铜藻株数约22×106 株，生物量约141938 t，经估算仅枸杞岛筏架定生来源的漂浮铜藻生物量约占东海区漂浮铜藻总量的23.4 %，来源于底栖铜藻占0.13 %。(3)结合我国不同区域定生铜藻生物量、漂浮铜藻出现时间、潮流及长江环锋影响铜藻漂浮路径等因素分析，我国漂浮铜藻可能有两条路径来源，北面来源为辽东半岛和山东附近海域，南面为长江河口以南区域。以上研究结果为解析枸杞岛近岸海域漂浮铜藻发生量来源及发生可能性上提供了参考，同时也为“金潮”溯源提供了一定依据。
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Optimization of anesthetic for safe transportation of juvenile Stichopus monotuberculatus and evaluation of anesthetic effect
Fenghaoran, Huanglianghua, Zhengbojun, Huangmaoning, Wujunhao, Xuqiang
Abstract:
花刺参（Stichopus monotuberculatus）因其对环境变化及人为刺激极为敏感，人工繁育的苗种在运输过程中有应激性强、死亡率高的问题，开发一种适宜的麻醉方法可减轻幼参在运输过程中的应激反应和死亡率。本研究比较了五种常见的渔用麻醉剂：丁香油、2-苯氧乙醇、硫酸镁、MS-222和氯化镁对花刺参幼参的麻醉效果。通过建立基于行为学指标的麻醉及恢复阶段评价方法，将整个麻醉过程分为轻度麻醉、中度麻醉、深度麻醉、轻度苏醒、中度苏醒和完全苏醒六个阶段。研究结果表明，丁香油、硫酸镁和氯化镁均能将花刺参幼参麻醉。其中，浓度0.2ml/L的丁香油对花刺参幼参的麻醉效果最好，0.02ml/L和0.04ml/L的浓度可提升花刺参幼参长时间运输的存活率。浓度0.5ml/L的丁香油对幼参的麻醉时间最短，为6.04±1.24min。应用浓度0.1mol/L的氯化镁麻醉剂，幼参进入深度麻醉时间最慢，为33.63±7.92min，而应用浓度0.25mol/L硫酸镁麻醉剂，幼参麻醉后达到完全苏醒时间最慢，为60.39±5.28min。高浓度的氯化镁和硫酸镁麻醉前后花刺参幼参体长无明显变化；MS-222和2-苯氧乙醇对花刺参幼参不具有麻醉作用。本文筛选出适宜花刺参幼参的麻醉剂为丁香油，浓度为0.02ml/L，可保证幼参60h长途运输后的有效恢复和高存活率，为花刺参苗种的长距离安全运输提供重要的技术保障。
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Characteristics of the cyp19a Gene and Functional Analysis in the Sexual Gland Development of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
xiaoxiaofang, lishengjie, liuqingshan, dujinxing, leicaixia, zhutao, tianjing, songhongmei
Abstract:
为探究cyp19a基因在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)性别分化和性腺发育过程中的表达模式和作用机制，本研究通过RACE技术克隆cyp19a基因全长cDNA序列，采用qRT-PCR技术检测cyp19a基因在草鱼发育不同时期性腺组织和成鱼各组织中的表达模式，合成cyp19a-dsRNA并对雌性草鱼进行RNA干扰实验，对照组注射等量生理盐水，检测性腺组织中性别相关基因的表达量和血清性类固醇激素含量。结果显示，草鱼cyp19a的cDNA序列全长为2268bp，其中开放阅读框(Open reading frame，ORF)长1554bp，5’非编码区(Untranslated region，UTR)48bp，3’UTR 617bp，编码517个氨基酸。草鱼cyp19a基因在性腺中表达量最高，其次是肌肉、脑和心脏组织。不同发育时期的性腺中，cyp19a在卵巢中的表达水平均显著高于精巢(P < 0.05)，且在4龄时达到峰值，表明该基因在草鱼卵巢的发育和成熟过程中起关键作用。按5μg/g注射 cyp19a-dsRNA沉默干扰后5天，dsRNA注射组cyp19a表达量与对照组雌鱼相比显著降低(P < 0.05)，靶基因沉默效率在1d时为59.72%，之后逐步上升。与对照组雌鱼相比，dsRNA注射组在1～3d时foxl2a和foxl2b表达量显著上调(P < 0.05)，dmrt1表达量下调(P > 0.05)，amh表达量显著下调(P < 0.05)，并在干扰后4～5d时foxl2a、foxl2b、dmrt1和amh的表达量逐步恢复至接近对照组水平(P > 0.05)；此外，注射组血清中雌二醇(estradilol，E2)含量相比对照组雌鱼显著下降(P < 0.05)，睾酮(testosterone，T)含量显著上升(P < 0.05)。综上，草鱼cyp19a可能通过负反馈调控foxl2a和foxl2b表达以此调节草鱼E2水平，正向调控dmrt1和amh表达量而调节其性类固醇激素含量，促进卵巢和卵细胞的分化、发育和成熟，研究结果为深入探索草鱼生殖调控机制奠定基础。
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Characterization of AGL gene expression in glycogenolysis of the Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea ariakensis
ZHAO Liyan, LI Zhuanzhuan, MA Peizhen, LIU Zhihong, SUN Xiujun, ZHOU Liqing, WU Biao
Abstract:
糖原是影响牡蛎品质的关键指标，而糖原脱支酶（AGL）在糖原分解过程中发挥重要作用。为明确AGL基因对近江牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）糖原代谢的影响，本研究在分析AGL基因序列特征和进化特点基础上，体外构建含有该基因的质粒并转化到HT115（DE3）大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）中，使其表达AGL基因的双链RNA（dsRNA），通过饲喂该菌株实现RNA干扰，并对干扰前后近江牡蛎AGL基因表达量和糖原含量的相关性进行了研究。结果表明，AGL基因编码区序列长度为4719 bp，编码1572个氨基酸，含4个结构域，预测蛋白分子量为178.23 kDa，理论等电点为6.21，基因进化关系与物种传统分类关系一致；RNA干扰15 d和30 d，与对照组（饲喂含EGFP dsRNA的大肠杆菌）相比，实验组（饲喂含AGL dsRNA的大肠杆菌）牡蛎的AGL基因表达量均显著降低（P < 0.05），糖原含量显著升高（P < 0.05），干扰AGL基因能够显著影响到糖原水平的变化；干扰30 d，实验组和对照组牡蛎AGL表达量比干扰15 d时均显著增加（P < 0.05），糖原含量显著降低（P < 0.05），这可能是由于此时期性腺发育需要消耗糖原所致；同时，进一步的相关性分析结果表明AGL基因表达量与糖原含量呈显著负相关关系（P < 0.05）。本研究明确了近江牡蛎AGL基因序列结构特征以及其表达量与糖原含量的相关性，丰富了AGL基因功能研究的科学数据，为深入研究牡蛎糖原代谢的分子机制提供了参考。
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The research on the response of hemolymphocytes to nucleus-inserting stimulation and biomineralization function of Hyriopsis cumingii
SUN Junlin, CHEN Yiwen, CHEN Xiaofeng, LI Jiale, BAI Zhiyi, LI Wenjuan
Abstract:
为深入研究淡水珍珠贝三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)插核刺激对血淋巴细胞的影响及其在珍珠矿化中的功能，本研究通过光学和电子显微镜，探讨了三角帆蚌血淋巴细胞的形态和分类，根据细胞复杂性、细胞大小、核质比将其分为4种类型。通过吉姆萨染色和流式细胞术分析发现，插核刺激后血淋巴细胞的颗粒复杂度增加，细胞直径变大，颗粒细胞比例显著升高(P＜0.05)，透明细胞比例显著降低(P＜0.05)，同时通过组织切片观察，插核部位附近有大量血淋巴细胞聚集且颗粒细胞在插核部位被招募。血淋巴细胞和血清中的Ca2+含量在插核后2 d、5 d和10 d显著上升(P＜0.05)，20 d和50 d显著下降(P＜0.05)，揭示了血淋巴细胞在数量组成、分布和Ca2+水平上均响应插核育珠过程。通过体外碳酸钙结晶实验表明血淋巴细胞和血清能够影响方解石的形貌，但未改变晶体晶型。综上所述，血淋巴细胞对三角帆蚌插核刺激有迅速响应且对生物矿化过程有调控作用，本研究为进一步探究血淋巴细胞在贝类生物矿化中的调控作用奠定了理论基础。
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Study on artificial propagation and early development of Garra mirofronits
wangyuesong, yangyang, ganxing, yinhuazheng, pengli, zhangzhiwei, chengrui, chenfeng, shishaolong, mashu, zhangzhiming
Abstract:
为研究奇额墨头鱼的早期发育时序特征，丰富其繁殖生物学、发育生物学研究资料，为人工繁育和苗种规模化生产提供技术支撑。利用野外采集的奇额墨头鱼(Garra mirofronits)性成熟个体，通过人工催产及干法授精获得其受精卵，详细观察并记录其早期发育过程。共开展3次人工繁殖实验，平均催产率为100 %、受精率(89.93±0.72) %、孵化率(87.83±1.00) %。受精卵呈浅灰色，卵膜薄而透明，无黏性，卵径(1.12±0.04) mm，吸水膨胀后卵膜径达(3.37±0.09) mm，膨胀系数300.89%。水温18~21 ℃下，经24~26 h孵化出膜，孵化积温为496.04 ℃·h，历经受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、心脏搏动期和出膜期等9个时期。初孵仔鱼全长为(4.50±0.07) mm，肌节32对，卵黄囊仔鱼期历时5 d，全长特定生长率为9.22 %·d?1; 仔鱼期共历时16 d，全长特定生长率为7.02 %·d?1。奇额墨头鱼早期发育时序特征遵循硬骨鱼类发育的基本规律，符合漂流性卵胚胎发育的一般特点，为典型产漂流性卵鱼类。
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Analysis of genetic diversity and selection characteristics based on WGS technology in cultured Topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) population
Huali Zhao, Di-an Fang, Tianyou Li, Jia Yuan, Baoxing Liu, Dongpo Xu
Abstract:
为评估养殖群体翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）的遗传多样性水平，探究其遗传特征及群体间的遗传差异，本研究利用全基因组重测序（Whole genome resequencing, WGS）技术，对来自浙江太湖（TH）、广东清远（QY）和江苏扬州（YZ）的三个养殖群体进行了深入分析。总共鉴定出23,156,699个SNPs和5,838,147个Indels位点，SNP变异位点主要位于基因间区域（47.21%）和内含子区域（39.37%）。三个群体的SNP标记均显示为低度多态性（PIC值<0.25）。太湖、清远、扬州三个群体平均近交系数分别为0.1923、0.0631和 -0.0280。群体结构分析表明，太湖群体形成了独特聚类，而清远和扬州群体在遗传上则受到了多个祖先群体的影响。连锁不平衡衰减图（LD decay）显示太湖群体的衰减距离最大，衰减速度最慢。遗传分化指数（Fst）和基因流（Nm）均表明太湖群体与其他群体间存在明显分化。通过基于遗传分化系数 （Fst）和核苷酸多样性（π）的选择性扫描分析，以清远和扬州群体为参考群体，在太湖群体中分别鉴定到了572个和602个选择性基因，涉及能量代谢、氧化应激和炎症反应等生物过程，最多选择的区域位于chr 3和chr 7上。综上所述，三个翘嘴鲌养殖群体的遗传多样性水平均较低，其中太湖群体的遗传多样性最低，受到较强的人工选择和近亲繁殖影响，而清远群体与扬州群体则显示出频繁的基因交流，可能存在着种质混杂现象。本研究可为翘嘴鲌养殖群体的育种选育及种质资源的保护和管理提供基础数据支撑。
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Mechanisms of α-Ketoglutarate's Effect on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Gut Microbiota in Carassius auratus Exposed to Carbonate-Alkaline Stress
HAN Lin, LIU Wenzhi, YUAN Fangying, ZHAO Yan, SUN Yanchun
Abstract:
为探究碳酸盐碱暴露下α-酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate, AKG)对鲫抗氧化酶、消化酶活性和肠道菌群的调控机制, 本研究结合生化分析与16S rRNA测序技术, 设计了5个实验组: 淡水组(C组)、两种盐碱暴露组(20 mmol/L NaHCO3, T组; 40 mmol/L NaHCO3, F组), 以及两种AKG调控组(20 mmol/L NaHCO3, TA组; 40 mmol/L NaHCO3, FA组)。研究结果表明, 随着碳酸盐碱浓度的增加, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著降低, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。此外, 鲫肠道的消化酶(淀粉酶AMS、胰蛋白酶CHY、脂肪酶LPS)活性亦出现不同程度的下降。外源补充AKG后, 鲫肠道的抗氧化酶和消化酶活性得到了显著恢复, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低。与C组相比, T组和F组的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度显著增加, 而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度显著下降; T组和F组的优势菌属分别为鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanellaceae)。然而, 在AKG调控组(TA组和FA组)中, 变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度大幅下降, 厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度上升, TA组的优势菌属转为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus), 而FA组的优势菌属仍然为希瓦氏菌属(Shewanellaceae)。综上所述, 本研究发现碳酸盐碱暴露导致了鲫肠道氧化应激反应, 并削弱了肠道菌群中有益菌的丰度。补充AKG能够通过增强抗氧化酶和消化酶活性、调节肠道有益菌群的组成, 有效缓解了碳酸盐型盐碱生境对鲫的毒性作用。本研究为精准调控营养功能饲料的创制和提高盐碱水资源的利用效率提供了新的理论依据和实践思路。
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Path analysis of the effects of morphological traits on body weight of different genders of Diptychus maculatus in Muzhati River
haohuimin, wangbo, zhanglirong, wangzhengwei, liyanhui, niezhulan
Abstract:
为探究木扎提河不同性别斑重唇鱼形态性状对体重的影响，以123尾雌鱼和124尾雄鱼为研究对象，分别测定体重、12个传统形态性状及21个框架形态性状，通过相关性分析、回归分析及通径分析研究形态性状对体重的影响。结果表明：（1）斑重唇鱼雌雄各形态性状与体重之间均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），其中雌性个体的全长（X1）和体长（X2）与体重相关系数最大，均为0.930，雄性个体的吻端到腹鳍基部起点的距离（X24）与体重的相关系数最大，为0.939；（2）斑重唇鱼雌雄形态性状与体重的回归方程：Y雌= -34.488+0.128X1+0.562X4+0.145X2+0.241X27-0.231X34+0.579X3 （R2=0.929），Y雄= -18.753+0.139X24+0.337X3+0.143X23+0.218X31+0.212X28+0.321X8+0.096X29 （R2=0.945），式中X1~X4分别为全长、体长、体宽、体高，X8为眼间距，X23为吻端到背鳍起点的距离，X27~X29分别为背鳍起点到胸鳍起点、腹鳍起点和臀鳍起点的距离，X31为背鳍基部末端到腹鳍起点的距离、X34为尾鳍背部起点到臀鳍起点的距离；（3）通径分析表明，对雌鱼体重直接作用最大的是全长，其次是体长，通径系数分别是0.313和0.299；对雄鱼体重直接作用最大的是X24，其次是X23，通径系数分别是0.236和0.226。该研究充实了斑重唇鱼形态学相关数据，为其后期选育工作提供基础理论依据。
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Characteristics and influencing factors of CH4 and NO2 emissions from pond culture and rice-crab co-culture models of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
xuke, xiaolin, sunyunfei, chengyongxu
Abstract:
为研究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)池塘养殖与稻蟹共作两种模式下水-气界面温室气体的排放特征及其影响因素,本实验使用静态箱-气相色谱仪法分别测定两种养殖模式下的温室气体排放通量,同时采集两种养殖模式下相关环境因子,并进行对比分析。结果表明,稻蟹共作模式N2O排放通量是池塘养殖的2.8倍,波动范围为34.94~126.90 μg.m-2.h-1,平均值为85.41±5.78 μg.m-2.h-1,CH4排放通量是池塘养殖的1.19倍,波动范围为1.32~39.50 mg.m-2.h-1,平均值为13.69±1.42 mg.m-2.h-1。池塘养殖和稻蟹共作的全球增温潜势分别为10.73±1.16 t.hm-2和13.07±1.62 t.hm-2,两种模式的排放高峰期均出现在8月高温期。多元逐步回归表明,池塘养殖模式CH4的排放量主要受水温和总氮 TN 的影响,N2O排放量则主要受到硝态氮 NO3--N 的影响；稻蟹共作模式CH4排放量主要受到总磷 TP 含量的影响,而N2O排放量则主要受到溶解氧 DO 和水温的影响。本研究为中华绒螯蟹不同养殖模式下温室气体的排放提供一定数据支持,同时为稻蟹共作养殖模式的推广示范提供了一定的理论依据。
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Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia
YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming
Abstract:
本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。
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Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng
Abstract:
本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。
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1.3 RT-qPCR
zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei
Abstract:
毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。
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Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles
WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli
Abstract:
本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。
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Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay
Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang
Abstract:
通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。
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Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis
Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei
Abstract:
为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。
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