Volume 30,2023 Issue 12

研究论文

• Reappearance of anadromous Coilia nasus in the Xiangjiang River, Hunan Province

  JIANG Tao, LI Hong, YANG Jian, CHEN Xiubao, XUE Junren, LIU Hongbo

  2023,30(12):1409-1416, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0307

  Abstract: (94) HTML (91) PDF (4.15 M)(279)

  Abstract:

  With the implementation of the 10-year Fishing Ban policy, the abundance of anadromous Coilia nasus has dramatically increased in the Changjiang River and the species has been redistributed to some traditional habitats. The Xiangjiang River is one of the main distribution waters of C. nasus in the Dongting Lake catchment. However, no anadromous C. nasus has been found in this river for several decades. To verify the distribution of anadromous C. nasus in this river after the Fishing Ban, microchemical analysis of otoliths was performed on a specimen collected from the Xiangying section of the Xiangjiang River on June 13, 2023. The results showed that the strontium-calcium ratio of otoliths of this individual could be divided into five stages, including S_I (1.37±0.60), S_III (2.80±0.16), and S_V (2.47±0.62) stages corresponding to freshwater habitats, while S_II (5.50±1.10) and S_IV (4.52±0.94) stages corresponded to estuarine water. In addition, some parts of the Sr/Ca ratios were greater than 7 in the S_II stage, indicating that it had once entered marine water. The corresponding Sr-content mapping analysis results also show blue, yellow-green, blue, yellow-green, and blue characteristics from the core to the edge of the water. All the aforementioned results reflect the characteristics of a typical anadromous C. nasus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to confirm the distribution of anadromous C. nasus in the Xiangjiang River in the upper reaches of Dongting Lake by otolith microchemistry. This finding demonstrates the effect of the Fishing Ban policy in that anadromous C. nasus could migrate back to the Xiangjiang River through the Changjiang River and Dongting Lake from the sea. To continuously protect the migratory resources in Dongting Lake and its tributaries, as well as the stable effect of the Changjiang 10-year Fishing Ban policy, it is important not only to investigate the distribution of anadromous stocks and their key habitats in Dongting Lake and its tributaries but also to carry out urgent protection of the refunctioned key habitats.

• Genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of introduced clearhead icefish (Protosalanx chinensis) populations using microsatellite markers

  ZHENG Yi, LU Cuiyun, ZHENG Xianhu, NA Rongbin, TANG Fujiang

  2023,30(12):1417-1428, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0250

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  This study aimed to investigate the genetic structure and variability within the clearhead icefish (Protosalanx chinensis) population by developing 18 microsatellite (simple repeat sequence, SSR) primers for population genetic analyses. In total, 281 samples of P. chinensis were collected from four water systems and eight water bodies since 2016. The results were as follows: 172 alleles were detected, with an average of 9.6 alleles (N_a) ranging from 3 to 24; the number of effective alleles (N_e) ranged from 1.039 to 4.595, with an average of 2.384; the expected heterozygosity (H_e) ranged from 0.035 to 0.804, with an average value of 0.507; and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.034 to 0.775, with an average of 0.469. Notably, 10 of these loci exhibited high polymorphism with PIC values exceeding 0.5. Regarding population-level statistics, the average allele number (N_a) of the eight water populations was 3.389–5.389 and the average value was 4.375. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.373–0.479, with an average value of 0.419. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed that 84.54% of the total variation in P. chinensis came from within populations and 15.46% from genetic variation among populations. Additionally, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on eight geographic populations of P. chinensis, and all individuals were divided into three subgroups. Nei's genetic distance was employed to construct a UPGMA cluster tree, which classified the eight water bodies into two major branches. Among these, the five water groups of Lianhuan Lake displayed considerable diversity, with Nashidai (NS) and Talahong (TL) forming clusters that subsequently merged with Erbaguzi (EB). Similarly, Dalonghu (DL) and Amuta (AM) grouped, indicating that these five water bodies constituted independent entities within the Lianhuan Lake. Moreover, Xingkai Lake (XK) and Xinlicheng Reservoir (XLC) were grouped, followed by their combination with Taihu Lake (TH) as another unit. Research has shown that the northern population of P. chinensis maintains a high level of genetic diversity and exhibits significant genetic differentiation from populations in different water bodies. To safeguard and preserve population diversity, it is imperative to recognize and protect the distinct statuses of both the southern and northern water system populations. In particular, the preservation of Lianhuan Lake, which serves as the primary source of P. chinensis, is of paramount importance.

• The effects of water temperature on growth, antioxidant enzyme and immune enzyme activities of juvenile sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra

  LI Zhiqiao, LIU Xujia, JIANG Fajun, LIU Jing, ZHONG Shengping, HU Chaoqun

  2023,30(12):1429-1444, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0244

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  This study was conducted to find out the effects of water temperature on the growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra. We cultivated healthy individuals with an average body weight of (1.70±0.24 g) at three temperatures: low temperature at 23 ℃, control at 28 ℃, and high temperature at 33°C in temperature-controlled tanks for 30 d. The specific growth rate of H. scabra juveniles was measured every 10 d. Juvenile H. scabra body walls, coelomic fluid, intestines, and respiratory trees were collected to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results showed that: (1) The SGR_0-30 of the control group was significantly higher than that of the high-temperature and low-temperature groups (P＜0.05), and the high-temperature group exhibited a significantly higher value than that of the low-temperature group (P＜0.05), indicating that long-term low temperature had a greater impact on juveniles than long-term high temperature. (2) In the low-temperature group, SOD, AKP, and LZM activity and MDA content in the coelomic fluid were not significantly different from those in the control group at 0 d, and SOD, CAT, and AKP activity were significantly higher than those in the control group at 30 d (P＜0.05). SOD, CAT, and LZM activity, and MDA content in the body wall were not significantly different from those in the control group at day 0; however, SOD, CAT activity, and MDA content were significantly higher than those in the control group at day 30 (P＜0.05). All enzyme activities in the intestine were significantly higher than those in the control group at 0 d (P＜0.05), except for MDA content. Then, only MDA content was significantly higher that of the control group at 30 d (P＜0.05). All indicators in the respiratory tree were significantly higher than those in the control group at 0 and 30 d (P＜0.05). The results showed that the coelomic fluid and body wall of juvenile H. scabra needed to cope with oxidative stress caused by prolonged low temperatures, while the intestine had to deal with oxidative stress from short-term low temperatures, and the respiratory tree had to adapt to oxidative stress from both short-term and prolonged low temperatures. (3) In the high-temperature group, SOD, CAT, and AKP activity and MDA content in the coelomic fluid and body wall were significantly higher than those in the control group at 0 d (P＜0.05). No indicators showed significant differences from those in the control group at 30 d. CAT activity in the intestine was significantly higher than those in the control group on day 0 (P＜0.05), and all indicators were significantly higher than those in the control group on day 30 (P＜0.05). All indicators in the respiratory tree were significantly higher than those in the control group at 0 and 30 d (P＜0.05); CAT content and MDA content were significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). This suggests that the coelomic fluid and body wall primarily faced oxidative stress from short-term exposure to high temperatures, whereas the intestine and respiratory tree had to deal with both short-term and prolonged high-temperature stresses. (4) Antioxidant and immune enzyme activities in the four tissues of juvenile sea cucumbers were negatively correlated with SGR, indicating that the increase in antioxidant and immune enzyme activities conflicted with rapid growth, resulting in a significant decrease in SGR. In conclusion, both prolonged low and high temperatures generated oxidative stress in juvenile H. scabra, and juvenile H. scabra had greater adaptability to high temperatures.

• Retinal structure and opsin expression characteristics of the second filial generation and wild population of Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li, 1966

  GUO Xingchen, WANG Yizhou, ZHANG Lin, SONG Rongqun, XIONG Dongmei, LI Zhigang, JIANG Haibo, AN Miao, SHAO Jian

  2023,30(12):1445-1456, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0290

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  Brachymystax tsinlingensis (Li 1966) is a landlocked Salmonidae fish endemic to China. Based on long-term artificial breeding and resource conservation studies, it was found that B. tsinlingensis has obvious photophobic behavior and light-sensitive characteristics. To further understand the visual characteristics of B. tsinlingensis in different habitats, this study studied the second filial generation population (SFGP) [body weight: (51.50±10.86) g, body length: (15.40±0.75) g] and wild population (WP) [weight: (85.68±31.81) g, body length: (18.17±2.34) cm] of B. tsinlingensis under artificial breeding and natural environment. Traditional histological methods have been used to study the structural characteristics of the retina, and fluorescence quantitative PCR technology has been used to identify five key opsin genes that play a crucial role in visual formation: rhodopsin (RH1), rhodopsin-like pigments (RH2), short wavelength-sensitive pigments (SWS1), SWS1-like pigments (SWS2), and long wavelength-sensitive pigments (LWS). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the retina between SFGP and WP. The number of cones (C.) and outer nuclear layer (O.N.) in the retina of SFGP was significantly higher than that of WP (P＜0.01), and the number of ganglion cells (G.) was significantly higher than that of WP (P＜0.05). The relative expression level of RH1 in WP was significantly lower than that in SFGP (P＜0.01), and RH1 had the highest expression level among the five opsin genes in both populations. In cone opsin genes RH2, SWS1, SWS2, and LWS were significantly different; no significant difference in relative expression of RH2 was observed. The transcription levels of SWS1, SWS2, and LWS genes were significantly higher than those of WP (P＜0.01). The expression ratio of cone opsins in the SFGP was LWS＞SWS1＞SWS2＞RH2 from high to low, whereas that in the WP was LWS＞SWS2＞RH2＞SWS1. The expression of LWS was dominant in both populations, accounting for more than 60% of total expression. Five opsin mRNA were specifically expressed in the retinas of the two populations. This study indicated that both the SFGP and WP of B. tsinlingensis have strong photosensitive characteristics that can regulate the expression profile of opsin genes to trigger spectral sensitivity changes to cope with different habitats, and the performance characteristics of the SFGP are more significant. The exhibited photophobic behavior may be an adaptive strategy for different environments, and photosensitivity indicates that behavior depends largely on visual communication. The results of the present study provide a vital reference for the proliferation and maintenance of B. tsinlingensis.

• Effect of fasting on the swimming exercise ability of eight juvenile species

  LIN Xiaoju, YU Lixiong, WU Chijie, WANG Min, TIAN Huiwu, WANG Ke, LIU Mingdian, DUAN Xinbin

  2023,30(12):1457-1467, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0304

  Abstract: (65) HTML (73) PDF (1.55 M)(274)

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  This study was conducted to explore the swimming ability of different species of juveniles under fasting stress. Herring (Mylopharyngodon piceus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead (Aristichthys nobilis), crucian carp (Carassius auratus), long loach (Leptobotia elongata), loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), and Taiwan loach (Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp.) were studied. The induced flow rate (U_ind), critical swimming speed (U_crit), and burst swimming speed (U_burst) were determined for different periods of fasting (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 d). For all the eight fish species, the following result is obtained: induced flow speed ＜ critical swimming speed ＜ burst swimming speed. The variation in the average induction flow rate ranges from (6.12–12.78) cm/s. Meanwhile, the induction flow rate of grass carp, silver carp, and bighead is close to and sensitive to the flow rate, and the induction flow rate is 4.75–7.75 cm/s. The swimming speeds of the eight fish species were significantly different (P＜0.05). Among the eight experimental fish, the critical swimming velocity and burst velocity were the highest for herring (121.65±3.19 cm/s, 143.48±5.77 cm/s), which were followed by that of long loach (85.08±3.23 cm/s, and 132.68±8.52 cm/s). The critical swimming velocity and burst swimming velocity of the Taiwanese loach were slower, which were (19.28±1.90) cm/s and (31.53±2.14) cm/s, respectively. The effect of fasting on the induced flow rate was not significant (P＞0.05); however, the critical swimming speed and burst swimming speed decreased linearly with fasting time, and the decrease in critical swimming speed was more significant than that in the burst swimming speed (P＜0.05). At 0 d and 2 d, the critical and burst speeds were significant (P＞0.05); at 5 d; after 5 d, the critical and burst speeds decreased by 13% to 51% and 9% to 39%, respectively. After 10 d of fasting, critical and burst swimming speeds decreased by 29%–70% and 20%–55%, respectively, with the most significant reduction in swimming speed during 10d fasting. Therefore, 10 d is a critical period that affects the swimming ability of fish. Fasting had no significant effect on the induced flow rate of juveniles; however, the critical swimming speed and burst swimming speed were significantly affected by the fasting time and a longer decrease in swimming ability. Moreover, the difference between critical and burst swimming speeds may stem from differences in energy expenditure between the different swimming modes.

• Study on the food sources of bottom-sowing cultured Cyclina sinesis and Anadara broughtonii in Sanggou Bay

  LI Bing, ZHANG Jihong, WU Wenguang, LIU Yi, WANG Xinmeng, KANG Qinzi, CHEN Duyu, GONG Xue, XU Hao

  2023,30(12):1468-1478, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0326

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  Cyclina sinensis and Anadara broughtonii are economically important bottom-sowing farming shellfish in China. Understanding their food sources can help quantify the interaction between shellfish and shallow sea aquaculture ecosystems and provide data support for the construction and screening of suitable bottom-sowing shellfish varieties for shallow sea comprehensive aquaculture models. In the present study, stable isotope and high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to determine the food composition characteristics of C. sinensis and A. broughtonii cultured in bottom sowings, and the differences and influencing factors of the food sources of the two shellfish were analyzed. Samples were collected from the bivalve culture area (BA) and bivalve kelp polyculture area (BKA) in Sanggou Bay in September 2021. The results showed the following: (1) The food sources of C. sinensis and A. broughtonii include phytoplankton, zooplankton, kelp detritus, shellfish biodeposition, seagrass detritus, C₄ plants, and terrestrial sediments. Among them, phytoplankton were the main food source of C. sinensis and A. broughtonii (accounting for 40.4%–79.6%). Zooplankton are the second food source and the contribution rate of zooplankton to A. broughtonii (35.6%–37.3%) was significantly higher than that of C. sinensis (13.3%–15.9%). There were regional differences in the contribution rates of shellfish biodeposition and kelp detritus to the food of C. sinensis and A. broughtonii. The contribution rates of shellfish biodeposition to C. sinensis and A. broughtonii in the BA were 2.0% and 7.4%, respectively. The contributions of shellfish biodeposition to C. sinensis and A. broughtonii in the BKA were 5.1% and 4.3%, respectively. The contribution rates of kelp detritus to C. sinensis and A. broughtonii in BA were 0.7% and 2.9%, respectively, and those to C. sinensis and A. broughtonii in BKA were 3.4% and 2.1%, respectively. (2) The main component in the stomach contents of C. sinensis was chlorophyta (the proportion reached 56.55%), followed by streptophyta (44.35%); the main component in the stomach contents of A. broughtonii was chlorophyta (47.27%), followed by chordata (30.3%). This was closely related to the feeding mechanisms of the two shellfish species and their physiological structures. The feeding mechanism of filter-feeding shellfish includes active and passive mechanisms, both of which are related to feeding organs. However, C. sinensis have water pipes that extend their feet and pipes before they are exposed, relying on the inlet and outlet pipes for feeding and excretion. A. broughtonii does not have water pipes and is selectively fed through gill filaments. There were also differences in the gill structures of the two shellfish. Different physiological structures lead to differences in feeding behavior between two shellfish species in the same culture area. The eukaryotic composition of the stomach contents of the two shellfish species was predominantly phytoplankton and came mainly from the bottom seawater; this was in agreement with the stable isotope results. (3) In BA and BKA, the contribution of organic matter (biodeposition and kelp detritus) produced by the raft culture to A. broughtonii was higher than that to C. sinensis. The contribution of kelp detritus to C. sinensis in BA was higher than that to A. broughtonii. From the perspective of food source structure, both A. broughtonii and C. sinensis can be used as bottom-sown shellfish in the comprehensive aquaculture area of Sanggou Bay, and C. sinensis is more suitable for bottom sowing in areas with algal cultures.

• Species and functional diversity of fish communities in an artificial reef area of the Pipa Island sea, Shandong

  HE Qian, LIU Shude, TANG Yanli, DONG Xiuqiang, ZHAO Wei, FENG Jie, YU Mengjie

  2023,30(12):1479-1495, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0195

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  The diversity of fish communities in artificial reefs has attracted considerable interest. Previous studies have primarily focused on species-level assessments, often overlooking variations in functional traits across species, including morphology, physiology, and reproduction. To deepen our understanding of community differences and aid in fish resource conservation, this study examined species diversity indices and functional diversity indices encompassing 12 functional traits. We analyzed data from four seasonal surveys of fishery resources and environmental variables conducted between July 2020 and April 2021 in the Fuhan National Sea Ranch Demonstration Area. Our study explored the spatial and temporal variations in fish community diversity and their correlation with environmental factors. We found significant seasonal changes in both species and functional diversity indices in the artificial reef area, whereas only functional diversity indices varied in the control area. Additionally, we observed marked spatial changes in the Pielou evenness, Simpson diversity, functional evenness, and functional dispersion indices. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that functional richness was significantly correlated with the number of species and Margalef richness index, whereas functional evenness was significantly associated with the number of species and Pielou evenness index. The community-weighted mean (CWM) index illustrates spatial and temporal shifts in the dominance of specific traits within fish communities. Redundancy analysis indicated that transparency and inorganic nitrogen were significant drivers of species diversity indices, whereas pH, inorganic nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, and transparency substantially influenced the functional diversity indices. Thus, our study highlights the complementary roles of traditional species diversity and functional diversity indices in characterizing the intricacies of fish community dynamics. Our findings suggest that the spatial and temporal patterns of fish community diversity are largely shaped by fish migration, habitat complexity, and seasonal variability in environmental factors.

• Behavioral response of juvenile Acanthopagrus latus to artificial reef models with different opening shapes and diameters

  JIANG Manju, GUO Yu, QIN Chuanxin, PAN Wanni, YU Gang, MA Zhenhua

  2023,30(12):1496-1506, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0236

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  To analyze the reef-tending behavior and spatial distribution of rocky reef fishes under different aperture shapes and sizes, the behavioral effects of artificial reefs with different aperture shapes (diamond, circle, square) and sizes (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 cm) on juvenile Acanthopagrus latus were observed and analyzed. LoliTtrack Version 5 was used to analyze the mean velocity, mean acceleration, mean turning speed, percentage of activity time, and mean distribution coordinate position of juvenile A. latus. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the mean distribution rate of juvenile A. latus in the reef area after being placed in the artificial reef, and the juveniles had the highest mean distribution rate at (27.32±4.93)% in the artificial reef area in the diamond opening experimental group, followed by the square and circular opening experimental groups, which had rates of (25.48±3.41)% and (19.83±5.59)%, respectively. In addition, the highest mean distribution rate of A. latus juveniles in Zone VI was found in the experimental group with 7.50 cm openings at (29.18±4.75)%; the second highest mean distribution rate in Zone VI was found in the experimental groups with 2.50 cm and 5.00 cm openings at (23.45±3.86)% and (23.04±5.51)%, respectively; and the lowest mean distribution rate was found in the group with 10.00 cm openings at (21.17±4.93)%; followed by square and round openings at (25.48±3.41)% and (19.83±5.59)%, respectively. was the lowest with (21.17±5.14)%. In terms of locomotor ability, the mean speed, mean acceleration and percentage of activity time of juvenile A. latus showed highly significant differences between the experimental group of the artificial reef model and the blank control group, with the mean speed increasing from (1.12±0.34) m/s in the blank control group to (1.53±0.64) m/s; mean acceleration increasing from (29.54±9.51) m/s in the control group to (40.47±17.53) m/s; and percentage of active time increasing from (77.13±12.66)% in the blank control group to (83.36±12.40)%. The mean speed, mean acceleration, mean turning speed, and percentage of activity time of juvenile A. latus differed significantly among the reef model treatment groups. The lowest mean velocity, mean acceleration, and percentage of active time were (0.81±0.31) m/s, (20.85±8.38) m/s² , and (67.44±17.45)%, respectively, for the reef model with a diamond-shaped opening and 7.5 cm opening size, which was the least active; whereas the highest mean turning speed was found in (56.79±22.80) deg/s. No significant difference was found in the mean distribution coordinate positions. The study showed that after adding the artificial reef model, the A. latus larvae had the greatest mean distribution rate as well as the lowest degree of activity for the reef model with a diamond-shaped opening and an opening size of 7.50 cm and that this artificial reef model was the most effective in attracting A. latus larvae. This preliminary study investigated changes in the reefing behavior of juvenile A. latus on different types of reefs. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the selection and design of species-specific proliferating artificial reefs.

• Changes in fish body length in the Yangtze River and its indicative effect on resource recovery

  ZHANG Yingyu, DONG Fang, FANG Kang, WAN Chaoyang, LIU Huangxin, Gai Shuaishuai, WU Jinming, DU Hao, ZHANG Man, ZHANG Hui

  2023,30(12):1507-1519, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0243

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  To scientifically implement conservation actions (ten-year fishing ban) on fish biodiversity in the Yangtze River, it is necessary to understand the dynamic changes in fish resources. Through a combination of literature review and field surveys, this study conducted a quantitative analysis of the changes in body length of representative Yangtze River fish since the 1980s and explored the indicative role of these changes in resource recovery. The research results showed that: 1) analysis of body length changes in seven typical fish species in the Yichang River section over the past 10 to 40 years revealed these changes are closely related to biological characteristics; high resource base values, wide-ranging feeding habits, low age of sexual maturity, and strong fecundity were associated with greater increase in body length after the fishing ban; 2) analysis of the body length of fish communities in the four waters of the Yichang reach, Jinsha River, Chishui River, and Dongting Lake over the past 20 to 40 years shows that changes can be roughly divided into three stages: decline, fluctuating increase, and obvious increase. This corresponds well with the progress of the fishing ban. 3) The average body length of Coreius heterodon and dominant fish communities in the Yichang River section is positively correlated with the catch per unit fishing effort (correlation coefficients are 0.66 and 0.88 respectively), indicating that the fish body length is closely related to resource abundance. 4) The analysis and prediction of the body length of the fish community in the Yichang River section based on the logistic curve showed that the value would reach 1.22 by 2030, which is close to the characteristic value in the 1980s. This suggests that fish resources in the river section can be restored to the resource levels of the 1980s by 2030. This study found that changes in fish body length in natural waters are closely related to the health status of populations and communities and have a positive effect on resource abundance and changes. The body length of fish can be used as an important reference indicator for routine monitoring of fish resources in the Yangtze River.

• Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates community structure and diversity in the Motuo reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Tibet

  ZHANG Zepeng, JIN Hongyu, LI Lei, LU Wanqiao, LI Shenhui, WANG Haipeng

  2023,30(12):1520-1529, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0253

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  The Yarlung Zangbo River is the largest river on the Tibetan Plateau in China. It nurtures a variety of endemic, rare, and valuable species and is a key area for global biodiversity research. However, in recent years, other natural disasters, such as mudslides within the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon (above the Motuo reach), have led to a serious decline in fishery resources in the mainstream. Benthic macroinvertebrates are an important component of river ecosystems; however, their biodiversity has not been investigated properly, and most studies are clearly inadequate at the spatial and temporal scales. To characterize the benthic macroinvertebrate community structure of the Motuo reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon in Tibet, the species composition in the Motuo reach and its affiliated tributaries were investigated in October-November 2022 (autumn) and April-May 2023 (spring), and the spatial and temporal distributions of their community structure and diversity were analyzed. The results showed that 52 species of benthic macroinvertebrates, belonging to 3 phyla, 3 classes, 10 orders, and 30 families, were collected in spring and autumn. Compared with the results of a previous study, the number of benthic macroinvertebrate species was greatly reduced. Among these, aquatic insects are dominant (50 species). In addition, the dominant species in spring were Baetis sp.1 and Lepidostoma sp., whereas Baetis sp.1 and Potamyia sp. were dominant in autumn. The macrobenthic community composition differed somewhat between spring and autumn (P＜0.001). The total average abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in the basin was 6.67 ind/m² and the total average biomass was 0.04 g/m² in autumn. Meanwhile, the total average abundance in spring was higher than that in autumn (at 8.71 ind/m² ), and the total average biomass was 0.04 g/m² . Macrobenthic biodiversity showed some differences in both the main streams and tributaries during the different seasons (P＜0.01), which may be related to water quantity and habitat stability. Natural disasters, such as mudslides, are the most significant cause of such consequences. Compared with published data (2015‒2016) and combined with the current status of water environmental factors, the dominant species of macrobenthos have significantly changed, and the total abundance and biomass of species have significantly decreased, indicating that the habitat of aquatic organisms was disturbed after the disaster. The results of this study help map the current status of benthic macroinvertebrate resources in the Motuo reach of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Tibet after the 2017 mudslide and provide a reference basis for biodiversity conservation in plateau regions. However, it is necessary to conduct correlation analyses in conjunction with several environmental factors to identify the key factors influencing differences in the macrobenthic community structure in subsequent studies.

• Fish diversity in the Dongping Lake based on environmental DNA techniques

  TONG Yadong, KUANG Zhen, LIU Pengfei, LIANG Yidong, FAN Yingchun, XU Dongpo

  2023,30(12):1530-1542, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0265

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  Dongping Lake, located downstream of the Yellow River, serves as a crucial flood storage reservoir and is the final reservoir of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. To explore the current status of fish diversity and community characteristics in Dongping Lake, this study employed environmental DNA (eDNA) technology and compared the results with traditional net fishing surveys. This study elucidates the diversity of the fish community in Dongping Lake and discusses the feasibility of long-term monitoring using eDNA technology. The results revealed that the eDNA technology detected 23 species belonging to 23 genera, 7 families, and 5 orders. Further analysis indicated that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index had an average value of 1.04, ranging from 0.21 to 2.36. The average Pielou evenness index was 0.54, with values ranging from 0.29 to 0.81. The average Margalef richness index was 0.75, varying from 0.13 to 2.09. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) tests suggested no significant differences in diversity indices between the lake area and river channels. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed four distinct cluster structures in the fish community of Dongping Lake, categorized as coastal, lake center, and two riverine types, with significant overall differences (R＜1, P＜0.05). The traditional net fishing survey captured 24 fish species belonging to 21 genera, 6 families, and 4 orders, with 18 species detected using both methods. Cypriniforms were the most abundant among the fish species detected using both methods. This study demonstrated a high similarity (62.06%) in species composition between eDNA technology and traditional net fishing surveys. Geographically, the fish community in Dongping Lake exhibited distinct distribution patterns from the Liuchang River along the coastline of Dongping Lake, north of the lake center, to the Xiaoqing River, indicating a north-south difference in the overall fish community. The results of this study confirm the feasibility of using eDNA technology for monitoring fishery resources in Dongping Lake, effectively supplement fish resources monitoring means. This study provides valuable data and technical references for the management and conservation of fishery resources in the Dongping Lake.

• Effects of sea ice and Southern Annular Mode on the length-based index of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) population in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctic

  DONG Yafei, LIU Hui, ZHU Guoping

  2023,30(12):1543-1555, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0266

  Abstract: (40) HTML (72) PDF (2.34 M)(257)

  Abstract:

  Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a keystone species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and its physiological processes across all life history stages are closely related to sea ice dynamics. The rapid warming of the Antarctic Peninsula and the southward shift in krill distribution range have garnered attention regarding the response of Antarctic krill to sea ice dynamics. The population structure of the Antarctic krill affects the Southern Ocean ecosystem at multiple trophic levels. Achieving a thorough understanding of the Antarctic krill population structure necessitates additional understanding of the replenishment, growth, and reproduction of this species. In this study, we used an open-access database to calculate five indices that reflect the population structure of Antarctic krill in the Bransfield Strait, that is, recruitment index, average length of larval, female, and male individuals in the population, and the ratio of females in the population, and developed a generalized additive model to analyze the effects of sea ice area within the Bransfield Strait and the other three areas adjacent to the Bransfield Strait, water depth, seafloor complexity, and daily index of the southern annular mode (SAM) on krill population dynamics. Since changes in sea ice and SAM have delayed impacts on Antarctic krill, this study proposes lag times of 0, 30, 60, and 90 d for both sea ice dynamics in the four areas and SAM. The results indicate that the increased sea ice area in the Bransfield Strait in the winter of the previous year promoted an increase in the recruitment index. Furthermore, aside from the sea ice area in the Strait, the Weddell Sea predominantly influenced the average lengths of juvenile and male Antarctic krill in the Bransfield Strait. The impact of sea ice area may be due to the fact that the Antarctic krill population in Bransfield Strait originates from the northwest Weddell Sea. The average length of male krill and krill juveniles exhibited a significant negative correlation with the sea ice area in the northwest Weddell Sea 60 d prior. This demonstrates the complexity of the influence of sea ice on average Antarctic krill length. The correlation between the Antarctic krill recruitment index and SAM was significantly positive on both the current day and 60 d prior. This finding contradicts previous studies that suggested that the positive effect of SAM was detrimental to Antarctic krill juvenile survival and resulted in a reduced density of Antarctic krill juveniles. This may be because positive SAM enhances upwelling and increases productivity, providing more food for juvenile Antarctic krill, leading to an increase in the recruitment index. Another possibility is that the effect of SAM on krill is regionally variable. As seafloor complexity increased, the Antarctic krill recruitment index decreased significantly. This may be because complex water depths imply a complex hydrological environment that is not conducive to the survival of Antarctic krill with poor swimming abilities. The influence of sea ice and circulation in the northwest Weddell Sea on Antarctic krill in the Bransfield Strait and the complex relationship between Antarctic krill and SAM require further study to better understand the effects of sea ice changes on Antarctic krill in the local and surrounding waters of the Bransfield Strait and its response to climate change.

• The early-stage fish resources of the four major Chinese carps and effects of the eco-operation at Honghu section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

  GAO Lei, GUO Guozhong, YANG Hao, CHEN Daqing, WANG Ke, DUAN Xinbin

  2023,30(12):1556-1565, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0270

  Abstract: (50) HTML (64) PDF (2.03 M)(266)

  Abstract:

  To estimate the early stage fish resources of four major Chinese carp species and the effects of ecological regulation on fish reproduction, we collected samples of fish eggs and larvae from the Honghu section of the Yangtze River from May 2014 to July 2016. A total of 56 fish eggs and 74815 larvae were collected. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix accounted for 69.64% and 75.73% of the total numbers, respectively. From 2014 to 2016, we estimated there were 1.11×10⁸ , 0.95×10⁸ , and 0.94×10⁸ ind eggs of the four major Chinese carps drifted through the Honghu section, respectively; meanwhile, there were 7.63×10⁸ , 15.36×10⁸ , and 27.64×10⁸ ind larvae, respectively. Larval density was significantly and positively correlated with water flow, water temperature, and water level (P＜0.01). The GAM model indicated that the density of the larvae showed an upward trend, which was followed by a slight decrease within the water temperature range of 18.1–26.6 ; ℃ overall, it was significantly positively linearly correlated with flow. Compared to the previous century, the resource quantity of the four major Chinese carp in the Honghu reaches of the Yangtze River decreased; however, the location of their spawning grounds did not change significantly. Ecological regulation promoted the reproductive activities of the four major carp species in the Honghu reaches; however, the effect was weaker than that in the Yidu and Jingzhou reaches, which are closer to the dam. It is recommended that important spawning grounds be demarcated and labeled and that publicity and protection be strengthened.

• Preliminary investigation of cetacean species diversity in Xisha sea area of the South China Sea using environmental DNA technology

  MAI Junxiao, ZHANG Shuai, ZHENG Ruodan, WANG Teng, LAI Xiaofang, JIANG Peiwen, WANG Wenxin, CHEN Zuozhi, LI Min

  2023,30(12):1566-1576, DOI: 10.12264/JFSC2023-0312

  Abstract: (69) HTML (69) PDF (1.87 M)(291)

  Abstract:

  This study investigated the application prospects of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology for studying the species diversity of cetaceans. It involves extracting eDNA from water samples in the Xisha sea area using universal primers for amplification targeting cetacean mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA. High-throughput sequencing was conducted. The results were combined with visual observation data to discuss the potential of eDNA technology in cetacean species diversity studies. These results indicated that the 4 universal primers were effective for cetacean identification. Using these primers, 5 cetacean species were detected in samples from 19 stations in the Xisha sea area. The identified species included the pan-tropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris), Fraser's dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei), Eden's whale (Balaenoptera edeni edeni), and short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus). The cetaceans observed during sampling included the pantropical spotted dolphin, spinner dolphin, and Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus). The dominant species detected by both methods were consistent, and the environmental DNA (eDNA) technology identified species that were not visually observed. The detection results of primers Cet-12S and Marver3 covered 5 cetacean species and 17 sites where cetaceans were detected, indicating that the combined use of primers targeting different gene segments is advantageous for improving detection effectiveness. There were no significant differences among the 4 primers in terms of the detected cetacean sequences and number of species. Cet-12S exhibited the highest proportion of cetacean sequences and species, accounting for 33.0% and 21.1% of the total population, respectively. In contrast, the other primers detected much lower proportions of cetacean sequences and species, ranging from 0.2% to 0.6% and 2.0% to 4.1%, respectively. In addition, the number of nonspecifically amplified sequences and species detected by Cet-12S was significantly lower than that of the other 3 primers, indicating its high specificity as a universal primer for cetacean eDNA. Compared to visual observation, eDNA technology has advantages such as high sensitivity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, making it well suited for studying the species diversity of cetaceans. This study enhanced our understanding of cetacean species diversity in the Xisha Sea area, offering technical insights for cetacean conservation and research.

• Research on the efficient separation of microplastics in Manila Clam based on Fluorescent Staining

  Yao Meng-Zhu, Shen Hao, Liu Ji-Qiang, Chen Yi, Zhang Yi-Ming

  Abstract: (4) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为了建立基于荧光染色技术的贝类中微塑料的高效分离前处理方案，以占消费比重较大的花蛤(菲律宾帘蛤，Ruditapes philippinarum)作为研究对象，在10% 氢氧化钾(KOH)和蛋白酶K两种消解体系下，考察消解效率、堵膜率和微塑料回收率及红外光谱变化情况，确定最佳消解条件并做优化。优化方案结合尼罗红荧光染色，并用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪对疑似荧光颗粒进行验证，确定方案的适用性。实验表明，优化后的KOH消解方案，消解效率提高到(99.80±0.06)%，堵膜率降至(95.78±6.51)%，3-5 mm粒径塑料标准品的回收率为(97.92±3.61)%，500 μm粒径塑料标准品为(89.58±4.14)%。经优化的蛋白酶K消解方案，消解效率提升至(99.97±0.02)%，堵膜率降为(94.37±9.85)%，两种粒径的塑料标准品回收率分别为(97.92±3.61)%和(87.08±2.69)%。使用尼罗红溶液染色有效地提高了目视显微观察筛选效率。实验发现蛋白酶K优化组出现众多假阳性荧光亮点，影响显微拉曼测定，而KOH优化组未出现类似的情况。样品共检出0.99个/克(湿重)微塑料，包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate, PET，纤维状，长度为971.23±22.01 μm)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene，ABS，颗粒，粒径为26.88±1.69 μm)。最终采用以10% KOH，50℃，4h，5% 稀盐酸溶液调节pH为优化前处理方案，结合尼罗红荧光染色观察和共聚焦显微拉曼定性，本方案简单、经济且高效，可适用于双壳贝类中微塑料的检测分析。

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• Developmental characteristics of embryos and early larvae of Carassius carassius in the Irtysh River

  HAN Hao-xiang, Ma Xinjiang, LIAN Jie, JIN Hong-yu, PAN Guo-qiang, MA Bo

  Abstract: (10) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为掌握黑鲫胚胎及仔鱼发育规律，填补人工繁育空白，丰富其繁殖生物学数据，本研究在额尔齐斯河水域收集黑鲫亲本，通过人工催产受精的方式获得受精卵，对其早期发育特征进行观察。结果显示：黑鲫胚胎在(19.89 ± 0.64) ℃温度条件下，历经110 h35 min孵化出膜，共需要积温2274.54 h·℃；黑鲫胚胎从受精卵开始，受精后50 min胚盘隆起，6h40 min发育至囊胚，17h20 min发育至原肠胚，26h20 min发育至神经，37h20 min出现肌节，70h35min出现心跳，110h35min出膜，胚胎发育过程经历了受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化共7个阶段(26个时期)；孵出1 d的鱼苗全长(4.45±0.12) mm，卵黄囊饱满，静卧于水底，2 d后鱼苗全长(5.13±0.18) mm，色素沉淀增加，出现短暂游动，3d后鱼苗全长(5.69±0.17) mm，对外界刺激敏感，卵黄囊吸收完毕，臀鳍和尾鳍清晰可见。本研究首次报道了额尔齐斯河黑鲫在人工催产条件下的早期发育的时序及特征，将为进一步实现苗种规模化繁育提供基础资料和重要参考。

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• Effects of Antarctic krill meal in diet on reproductive performance and embryo quality of Eriocheir sinensis

  Huang Xiao-Rong, Tan Ru, Zhang Tao, Feng Guang-Peng, Geng Zhi, Zhao Feng, Yang Gang, Zhuang Ping

  Abstract: (8) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  通过60天的饲养试验,评估了南极磷虾粉对中华绒螯蟹繁殖性能及胚胎质量的影响,分别在饲料中添加0%、10%和20%南极磷虾粉作为3个实验组,并以投喂缢蛏作为对照组,每组设3个平行。分析了各组雌蟹肝胰腺重量(HW)、性腺重量(GW)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)的变化特征。营养强化结束后开展了亲蟹的繁殖实验研究,每组设3个重复,每缸中放5只雄蟹和10只雌蟹,比较了各组中雌蟹的产卵量、生殖力和生殖指数等繁殖性能,分析了胚胎卵径、重量、生化成分及脂肪酸组成。结果表明:(1)营养强化后,各饵料组中雌蟹的肝胰腺重量和肝胰腺指数均显著低于强化前(P＜0.05),性腺重量和性腺指数均显著高于强化前(P＜0.05),其中以20%组最高。(2)雌蟹的产卵量和生殖力均以20%组中最高,但各组间生殖指数无显著差异(P＞0.05)。(3)各实验组胚胎卵径、卵重、水分、粗蛋白、总蛋白和粗脂肪均不存在显著差异,20%组中磷脂(PL)含量最高,且与其它各组均有显著差异(P＜0.05)；10%组中甘油三酯(TG)含量最高,平均为(1449.73±101.38)μg/g,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。0%组和对照组胚胎中胆固醇含量(CHOL)均显著高于10%组和20%组(P<0.05)。(4)0%组中C20:2 和 C20:4n6含量最高,且显著高于10%组(P＜0.05),但SFA、MUFA和PUFA各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。饲料中添加10%~20%南极磷虾粉能促进中华绒螯蟹雌蟹的性腺发育,其中20%南极磷虾粉能显著提高繁殖性能和改善胚胎质量。研究结果为开展中华绒螯蟹人工养殖和亲本的增殖放流提供了理论依据和科学支撑。

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• Transcriptome analysis of body color pattern region and expression analysis of tyrosinase family genes during development in Siniperca chuatsi

  xiejinyang, Li Shuaishuai, Xue Wenbo, caikangnign, Zhao Jinliang, Zhao Yan

  Abstract: (11) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)复杂的体色图案兼具生态意义和经济价值，为探究鳜色彩图案形成的分子机制，对鳜体侧的图案区、非图案区以及腹部的皮肤进行转录组分析，并利用荧光定量PCR技术测定酪氨酸酶家族基因在鳜胚胎至出膜后30d内表达变化。结果显示，3处皮肤区域间差异表达基因主要富集在ECM-受体相互作用、紧密连接、黏着等通路，且以MAPK通路为核心通路。紧密连接蛋白(tight junction protein 1a, TJP1a)在非图案区的表达量显著高于图案和腹部区，酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(tyrosinase-related protein 1, TYRP1)、多巴色素异构酶(dopachrome tautomerase, DCT)、小眼畸形相关转录因子a(melanocyte inducing transcription factor a, MITFa)基因在图案区的表达量显著高于非图案区和腹部区，刺鼠信号蛋白1(agouti signaling protein 1, ASIP1)基因在腹部区的表达量要显著高于图案和非图案区。鳜早期发育中，酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase, TYR)和DCT基因在原肠期开始显著增加(P < 0.05)，TYRP1基因在出膜后1d表达开始显著增加(P < 0.05)，TYR、TYRP1、DCT基因在出膜7d左右表达显著下降，到出膜25d维持一定水平。综上，细胞间通讯基因(TJP1a)和色素沉着基因(TYRP1、DCT、MITFa、ASIP1)对鳜体色图案的形成发挥重要作用，鳜胚胎早期黑色素的合成主要依赖TYR、DCT基因，出膜后黑色素的合成由TYR、TYRP1、DCT基因共同作用。

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• Comparative study on the muscle quality of bighead carps between Wanghu Lake and its surrounding ponds

  wangsen, majishun, zhongkeer, xionghao, zhouqiong

  Abstract: (14) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究大水面养殖与池塘养殖模式下鱼类肌肉品质可能存在的差异及其原因，以鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)为研究对象，采集并观测湖北省网湖(网湖放养组)和周边养殖池塘(池塘养殖组)两组鳙的背部肌肉的表观、质构、营养和风味等特征，并对两者的水质条件与饵料生物组成进行对比研究。结果显示：(1)网湖放养鳙的腹脂比(IPF)、肝体比(HSI)显著低于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)，而两者的肥满度(CF)和脏体比(VSI)无显著差异(P>0.05)；网湖放养鳙的鱼皮和鱼肉的亮度值(L*)和白度值(W)显著高于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)；(2)网湖放养鳙肌肉的弹性、内聚性高于池塘养殖组(P>0.05)，硬度显著低于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)；(3)网湖放养鳙的水分、粗蛋白含量显著低于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)，而粗脂肪含量显著高于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)；网湖放养鳙的必需氨基酸含量及其评分显著高于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)；网湖放养组和池塘养殖组的EAA/TAA比值分别为41.24%、40.84%，EAA/NEAA的比值分别为84.18%、83.04%，均符合FAO/WHO理想模式标准；网湖放养组的单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于池塘养殖组(P<0.05)；网湖放养鳙肌肉中Ca、Zn的含量高于池塘养殖组(P>0.05)；(4)网湖放养组的鲜味氨基酸占比更高，苦味氨基酸占比更低；网湖放养组和池塘养殖组的最高气味活度值分别是呈青草味的己醛和油脂味的1-辛醛，其中网湖放养组的气味呈负面影响的1-己醇、3-戊酮等挥发性化合物含量及ROAV更低。研究表明，网湖放养鳙相对于池塘养殖组具有更好的形态特征、肌肉营养和风味品质，这与其养殖环境和天然饵料的差异有关，本研究可为大水面生态渔业的发展提供理论参考。

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• Effects of high-glucose load on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function of hepatocytes from spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

  RenHuijuan, LuKangle

  Abstract: (25) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为探究花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)肝细胞在高糖负荷下的代谢特征，本研究在正常糖(5 mmol/L，对照组)与高糖(40 mmol/L，高糖组)条件下培养花鲈肝脏细胞系，在培养48 h后，收集细胞及细胞培养基上清液测定相关指标。结果表明，与对照组相比，高糖组细胞糖原含量显著升高(P<0.05)，且细胞己糖激酶、柠檬酸合酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05)，表明高糖负荷增强了肝细胞糖酵解和三羧酸循环。此外，高糖培养提高了上清液中谷丙转氨酶与谷草转氨酶的活性(P<0.05)，表明高糖培养诱导肝细胞损伤。高糖负荷下，细胞活性氧(ROS)含量显著升高，ATP含量显著降低(P<0.05)，并且在透射电镜下可观察到线粒体肿胀与嵴损伤，表明高糖诱导线粒体损伤。对线粒体自噬和合成相关基因表达分析发现，高糖培养显著上调了线粒体自噬相关基因pink、atg5、mul1的表达，并下调线粒体生成相关基因nrf-1、pgc-1α、pgc-1β的表达(P<0.05)。线粒体基因组测序表明，高糖培养肝细胞的线粒体D-Loop区基因发生了突变。综上所述，高糖培养会导致花鲈肝细胞糖酵解与三羧酸循环增强，并通过增强线粒体自噬，抑制线粒体生成与诱导线粒体DNA突变以应对高糖带来的不良影响。

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• Study on dynamic changes of bacterioplankton communities in Litopenaeus vannamei farming pond using saline-alkaline water in the Hetao plain

  YU Xinrui, WU Tao, WANG Hao, YAN Haiming, HAN Jianjun, GUAN Weibing

  Abstract: (14) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  发展以渔业利用为基础的盐碱水体养殖已成为开发盐碱水资源的重要方法之一，凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannamei）是盐碱地水产养殖中的重要品种，水体中的微生物组在养殖过程中发挥着重要作用，然而，关于盐碱地凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中的微生物研究较少。本研究基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术，解析了盐碱地凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中浮游细菌的全过程动态变化。结果显示：在整个养殖过程中，门水平的主要优势菌为厚壁菌门（33.82%）、变形菌门（25.82%）、蓝细菌门（17.36%）和放线菌门（17.36%）；主要优势属包括微小杆菌属、噬冷杆菌属、Cyanobium_PCC-6307，微小杆菌属在前中期（0-30天）的样品中富集较多（19.57% - 55.17%），而中后期（40-60天）较少（13.32% - 24.84%）；噬冷杆菌在0天、10天和40天的样品中发现较少（0.07% - 0.53%），在随后的50天样品中出现了相对丰度的大幅上升（49.21%）；Cyanobium_PCC-6307在40天样品中出现了相对丰度的大幅上升（42.92%），在其余样品中波动较小（3.87% - 13.12%）；游动球菌属在放苗前的水体中丰度最高（9.68%），在之后的养殖阶段中降低；马赛菌属（8.09%）和金黄杆菌属（6.36%）仅在30天样品中特异性富集。在0天，10天，20天，30天，40天，50天和60天的样品中形成了各自独特的浮游细菌群落，水温、氮磷营养元素和pH驱动了浮游细菌群落演替。在致病菌相对丰度较低的情况下，蓝细菌可能是盐碱地水产养殖的主要威胁，微小杆菌属和噬冷杆菌属可视为当地水源和池塘中的主要益生菌，能够抑制蓝细菌大量繁殖，维持水体环境的健康。

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• Study on species composition of spring fish eggs in Daya Bay based on DNA barcoding technology

  Hu Kai, Li Min, Zhang Shuai, Jiang Peiwen, Cai Yancong, Chen Zuozhi, Xu Shannan

  Abstract: (28) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  鱼卵是鱼类早期生活史的重要环节，鱼卵种类和分布的研究是渔业资源利用与养护的重要前提。利用DNA条形码技术鉴定鱼卵会相比传统形态学鉴定更加准确、高效。为了解大亚湾海域鱼类早期资源的空间分布、种类组成及其与环境因子的关系，于2022年4月在大亚湾的14个站点进行了采样调查，采用线粒体DNA的COI（Cytochrome oxidase subunit I）片段作为分子标记，利用DNA条形码技术鉴定了大亚湾海域春季的鱼卵种类。结果发现，大亚湾春季鱼卵种类共36种，隶属于7目18科26属，其中31种鉴定到种，另有3种鉴定到属，2种鉴定到科。鱼卵的平均密度为10.12 ind·m-3，密度最大的站点（37.3 ind·m-3）为S7。鱼卵的优势种（优势度≥0.02）为项斑项鲾（Nuchequula nuchalis）、十棘银鲈（Gerres decacanthus）、克氏副叶鲹（Alepes kleinii）、岛屿侧带小公鱼（Stolephorus insularis）、中颌棱鳀（Thryssa mystax）、叶鲱（Escualosa thoracata）、黄斑光胸鲾（Photopectoralis bindus）。环境因子分析表明，本文中环境因子与优势种鱼卵分布无强相关性，主要是由于优势种鱼卵种类是广温广盐性鱼类，对海域环境适应性很强。结果显示，大亚湾海域是多种鱼类的产卵场，但鱼卵种类仍然以小型化和低值化为主，应进一步加强对大亚湾渔业资源的保护，恢复其鱼类优良种质资源场的功能。

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• Species identification of Capitella in sea cucumber culture ponds and its genetic diversity analysis

  zhao hongjing, wang yingeng, ge jianlong, liao meijie, li bin, rong xiaojun, wang jinjin, yuan chunying, cui qingman, chang yusong, shi guojun

  Abstract: (31) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  为明确刺参养殖池塘大量出现的一种潜在敌害生物种类以及不同养殖区域的遗传关系，本研究采用形态学和分子生物学方法确定了小头虫的种类，并基于18S rDNA、COI和ITS基因序列，对山东东营和青岛两个地理群体的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行解析，结果显示，虫体外观呈红色，长7.94～25.27 mm，宽0.65～0.94 mm，头部呈圆锥状或钝圆形；胸部九个胸节，前七胸节具毛状刚毛；雄体在第八、九胸节具有钩状生殖棘；雌体在腹部具成对的卵巢；身体背部圆形，腹部较扁平，后腹部无鳃；尾部末端具肛门。基于线粒体CO I基因系统发育树和序列比对，发现其与Capitella teleta聚为一支且序列相似性为99.11%。结合形态学特征及CO I基因分析结果，确定山东刺参养殖池塘的小头虫为C. teleta。不同地区小头虫的遗传进化分析结果显示，中国山东C. teleta和韩国C. teleta以及日本C. teleta的亲缘关系最近，进一步说明刺参养殖池塘中的小头虫为C. teleta。东营和青岛小头虫群体的遗传多样性和AMOVA分析结果显示，东营群体遗传多样性高于青岛群体，两个地理群体的亲缘关系较远，两个群体存在一定程度的遗传分化。研究结果明确了刺参养殖池塘中小头虫的种类以及不同养殖区域小头虫群体的遗传关系，为构建刺参健康养殖技术提供了科学依据。

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• Effects of environmental factors on CPUE of pair trawl skipjack tuna in Mauritania based on structural equation modelling

  ZHANG Honglin, MA Youcheng, SONG Houcheng, ZHANG Jian, ZENG Zhijian

  Abstract: (81) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  探索渔业资源丰度与环境因子的关系，并掌握种群分布对环境变化的响应机制，是养护资源、实现渔业可持续发展的基础。然而，渔业资源的变化受多个环境因素的综合影响，这些因素之间存在复杂且相关的关系。目前的研究主要集中于环境因子对种群分布和资源丰度等直接影响，而忽视了环境因素之间的相互作用。为了探索不同环境因子及其相互关系对毛里塔尼亚双拖鲣种群资源量的影响机制与路径，本研究基于2017-2019年毛里塔尼亚海域双拖渔业鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)CPUE，采用结构方程模型(SEM)构建海表面温度(SST)、海表面盐度(SSS)、海面高度异常(SLA)、溶解氧(DO)和叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)5个环境因子对鲣CPUE直接和间接影响。结果表明：SEM模型具有良好的拟合效果；SST、SSS、SLA、DO和Chl-a对鲣CPUE均有直接影响，其中DO和SLA对CPUE有着显著正相关影响，而SST、SSS和Chl-a对CPUE有显著负相关影响；SST等环境因子还会通过多种路径对鲣CPUE产生间接影响。研究结果揭示了毛塔海域SST通过直接影响或通过影响其他环境因子而间接影响鲣种群资源变动的潜在机制。

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• Effects of phytosterols on growth, digestion, intestinal, liver morphology, antioxidant and immune levels in Procambarus clarkia

  YANG Zhigang, WANG Xiao, Ren shengjie, LIU Yongjian, GU Xiaolong, WANG Aiming

  Abstract: (10) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本实验旨在探究饲料中添加植物甾醇对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长消化、抗氧化、免疫及肠肝形态的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.10%、0.19%、0.38%、0.76%的植物甾醇，制备5组等氮等脂饲料，分别命名为CON、P1、P2、P3和P4饲料组，对体均重为（9.37 ? 0.02 g）的克氏原螯虾进行6周的养殖实验。结果显示：P1和P2组的增重率、特定生长率显著高于CON组（P < 0.05），且P2组实验虾的生长性能最佳。P3组实验虾肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于CON组，脂肪酶活性显著低于CON组（P < 0.05）。肝胰腺中P1组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，血淋巴中P2组酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高，但与CON差异均不显著（P > 0.05）。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺和血淋巴总超氧化物歧化酶活性与过氧化氢酶活性呈上升趋势，丙二醛含量呈下降趋势。相较CON组，P1组肠道结构更加健康完整，植物甾醇水平到0.19%及以上时，克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织形态出现不良影响。随着植物甾醇水平提高，肝胰腺的NF-κB相对表达水平升高。P1组Hsp70相对表达水平显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。研究表明，本实验条件下添加0.10%?0.19%植物甾醇可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长消化、改善肠肝组织形态，提高克氏原螯虾抗氧化和免疫能力。

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• Effects of two Bacillus probiotics on growth, digestion, immunity and intestinal microbial communities of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  WANG Shigui, YAN Fajun, ZHANG Minglei, MAO Shuquan, ZHU Yongan, FU Chaosong, SONG Liping, LIU Feng

  Abstract: (951) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本文选取热带芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tropicus)和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌(Metabacillus idriensis)为潜在益生菌，探讨它们对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、消化、免疫及肠道菌群的影响。将初始体重为(92.95±2.36)g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组，每组设3个重复，分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)和4种试验饲料[于基础饲料中分别添加104和106 CFU/g的B. tropicus(标记为BT4、BT6)或M. idriensis(MI4、MI6)]，饲喂期为60 d。生长试验结果表明，各菌处理组大口黑鲈的终末体重、增重率及特定生长率均高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)，而饲料系数均显著低于对照且随菌株添加浓度增加呈显著降低变化(P<0.05)。消化方面结果显示，各菌处理组的肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照组，其中BT6和MI6对肠道消化性能具有显著提高效果(P<0.05)。免疫方面结果表明，各菌处理组的血清酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶及溶菌酶以及肠道溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性均得到显著的提升(P<0.05)，说明菌株对血清和肠道免疫功能均有显著提高作用，但比较发现，总体以BT6与MI6的免疫增强效果最佳。肠道菌群高通量测序结果显示，支原菌属(Mycoplasma)、邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)为大口黑鲈肠道优势菌群；各组比较发现，BT6、MI6与对照之间在OTU数量、多样性指数及菌群结构上差异最明显，BT6可降低主要优势菌支原菌属(P<0.05)和多数劣势菌群的丰度来提高菌群均一性进而提高菌群多样性，而MI6可促进多数劣势类群的生长来提高菌群丰富度和均一性进而提高菌群多样性，这反映了不同菌株对肠道菌群作用方式的差异。本研究表明，热带芽孢杆菌和传染病研究所副芽孢杆菌皆可作为益生菌株应用于大口黑鲈养殖，在本实验条件下最佳使用量均为106 CFU/g，它们具有促进大口黑鲈生长、增强消化和免疫力、促进肠道菌群平衡及提高肠道菌群多样性等作用。本研究为大口黑鲈的益生菌开发与应用提供理论支撑。

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• 1.3 RT-qPCR

  zhanghui, zenglin, xiongyifei, songwei

  Abstract: (404) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  毒物兴奋效应是指有机体经历低剂量胁迫后,可以提高其对相同或不同高剂量胁迫因子的耐受性。由此探讨盐度驯化改善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)盐度胁迫耐受性的作用机制,实验设置六个盐度梯度(25、25+12、25+40、20、20+12、20+40,分别记为C组、CL组、CH组、A组、AL组、AH组),大黄鱼盐度暴露24 h后取样。结果显示,CL vs C中大黄鱼肝脏的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(Lipid oxidation,LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)活力显著上升,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力显著降低(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)的活力变化不显著(P>0.05)。CH vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、 LZM的活力显著上升,CAT和AKP显著降低(P<0.05)。A vs C中MDA和LPO含量显著上升,SOD、LZM和AKP的活力未发生显著变化(P>0.05),CAT活力显著降低(P<0.05)。 AL vs CL与AH vs CH中MDA和LPO含量显著降低,SOD、 CAT 、LZM和AKP的活力显著上升(P<0.05)。铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、CAT、非特异性免疫酶［c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和AKP］基因表达水平与其酶活成正相关；核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)基因表达水平均分别与其目的基因(抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因)表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05),表明Nrf2和NF-κB可能分别参与了抗氧化和非特异性基因表达调控。综上所述,基于毒物兴奋效应原理,盐度驯化可以通过提高大黄鱼抗氧化和非特异性免疫能力来缓解盐度胁迫所带来的氧化损伤,从而改善大黄鱼的盐度耐受性。

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• Development of vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles

  WU Chenyan, TANG Pengyan, ZHONG Junsheng, WANG Xiaodong, HUANG Jieli

  Abstract: (511) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  本研究基于2014年6-7月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网（口径1.3m、网目0.5mm）进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys luncidus）仔稚鱼样本，采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术，探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼（体长范围为3.3-12.7mm）脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明：脊柱骨化之前不分节，而是由前向后逐渐长出的一个个骨环把脊柱分节，硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成，相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行，棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长，属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼，为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊，具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘；背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长，尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼，侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合，为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据，对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。

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• Detection of Nile tilapia specific antibody secreting cells induced by human IgG by ELISPOT assay

  Huang Yu, Pang Bijian, Li Qi, Wu Zaohe, Jian Jichang

  Abstract: (667) HTML (0) PDF (0.00 Byte) (0)

  Abstract:

  通过酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测了经人IgG免疫后尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)头肾、外周血和脾脏中的特异性抗体分泌细胞(antibody secreting cell,ASC)数量。结果表明：首次免疫1天后可在头肾中检测出ASC,而外周血和脾脏第3天才能检测出ASC；头肾、外周血以及脾脏中的ASC均在第12天达到峰值,随后头肾,外周血中的ASC数量显著减少,而在脾脏中ASC数量减少不显著。二次免疫1天后在头肾、外周血和脾脏中均可检测到ASC,ASC数量均在第9天达到峰值,时间早于首次免疫,且在首次免疫和二次免疫中,头肾组织的ASC数量均是三个组织中最高的。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别对首次免疫和二次免疫后血清中的抗体水平检测发现,其变化趋势与ASC数量变化规律相同。研究结果表明,尼罗罗非鱼在初次免疫后产生了免疫记忆,在二次免疫过程中产生了更多的ASC和抗体,头肾是ASC的主要来源组织。该结果为鱼类的免疫记忆研究提供重要的科学依据。

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• Effects of Cu acclimation on oxidative damage in the large yellow croaker under cold stress based on transcriptome analysis

  Zeng Lin, Wang Yong Hong, songwei

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  Abstract:

  为探讨铜驯化对低温胁迫下大黄鱼氧化损伤和基因表达水平的影响,本实验将体质量为(48.92±3.62) g的大黄鱼暴露在铜浓度为0和10 μg L^?1的水体中14 d,再暴露在温度为8^°C的水体中24 h。结果显示,低温胁迫显著增加了活性氧(ROS)和脂质过氧化物(LPO)含量。尽管铜驯化对ROS和LPO含量不产生影响,但铜驯化显著增加了低温胁迫下大黄鱼ROS和LPO含量,表明铜驯化加剧了低温胁迫对大黄鱼的氧化损伤。从铜驯化vs.对照组、低温胁迫vs.对照组和铜驯化+低温胁迫vs.低温胁迫中分别筛选到2 288个、1 425个和1 382个差异基因。GO和KEGG分析发现差异基因主要富集在与脂肪酸代谢、糖类有氧代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关的通路中。聚类分析表明,低温胁迫上调了不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡等相关通路中的大部分基因表达,而铜驯化则对低温胁迫下大黄鱼的这些基因表达调控产生了拮抗效应,表明铜驯化通过抑制不饱和脂肪酸合成、内质网应激、自噬和凋亡来降低大黄鱼的低温胁迫耐受性。研究结果为深入研究铜污染物对大黄鱼低温胁迫耐受性的影响及其分子机制提供科学依据。

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