The spectacular scenery of Hani terraces is an intangible world cultural heritage, but in recent years, the deterioration of these terraces, owing to the loss of young adult carp, is becoming increasingly severe, and they require urgent protection. In the present study, we investigated the ecological characteristics of the integrated rice-carp farming system in Hani terraced fields, which will provide a reference for optimizing the technical processes of integrated rice-carp farming systems in Hani terraced fields at different altitudes. From May to August 2019, a survey of the macrobenthos in integrated rice-carp farming terraces at different altitudes (570 m and 1840 m) was carried out at the Hani terraces in Honghe County, Yunnan Province. We investigated the differences in community composition, density, biomass, and diversity of macrobenthos of these Hani terraces. The Jargensen index and Jaccard similarity index were used to compare the similarity of macrobenthos community structures from high and low elevations, and the Shannon-Wiener, Pielou evenness, and Margalef richness indexes were used to evaluate biodiversity. Two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was used to identify significant differences in the Shannon-Wiener, Pielou evenness, and Margalef richness indexes, density, and biomass of macrobenthos communities between high and low altitudes. The results showed that. (1) A total of 25 species of macrobenthos were found in low altitude terraces, which belonged to 3 phyla and 3 classes and included 9 species of Oligochaeta, 16 species of Insecta, and 1 species of Gastropoda. A total of 24 macrobenthic species were found in high altitude terraces, which belonged to 2 phyla and 2 classes and included 3 species of Oligochaeta and 21 species of Insecta. Oligochaeta and Insecta were the main macrobenthic groups in high and low altitude terraces, and the species compositions was significantly (P<0.05) different between the two altitudes. The rice pests Chironomus and Tanytarsus were found in terraces at both high and low altitudes. In addition, the rice pest Pomacea canaliculata was found at low altitudes. (2) The Jorgensen index and Jaccard similarity index values indicated differences in the macrobenthic community structure at the two altitudes during the 4 months that the study was conducted. (3) In June and July, the Shannon-Wiener diversity, Pielou evenness, and Margalef richness indexes between the high and low altitudes were significantly different in the same month (P<0.05), while the differences in the other months were not significant (P>0.05). (4) The two-way ANOVA showed that month and altitudes significantly (P<0.05) affected the density of macrobenthos at high and low altitudes and that month significantly (P<0.05) affected the biomass, but there was no significant difference between altitudes (P<0.05). There also was an interaction between density and biomass in month and altitude (P<0.05). The present study showed that altitude and month were the key factors affecting the macrobenthic community structure of the Hani terraced integrated rice-carp farming system at different altitudes. Concurrently, the feeding pressure of carp was also an important factor of differences in the macrobenthic community structure, which reduced the pest biomass in the Hani terraced integrated rice-carp farming system.