Utilizing the basic biology data of Hemiculter bleekeri collected from October 2019 to September 2020 in Zhushan Lake, this study aimed to explore the population parameters of H. bleekeri in the Zhushan Lake and to thereby evaluate the utilization of resources using Electronic Length Frequency Analysis I (ELEFAN I), based on the length of frequency data and length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB). The results show that the length range of H. bleekeri is 44.17–181.87 mm; the weight range is 0.88–70.30 g; the relationship between body length and body weight can be expressed as W=9.0×10^–5L^3.0707(R2 =0.8775, n=805); and the growth equation of body length and weight can be described respectively as: L_t=194.25×[1–e^{–0.36(t+0.46)}], W_t=95.74×[1–e^{–0.36 (t+0.46)}] ^3.0707. According to the estimation by ELEFAN I, the relative natural mortality is M/K=2.28; the relative fishing mortality is F/K=4.50; the relative total mortality is Z/K=6.78; and the exploitation rate is E=0.66. According to the estimation by LBB, M/K, F/K, Z/K, and exploitation rate E are 1.88, 5.78, 7.64, and 0.76, respectively. The results of this study can not only fill the knowledge gap regarding the population growth characteristics and resource utilization of H. bleekeri in Zhushan Lake, but also provide a basis for scientific management of fishery resources in Taihu Lake.