The catch performance of tuna longlines was evaluated across two aspects: the catch rate of the target species and the bycatch rate of bycatch species. The aim of this review was to provide references for modifying the longline gear and fishing method, to improve the capture efficiency of target fish species and reduce bycatch rate. Based on the time series, we review the literature on the catch performance of tuna longlines; summarize the research progress of tuna longline catch performance from influence factors of longline fishing gear selectivity, hook depth, bait selectivity, environmental factors, and fishing gear soaking time; and present the existing drawbacks and suggestions for future research. The findings of previous studies are as follows: (1) the optimal operation depth and soaking duration of longline gear differ between different species; (2) larger circle hooks can reduce bycatch rate; (3) artificial bait exhibits selectivity, and fish bait and blue dyed bait can reduce bycatch rate; and (4) the environmental factors of the specific water layer significantly influences catch performance. Based on this review, we suggest that future study on the performance of tuna longline fishing gear should (1) determine the optimal sinking speed and depth of the hook; (2) establish a catch performance prediction model for different species in different water layers; (3) explore the optimum hook type and size for the targeted species; (4) focus on species selectivity by different odors and colors of natural and artificial bait; and (5) consider the potential synergistic effect of bait type, hook type and size, fishing gear soaking duration, bycatch rate, mortality rate, and post-release survival rate of the bycatch species.