Chemokines are small cytokines with the molecular weights of only 8–10 kD, which can be expressed and secreted by macrophages, fibroblasts, T cells and B cells. Chemokines can be classified into constitutive and inducible types according to their physiological functions. Constitutive chemokines are usually involved in the migration and localization of lymphocytes, and immune surveillance, while inducible chemokines are secreted and then induced the migration of leukocytes to the inflammatory sites upon infection or inflammatory stimulation. According to the arrangement of the first two cysteines in their amino acid sequences, chemokines can be divided into four categories: the CXC subfamily, CC subfamily, C subfamily and CX3C subfamily. So far, there is no report on CX3C subfamily chemokines in fish, while a fish special CX subfamily has been identified. In addition to recruiting and activating leukocytes, fish chemokines also play important roles in immune and stress responses, embryogenesis, and angiogenesis. The present study reviewed the classification, identification, structure, expression, and functions of fish chemokines.