The reproductive strategy of Triplophysa yarkandensis in the Qarqan River was investigated based on 544 samples collected from 2019 to 2021. The study analyzed the breeding population composition, breeding period, first maturity, spawning type, fecundity, and other characteristics. The results revealed that the breeding population of Triplophysa yarkandensis ranged from 2 to 9 years old, with a male–female ratio of 1.16∶1, belonging to the second type (P=K+D, K＞D). The observed body length and age at first sexual maturity were as follows: female, 111.0 mm, 2 years old; male, 79.0 mm, 2 years old. The first sexual maturity body length (SL₅₀) and age (A₅₀) were as follows: female, 123.2 mm and 3.16 years old; male, 90.9 mm and 2.95 years old. Based on the appearance time and proportion of different gonad development stages, gonad maturity coefficient, and egg diameter distribution, it is inferred that Triplophysa yarkandensis is a batch spawning type, and the breeding period is from March to August, with a peak breeding period from April to June. The average absolute fecundity was (61407±46143) grains, and the average relative fecundity was (743.87±321.78) grains/g. Compared with other water bodies, the Triplophysa yarkandensis population in the Qarqan River had a larger average body length, average body weight, and first sexual maturity body length; a higher absolute fecundity; and a lower relative fecundity. The distinctive reproductive strategy of the Triplophysa yarkandensis population in the Qarqan River can offer fundamental data support for the protection of its resources.