Dosidicus gigas, a short-lived cephalopod species, is extremely sensitive to environmental changes. The waters off Peru are an important fishing ground for D. gigas; nonetheless, mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous throughout this region. However, the impacts of eddies off Peru on D. gigas remain unclear. In this study, we first analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of eddies off Peru using an angular momentum eddy detection and tracking algorithm (AMEDA) based on an eddy tracking dataset; we then used fishery data, an eddy tracking dataset, and environmental data to evaluate the impacts of mesoscale eddies and eddy-induced changes in the environmental conditions on the abundance and distribution of D. gigas off Peru. It was found that eddies off Peru were primarily distributed in the coastal waters and south of 15°S, with some inter-monthly variability; nonetheless, interannual variability was not significant. The influence range of the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies was divided into internal (0–R) and marginal (R–2R) regions. The corresponding analysis showed that the abundance of D. gigas in the anticyclonic eddy regions was higher than that in the cyclonic eddy regions; further, the abundance of D. gigas at the edge of the eddies was higher than that in the center of the eddies. Correspondingly, the percentage of suitable environments in the anticyclonic eddies was higher than that in the cyclonic eddies, and the percentage of suitable environments at the edges of the eddies was higher than that in the center. In addition, the relatively lower sea surface temperature (SST) and 50 m water temperature (T_{50 m}) in the anticyclonic eddies yielded more suitable habitats, leading to a high abundance of D. gigas at anticyclonic eddy sites. Our results suggested that the variation of suitable environments in the interior and edges of different types of eddies affects the abundance and spatial distribution of D. gigas.