The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) has become the economically valued shellfish with the widest range of cultivation and highest yield in the world because of its high nutritional value, strong reproductive ability, and extensive environmental adaptability. Its unique shell color not only influences the choice of consumers, but also affects the commodity value. In previous breeding practices, we found a purple shell color mutant in “Haida No. 4” of C. gigas, and combined the techniques of family selection and mass selection to construct the first generation of a C. gigas breeding population with purple shells. However, the genetic stability of shell color, growth, and survival performance of purple-shelled C. gigas remain unclear. To develop a new strain with excellent shell color and growth characteristics, a nested mating design was used to construct 36 full-sib families based on the first generation breeding population of purple-shelled C. gigas. Simultaneously, unselected individuals were used as parents to produce three control groups by mating in single pairs to compare and analyze the differences in growth and survival traits of these families at various developmental stages. The genetic parameters of shell height and shell length of purple-shelled C. gigas were evaluated using a multi-trait animal model. Compared to the control groups, all purple-shelled families had higher average shell height and survival rates at various developmental stages, which increased by 1.49%–10.18% and 3.75%–15.94% during the larval stage and 4.05%–16.94% and 15.95%–18.25% during the juvenile stage, respectively. There were also significant differences in the growth and survival traits among the different families. No family was found to excel in both survival and growth traits, which will need to be further improved for the following selective program. The heritability of shell height and shell length of C. gigas during the larval stage were 0.43–0.84 and 0.49–0.80, while those during the juvenile stage were 0.15–0.33 and 0.18–0.37, respectively, all indicating middle to high heritability. The genetic and phenotypic correlations of shell height and shell length at different developmental stages were positive, with correlation coefficients of 0.67–0.97 and 0.17–0.51 at the larval stage and 0.77–0.99 and 0.14–0.65 at the juvenile stage, respectively. This study demonstrated that the purple-shelled families of C. gigas have certain growth and survival advantages over other families and that the selection for shell height and shell length traits shows promising potential. This study provides a reference for the development of a purple-shelled strain of C. gigas.