The Pearl River, the largest river in Southern China, contains rich fish biodiversity and harbors a great number of cyprinid species. Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Megalobrama terminalis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Squaliobarbus curriculus, Culter alburnus, Cirrhinus molitorella, and Cyprinus carpio are the most prevalent cyprinid species found in the lower reaches of the Pearl River where they play a key role in maintaining the stability of the food web. Due to the apparent differences in their feeding preferences, the morphological characteristics and degree of differentiation of their feeding organs may also vary. As a result, they are excellent candidates to investigate the morphological characteristics of feeding organs of cyprinid fish. The morphological variations of the feeding organs of these seven species were examined using a multi-faceted approach including traditional morphological anatomy, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering. The ANOVA results showed that the head length, snout length, mouth width, and mouth height of C. recurviceps were significantly greater than those of M. terminalis, S. curriculus, and C. idellus (P＜0.05), and the length of the pharyngeal forelimb of C. idellus was significantly shorter than those of M. terminalis and C. recurviceps (P＜0.05). Notably, the length of the gill rake of H. molitrix was remarkably longer than that of the remaining species (P＜0.05). The PCA results revealed that the morphological differences in the external feeding organs of the seven cyprinid species were primarily focused on mouth breadth and height, both of which are related to food capture. In contrast, the morphological differences in the interior feeding organs were primarily focused on the lengths of the pharyngeal bone and hindlimb, both of which are related to food chewing. Furthermore, we detected that the degree of differentiation in the interior feeding organs was higher than that in the external feeding organs. The cluster results of the morphological indexes of the external feeding organs of seven species highlighted that C. molitorella and C. carpio were clustered into one clade and C. idellus, M. terminalis, C. recurviceps, S. curriculus, and H. molitrix were clustered into another. Based on the morphological indexes of their internal feeding organs, the cluster results revealed that M. terminalis, C. recurviceps and C. carpio were clustered into one clade and S. curriculus, C. molitorella, H. molitrix, and C. idellus were clustered into another. A phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial Cyt b gene displayed that C. carpio and C. molitorella were clustered into one clade, while C. recurviceps, M. terminalis, S. curriculus, C. idellus, and H. molitrix were clustered into another. According to the correlational and significance tests between the Euclidean distance of external and internal feeding organs and pairwise phylogenetic genetic distance, the external feeding organs of the seven species were significantly correlated with phylogeny (P＜0.05), whereas the internal feeding organs were not (P＞0.05), indicating that the morphology of external feeding organs was easily influenced by phylogeny. This study demonstrated that diet was a key factor that influenced interior and external feeding organ morphology and examined significant relationships between phylogenetic relationships and morphological features of external feeding organs. External feeding characteristics show important reference potential for fish classification. Above all, our study revealed the differences in feeding organ morphological features of sympatric cyprinid fish and probed the relationships between the morphological characteristics of feeding organs, and feeding habits and phylogenetic status, which is of great significance to our understanding of their ecological adaptation mechanisms and protecting of fish resources in the Pearl River.