We developed a black shell color line (BF) based on the color of radiating ribbed stripes in shell prismatic layers and growth characteristics by employing family selection and population selection methods. We aimed to explore the production performance of the selected lines by comparing the performance indicators of the black shell color line F5 (BF5) and the control group (CG), including fertilization rate, hatching rate, metamorphosis rate, growth traits, tolerance to low temperature and high salt content, and pearl production traits. The fertilization, hatching, and survival rates on the 10th and 20th day of larvae and the metamorphosis rate of the BF5 population were higher than those of the CG population, but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05). Following 20 days post hatching, the average shell length of BF5 group was significantly higher than that of the CG group (P＜0.05), and the average shell length of the BF5 group was 17.47%, 21.34%, and 20.28% higher than that of CG group at 240, 330, and 600 days after hatching, respectively. Following 30 days of exposure to the heat stress caused at 33 ℃, the survival rate of BF5 and CG groups was 84.4% and 63.9%, respectively, and this difference was significant (P＜0.05). Following 30 days of exposure to 16‰ low salt stress, the survival rate of BF5 and CG groups was 69.2% and 56.7%, respectively, with significant differences being observed between the two groups (P＜0.05). From 150 days after nuclear implantation to the end of the beading period (270 days), the survival rate of BF5 was significantly higher than that of the CG population (P＜0.05). The survival rate of BF5 was 18.92% higher than that of CG. There was no significant difference between the commercial bead rate and the high-quality bead rate of BF5 and CG (P＞0.05). The nucleation retention rate and nacre thickness of BF5 were significantly higher than CG (P＜0.05), and the increase rates were 18.97% and 22.61%, respectively. Our results indicated that BF5 had better pearl production traits. The findings of this study provide basic data for breeding and industrial application of Pinctada fucata martensii.