Elucidating the occurrence and persistence of spawning grounds is warranted to minimize the damage caused by human activities to fish. Fish eggs and larvae, which aggregate in high numbers in a limited area, can be particularly vulnerable to negative environmental impacts. The increasing pressure on the fishery resources in Zhejiang fishing grounds have led to a sharp decline in the resources and damaged the structure of fish communities. In 2017, the government established the Qixing Islands and other 9 spawning ground reserves to protect and repair the resources of the main economic fish species. The Qixing Islands are a group of outer reefs in the southernmost part of Zhejiang Province. Located at the intersection of Taiwan Warm Current, Zhejiang and Fujian coastal currents, and the Kuroshio Current, the waters around these islands provide suitable hydrographic environment and abundant food resources, making it an ideal spawning and nursery ground for many fish species. The fish eggs and larvae phase marks a crucial period in early fish life as it is a highly sensitive and vulnerable stage. Changes in its abundance can directly impact population recruitment. Therefore, understanding the community structure of fish eggs and larvae is of great significance for conserving and utilizing marine fish resources. Additionally, fish community structures respond to the changes in environmental factors in the waters where they are located. At present, limited research has been conducted on fish eggs and larvae in the Qixing Islands spawning ground reserve. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the species composition of fish eggs and larvae and their relationship with environmental factors in the spawning ground reserve of Qixing Islands. Samples were collected during six cruises conducted in 2018 (April, May, and November) and 2019 (April, May, and November) using a large plankton net. These samples were then analyzed to assess the species composition, spatio-temporal distribution, community structure, and their relationship with environmental factors of fish eggs and larvae in this area. A total of 1490 eggs and 278 larvae were collected, belonging to 9 orders, 26 families, and 60 species. The most prevalent species of eggs included Harpodon nehereus, Konosirus punctatus, whereas those of larvae included Engraulis japonicus and Stolephorus commersonnii. The spatio-temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae exhibited a non-stationary characteristic, primarily in the eastern part of the surveyed area. Moreover, there was a higher density of fish eggs and larvae in 2019 than in 2018. Cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) sorting results indicated a highly significant difference (P= 0.001) in the cluster composition of eggs and larvae, and the community structure was characterized by obvious regional division. Mantel test correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were closely related to the distribution of fish eggs and larvae. The study indicates that in the early stages of establishing protected areas, there has been a positive impact on the replenishment and restoration of early-stage fish resources. However, the area is predominantly characterized by small-sized and low economic value fish. In light of existing measures for the recovery of fisheries resources, it is recommended to further strengthen the conservation efforts for economically important species and promote their rational development and utilization. Spawning peaked during spring, with the reserve being predominantly populated by warm-temperature or warm-water species of fish during both spring and autumn. Less significant and smaller species dominate over those considered more significant and larger within the community. The spatial distribution trend indicated that the eastern part of the surveyed sea area was closer to the closed area line, followed by coastal areas and central region. Eggs were mainly concentrated in the waters around the closed area line, and larvae were densely distributed in coastal waters. Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen influenced the distribution of eggs and larvae. The community structure of eggs and larvae in the spawning ground reserve of Qixing Islands was in a state of dynamic change, and the establishment of the reserve played a positive role in restoring the early resources of fish. The reserve remains the spawning and nursery ground for most fish species. Consequently, resource protection must be strengthened and rational development and utilization of economically important fish species must be undertaken by building upon the existing restoration measures used for fisheries resources.