We evaluated the population structure, growth and fecundity of Saurida undosquamis (Richardson) in the Beibu Gulf using biological data obtained from bottom trawls conducted during 1959−1960, 1992−1993, 1997−1999 and 2009−2010. The mean body length of S. undosquamis decreased from 185.5 mm in 1959−1960 to 163.1 mm in 1992−1993, 133.2 mm in 1997−1999, and 130.5 mm in 2009−2010. Similarly, mean body weight decreased from 66.5 g in 1959−1960 to 46.4 g in 1992−1993, 23.8 g in 1997−1999, and 22.6 g in 2009−2010. The asymptotic length (L), growth coefficient (k), and zero-length age (t0) in the von Bertanaffy growth equation during the periods 1959−1960, 1992−1993, 1997−1999, and 2009−2010 were 497.8 mm, 0.26, -0.49; 424.1 mm, 0.28, -0.48; 385.3 mm, 0.33, -0.41, and 342.5 mm, 0.39, -0.36, respectively. The inflexion age of body weight decreased from 4.05 years between 1959−1960 to 3.66 years between 1992−1993, 3.05 years in 1997, and 2.43 years between 2009−2010. Body length at 50% sexual maturity (L50) decreased from 111.2 mm between 1959−1960 to 105.2 mm between 1992−1993, 95.6 mm between 1997−1999, and 96.7 mm between 2009−2010. For the same body length, the current individual relative fecundity of S. undosquamis increased by 56.4% compared to the early 1960s. The changes in the life history traits of S. undosquamis in the Beibu Gulf during the last five decades suggest that the stock has undergone fishing-induced evolution (FIE), characterized by miniaturization, an increase in the speed of growth, and a decrease in time to maturity.