Based on monthly bottom trawl surveys in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay from September 2008 to August 2009, a study on the community structure and diversity of shrimps was carried out using an index of relative importance, ecological diversity indices, multivariate analysis and other methods. Survey results indicated that 17 shrimp species, belonging to 15 families and six genera, were caught. The relative monthly shrimp resource, which was highest in September, October and June, varied dramatically among months. The average catch weight per haul (h) ranged from 223.9 g/h to 3 422.9 g/h, and the average catch number per haul varied from 41 ind/h to 1 608 ind/h. Monthly changes were observed in the dominant species Alpheus japonicus. There were severe changes in the diversity index among months, with the indices in spring and summer being higher than those in autumn and winter. The Margalef’s species richness index () and Pielou’s evenness index (0.76, respectively. MDS and CLUSTER analysis identified four month groups, (December, January, February and March), Group III (June, September and October) and Group (July, August and November), for shrimp communities during the entire year in this area. ANOSIM analysis revealed significant differences in species composition between and Group III or Group II and Group IV, but no significant between other groups. Typical species within-group and discriminating species between groups had a significant influence on the community structure. BIOENV analysis showed that bottom Jiaozhou Bay.