Cyprinus carpio was studied using 35 polymorphic microsatellite loci, and the average number of effective alleleswas3.042 6. The expected heterozygosity varied from 0.375 0 to 0.827 4, with an average of 0.6493. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.396 to 0.912, with an average of 0.586 9. The results indicated rich polymorphism information content and large genetic diversity in the population. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that the population was in disequilibrium modewhich indicated that artificial selection had a great effect on the populationThe average fixation index (FIS) was 0.026, which indicated that heterozygote excess existed in the population. Bottleneck analysis illustrated that the population has experienced a bottleneck effect recently The effective population size was 31.2 as assessed by the linkage disequilibrium methodThe study illustrated that this variety has rich genetic diversity. To avoid or reduce the bottlenecks in the next reservation project, protection work should be strengthened to maintain its rich diversity and economic traits.