We conducted a comparative study of hypoxia and high-ammonia resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei after 48 hours of stress in different mating combinations of the F1 generation at the juvenile and adult stages. We set up eight mat- ing combinations of inbred and hybrid L. vannamei with six different genetic backgrounds. The results show that the sur- vival rates of the YH♀× ZX♂, SS♀ × SS♂, and HD♀ × YH♂ juvenile shrimp mating combinations were 76.23%, 74.61%, and 74.38%, which were significantly higher than those of the other mating combinations (P<0.05). Survival rates of adult shrimp under hypoxic stress were 83.08%, 65.57%, and 71.12%. Thus, these adults could be used as candidates for hy- poxia-resistant breeding. Survival rates of the YH♀ × KN♂, HD♀ × YH♂, and YH♀ × ZK♂ juvenile shrimp mating combinations were 97.71%, 86.43%, and 80.01%, which were significantly higher than those of the other mating combina- tions (P<0.05). Survival rates of the adult shrimp under high-ammonia stress were 85.53%, 74.18%, and 69.23%. Thus, these adults could be used as candidates for high-ammonia resistant breeding. Hypoxia and high ammonia resistance of the HD♀× YH♂ mating combination was high, but the correlation between hypoxia and high-ammonia resistance in the dif- ferent mating combinations was not significant. We found that if a female parent originated from the YH group, its off- spring were also hypoxia resistant, suggesting that the hypoxia resistance trait is a maternal dominant genetic trait. Hy- poxic resistance decreased during the growth and development of the shrimp. The correlation between mating combina- tions of juvenile and adult shrimp for hypoxic stress and high-ammonia stress was highly significant (P<0.01). These re- sults suggest that the hypoxia and high-ammonia resistance traits of L. vannamei should be evaluated at the juvenile stage. This study lays the foundation for developing and culturing hypoxia- and high ammonia-resistant L. vannamei strains.