(abalone, Gastropoda) is an economically important species. However, the rapid development of industrialized and intensive farming, as well as frequent hybridization and inbreeding, are gradually reducing the genetic diversity and parental effective group of hybrid abalone, thereby reducing abalone growth and quality. An effective way to improve abalone quality is to breed a new fast-growing and disease-resistant variety. Cross breeding, which increases the yield and viability of hybrid offspring heterosis, is a traditional breeding method that plays an important role in improving aquatic animals. In the present study, we constructed four self-fertilized and twelve reciprocal hybrid families from four cultured populations (Huangdao, HD; Rongcheng, RC; Japan, JP; and Dalian, DL) using a 4×4 complete diallel cross. Based on paternity testing, which was performed using eight polymorphic microsatellite markers, the growth traits, heterosis rate, growth rate, and survival of the F₁ families were compared at 1, 5, 13, and 17 months, and the hybridization efficiency was estimated. Some hybrid offspring exhibited significant growth advantages, when compared to self-fertilized families. The HDRC, HDDL, and JPDL families exhibited greater growth rates than those of other families, and the HDDL, HDJP, RCDL, JPRC, and RCHD families exhibited greater survival rates. Furthermore, the HDRC, HDDL, and DLHD families exhibited significant heterosis in growth parameters and growth rate, and the HDDL, RCDL, and DLHD families exhibited significant heterosis in survival. The heterosis of body weight, body length, and body width of the same family in the same stage and heterosis of the same trait of one family in different stages were found different in the present study, which indicates that hybrid families possess unbalanced and unstable heterosis. Differences in the gene frequency of populations are the basis of heterosis. The results of the present study suggest that there are significant genetic differences among the HD, DL, and RC populations. The superior hybrid offspring identified in the present study can be used as a germplasm reference and provide a basis for breeding new varieties of .