is the main cultured freshwater shrimp in China and has brought substantial economic benefits. However, the accumulation of inbreeding due to uncontrolled mating within the introduced population over many generations has caused a serious depression in the genetic resources of ; therefore, there is an urgent need to select effective strategies to improve the genetic gain. Many studies have reported that the open nucleus breeding system can greatly improve the genetic progress of objective traits during the breeding process of cattle and sheep; thus, this study aimed to explore the possibility of constructing an open nucleus breeding population of shrimps. In the selection process of , the multiplier population (MP) was introduced into the closed nucleus population (NP), and two hybrid populations between NP and MP populations (the cross population denoted by NP/MP, the reciprocal population denoted by MP/NP) were constructed. The NP population was used as the control, and estimated marginal means for the harvest weight and survival rate for different populations were compared using a linear mixed-effects model (LME) and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The results showed that:(1) the estimated marginal means of harvest body weight for the NP/NP, MP/NP, and NP/MP populations were 45.83 g, 49.57 g, and 46.62 g, respectively. Compared with the NP/NP population, the MP/NP and NP/MP populations increased by 8.16% and 1.72%, respectively. (2) The estimated marginal means of survival rates for the NP/NP, MP/NP, and NP/MP populations were 72.92%, 68.04%, and 66.55%, respectively. Compared with the NP/NP population, the MP/NP and NP/MP populations decreased by 6.69% and 8.74%, respectively. In conclusion, the genetic gain of harvest weight can be effectively increased by introducing foreign individuals to the NP population and constructing an open nucleus breeding system for the selective breeding of shrimp. Furthermore, the weight of survival traits should be increased when the selection index is formulated. The family presenting excellent growth and survival performance should be selected to produce the MP population, introduce the NP population, and construct the open nucleus breeding population.