A field survey of the fishes in Jiangsu reach of the Huaihe River was performed from 2016 to 2018, during which the fish community structure and diversity were analyzed. In total, 56 species were collected, belonging to 42 genera, 14 families, and 7 orders. Cypriniformes had the largest number of species, accounting for 66.07% of the total species captured. and were the first dominant species in winter, summer, autumn, and spring, respectively. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) using gill and cage nets was (1190.15±220.28) and (74.87±12.96) g/(net·d), respectively. The ranges of the Shannon-wiener index () values were 2.88-3.85, 2.75-4.74, and 0.74-0.81, respectively. Abundance-biomass curves (ABC) of the fish community indicated that the community was seriously disturbed during spring, and moderately disturbed during the other seasons. Cluster analysis showed that similarities were low (below 57.02%) in different seasons and sections. Similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) verified this conclusion, showing that the average similarities between the fish community structures in Xuyi and Jinhu were only 41.85% and 36.23%, respectively, while the average dissimilarity was up to 71.21%.