The natural population of the endangered Chinese sturgeon (), a first-class protected aquatic fish in China, declined sharply recently in the Yangtze River, because of human activities such as dam construction, overfishing, and pollution. The wild breeding groups consisted of less than 100 individuals, and the natural reproductive behavior became irregular under the Gezhou Dam, the only discovered spawning site. Since the ecological environment of the Yangtze River cannot be restored in a short time, the best way to recover the natural population is to build artificial breeding groups and release cultured fish. The Chinese sturgeon is a typical anadromous fish with large body size, a long lifespan, and a high sexual maturity age; thus, it is challenging to cultivate this fish under artificial conditions, which requires time, investment, and material resources. Since the 1970s, many conservation studies on Chinese sturgeons have been conducted. The wild Chinese sturgeon was induced successfully for the first time in 1976 in the Jinsha River, a tributary of the upper Yangtze River, by the Fisheries Investigation Team of Sichuan. In 1983, the first year after the cutoff of the river by the Gezhou Dam, the wild fish was induced successfully under the Gezhou Dam by the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute (YFI). In 1997, with the advent of the technology of large-scale juvenile fish cultivation, large-scale artificial breeding groups (the first generation, F₁) gradually established. In 2012, the artificial propagation of the F₁ generation was successfully conducted by YFI, and a second generation (F₂) was acquired for the first time. The artificial breeding groups of Chinese sturgeon have been established following more than 30 years of efforts and systematic studies and comprise individuals belonging to a certain age echelon. Previous studies indicated that the reproductive capacity of the wild Chinese sturgeon has been in decline over the past 30 years. In this study, the reproductive biology characteristics of cultured F₁ , which hatched between 1998 to 2008, were analyzed. A total of 492 fish, between the ages of 10 and 20 years, were counted. The body weight was 30 to 169 kg, the body length 140 to 258 cm, and the condition factor was 0.77 to 1.26. The relationship between body length and weight was determined as =0.9076, =492). In total, 74 fish were almost reaching gonadal maturation; the mature proportion was 15.04%. The body weight and body length of the mature male fish were (60.73±14.53) kg and (172.27±13.46) cm, respectively, and were significantly lower than the female fish with (88.39±29.14) kg and (193.37±18.90) cm, respectively. The minimum age of sexual maturation for the male fish was 10 years, with an average of (14.96±1.93) years, while the minimum age for the female was 12 years, with an average of (17.84±1.80) years. Both mature male and female fish were induced successfully every October to November from 2012 to 2018 when the water temperature was between 17.5℃ and 20.5℃. The success rate of inducing the mature male fish was 76.36%, the swirling movement time of the sperm was (49.11±13.38) s, and the sperm life was (220.75±56.47) s. The success rate of inducing the female fish was 57.89%, the egg quantity, egg diameter, and egg weight were (13.43±6.79)×10⁴ ind, (3.97±0.15) mm, and (0.046±0.013) g, respectively. The fertility rate, hatching rate, and quantity of hatched-out larvae were (42.72±27.82)%, (51.61±32.41)%, and (4.44±5.67)×10⁴ ind, respectively. Compared with wild has a smaller body size and decreased fecundity, indicating that its preservation will be faced with challenges. The fundamental data in this study will contribute to further large-scale artificial propagation of the Chinese sturgeon.