The mantle is an indispensable tissue for pearl cultivation, but the biological activity (cell proliferation and biomineralization) of donor mussel mantle of different ages has not been systematically explored. In this study, was used to investigate the proliferative activity and biomineralization capacity in mantle cells in different years. In this experiment, five groups of were selected by age, at six months and one, two, three, and four years. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of mantle cells of different ages and to calculate the cell proliferation index. Fluo-3/AM, a calcium fluorescence probe, combines with intracellular Ca²⁺ to produce fluorescence. The average fluorescence intensity of mantle cells of different ages was measured by flow cytometry fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) channel, which represented intracellular calcium concentration. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze expression of biomineralization related genes. Biomineralization-related genes included carbonic anhydrase gene (). The enzyme activities of ALP and CA were determined chemically and by ELISA, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable age of with fast proliferation and strong biomineralization ability of mantle cells. The results showed that:(a) Under the same environment, the proliferation index of two-year-old mantle cells was the largest (i.e., fastest proliferation). (b) The average fluorescence intensity of the two-year-old was the highest, in other words, the concentration of calcium ion in the mantle cells of the two-year-old gene in six-month-old mussels was significantly higher than that in older mussels (<0.05), followed by the one-year-old mussels and the two-year-old mussels. There was no significant difference between the three and four-year-old mussels, with the lowest gene expression level (<0.05). (d) The expression level of was different in mantle tissues in mussels of different ages. The highest expression level (<0.05) was found in one-year-old mussels, followed by the two-year-old mussels, and the lowest expression level (>0.05) was found in six-month-old, three and four-year-old mussels. The activity of CA was different in mantle tissue of different mussels and the activity of CA was the highest in one-year-old mussels (<0.05). Finally, it was concluded that the proliferation of mantle cells of the two-year-old mussels was the strongest and the intracellular calcium concentration was the highest. This study provides a foundation for further research on the proliferation of mantle cells in and the selection of donor mussel age for pearl culture.