This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different lipid sources and potassium iodate in diets on the growth, survival rate, liver and gut histomorphology, lipid metabolism gene expression, and microRNA expression of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle (). Four diets were prepared on the basis of fish oil (FO), fish oil + potassium iodate (FO + PI), tea seed oil (TO), and linseed oil (LO). All diets contained 10% oil and potassium iodate with the concentration of 75 mg/kg. The diets were fed to the turtles (mean body weight:5.06±0.05 g) for 66 days. The results showed that the survival rate of juvenile turtles in FO + PI and LO groups was significantly lower than that in the FO group, and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the FO + PI group and TO group was also significantly reduced. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels among the groups. Turtles fed the FO + PI diet significantly downregulated the gene expression of -23b, -499. The TO diet significantly downregulated the expression of and upregulated the expression of microRNA-23b. There were fewer lipid vacuoles in the liver cells from the FO + PI group and the TO group. In addition, the TO diet significantly altered the morphology of mucosal folds in the intestines of the turtles. It was concluded that different lipid sources and potassium iodate in the juvenile turtle diets had no significant effect on their growth. However, linseed oil and potassium iodate affected their survival rate, while tea seed oil and potassium iodate influenced lipid metabolism in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles.