Abstract:Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is an important aquaculture species, in which diploid, triploid and tetraploid forms coexist. Diploid crucian carp reproduce sexually, while both triploid and tetraploid crucian carp reproduce via gynogenesis. Because only females passed their genome to the next generation, gynogenetic fishes are usually all female and reproduce clonally. However, there are unusual high proportion of males in natural populations of triploid crucian carp. Triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) reproduce thorough gynogenesis with unusual high proportion of males in its natural population. These males have normally developed testis, which can generate viable sperm. Additionally, DNA content of sperm was about half of that of somatic cell, which indicated that meiosis has occurred during spermatogenesis of triploid crucian carp. The average DNA content of a cell population can be accurately can be determined by flow cytometry, but it is difficult to detect the change of certain chromosome in the individual sperm. To answer the question whether or not the sperm of triploid crucian carp is aneuploidy, it is necessary to quantitatively analysis the genetic composition of single sperm. In this study, microsatellite markers were used to genotype a hybrid family between female common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus), the results are were as follow: the alleles of dam Cyprinus carpio showed mendelian segregation patterns in the offspring; the sire triploid Carassius auratus contained three genomes of Carassius spp. and alleles of the sire showed random segregation patterns. These results suggested that: triploid crucian carp originated from diploid crucian carp by autoduplication, rather than the hybridization between diploid Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus. Our results also indicated that; triploid crucian carp generated aneuploid sperm by random segregation of chromosomes which is similar to other triploid fishes, rather than generated reduced sperm through equal meiosis. In a wordsummary, triploid Carassius auratuscrucain carp is a unique bi-sexual fish that reproduce by gynogenensis but did not originate from interspecific hybridization.

Abstract:In order to probe the feasibility of culturing insert-nucleus pearl in visceral mass of freshwater oyster, the different sites of visceral mass were inserted with nucleus in . The morphology, formation and nacre deposition of the pearl sac or insert-nucleus positions were observed after inserting nucleus to confirm inserting-nucleus sites of beneficial pearl formation. The 5 locations in visceral mass were chosen (I: front foot-visceral mass, II: middle foot-visceral mass, III: near reproduction gland, IV: near stomach, V: near kidney), and mussel was inserted nucleus at these locations. The pearl sac of was sampled in the days of 20th, 50th, 90th, and 150th (thd) with operating nucleus, respectively. Then, the formation and pearl formation were observed by the methods of HE staining and paraffin section. were formed firstly in 20thd after inserting , which was secondary pearl sac. Postoperative 50thd, similar pearl sac epithelial cells were formed at inserting nucleus positions of groups I, II and III, while they was not been detected at these positions of group IV or V. The large granular was found at epithelial cells front of groups II and III. Postoperative 90 thd, a large number of intercellular spaces were observed at pearl sac of groups I and III. Epidermal cells with multi-nucleus were increased in groups I and II, and the numbers of granular matter of were increased in epithelial cells of groups II and III. But, the stratified squamous epithelium cells were formed in operating positions of groups IV and V. Postoperative 150 thd, intercellular spaces were decreased in pearl sec of groups I and III. Amass of microvillus were found at epithelial cell free-end of pearl sac in group II. Meanwhile, cell nucleuses were increasing and granular matter were decreasing in groups II or III compared to 90 thd. As the same time, treatmentbut these did not appear in group V. The were breed with inserting nucleus. The nacre was obvious on the inserted-nucleus surface in groups I, II or III at postoperative 50 thd, 90 thd, and 150 thd. the depositional nacre was evenly distributed for groups II and III, but group I did not. The thickness of pearls lay in group II than them in groups I and III <0.05; 0.62 mm±0.07 mm, 0.56 mm± 0.03 mm). Otherwise, there wasn’t nacre deposition on the nucleus surface of groups IV and V. This study confirmed that the formation of the pearl sac epithelial cells existed obviously difference by inserting nucleus in different position of . The complete pearl sac structure could be formed at different sites for middle foot-visceral mass was conducive to pearl growth. This research provided the practical and theoretical foundation for cultivating freshwater pearl in visceral mass.

Abstract:has significant ecological and economic value. Research on its digestive physiology provides insights into its ecological conservation and artificial breeding. The histological structure of the digestive tract of was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The mucosa of the oropharyngeal cavity stratified squamous epithelium with some goblet cells and taste buds, and many micro-ridges on the surface of the epithelial cells. The mucosa of the esophagus formed abundant folds. Some localized areas of epithelium were composed of simple columnar cells, and there were many large goblet cells. The‘┫’-shaped stomach may be divided into three regions, cardiac, caecum and pyloric. The cardiac and caecum regions contained more gastric glands, while gastric glands were not found in the pyloric and terminal caecum regions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous gastric pits in the gastric internal surface. The intestine of was short (Intestinal Coefficient 0.33), and the number of mucous cells gradually increased from the anterior to the posterior intestine. On the other hand, the number of microvilli and cilia was significantly reduced from the foregut to the hindgut. The sharp teeth, abundant goblet cells in the esophagus, lower intestinal coefficient, and significant stomach-intestine structural differentiation indicated that is a typical carnivorous fish.

Abstract:S. chuatsi missing the best growing season, data of body mass, total length, body length, body depth, head length, eye diameter, tail length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle depth were collected from at 2 to 6 months of age in this study. The morphological traits were analyzed by principal component and discriminant analysis. The results showed that there are different degrees of correlation among all the morphological traits at different age phases, the relationships between body mass and total length and body length and body depth are relatively higher, and that between eye diameter and other traits is relatively lower.S. chuatsi at all the age phases. The second principal componentat different months of age are different. The second principal component reflects the development of eyes from 2 to 4 months of age, while that reflects the development of head and tail at 5 and 6 months of age, respectively. The month age closely related to the size of which has missed the best growing period can be typed by employing the discriminant equations established in this paper, the method is stepwise discrimination analysis and the result shows 98.87% of accuracy. The body length-mass relation equation is which demonstrate that the body mass and length of that body mass, body length and body depth are the most important morphological traits in the early growth stage of established the discriminant equations in the early growth stage of S. chuatsi grow in similar velocity. This paper provides theoretical evidence and perfect measure targets for breeding of in the early growth stage in aquaculture

Abstract:is an important mariculture species in China. In aquaculture environments ammonia is a common toxic substance. higher frequencies of ammonia nitrogen toxicity in shrimps have been reported. Thereforeit is necessary to investigate ammonia metabolism by. As an important member of the AAT-like familythe enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) is involved in many aspects of ammonia metabolism including participating in inosine monophosphate transdeamination, detailed understanding of the regulation of GOT is of great significance. In this studywe successfully cloned the aspartate aminotransferase cDNA of -untranslated region(UTR) of 83 bp, protein exhibited typical AAT-like family features-phosphate binding sites suggesting that it belongs to the AAT-I superfamily. Homology analysis revealed that the amino acid sequence of was highly conserved with its homologs of other arthropods. The similarities of respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that . Tissue expression analysis showed that heart and lymph. The highest expression level of FcGOT in chinensis, 48 and 72 h after exposure to different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen. The expression of the gene was significantlydifferent compared with the control group (and the expression conditions differed between hepatopancreas and gill. In hepatopancreasps were exposed to 16and down-regulated after treatment with 4 mg/L ammonia-N for 48 h. In gill tissueambient ammonia stress and reached a peak at 12The reason for the discrepant expression between the two tissues may be that the gene expressions were affected by organizational distance. The results imply that metabolism and be involved in responses to acute ammonia stress.

Abstract:We studied the effects of different temperatures, light intensity and salinity on the specific growth rate, dry weight, ture, light intensity and salinity all had a significant effect on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and photosynthetic oxygen evolution. The most suitable salinity 20?0, respectively. The optimal growth temperature and salinity was 20℃ and 30 the temperature was above 25℃, or the light intensity was higher than 200 μmol穖 ^{was less than 10 or higher than 50, the blades would Sargassum vachellianum could accumulate more photosynthetic pigment when the temperature was between 10?0℃ or the light intensity was at 20?0or the salinity was at 20?0. When , and salinity 30, photosynthetic oxygen evolution from the blades was highest, about 258.50 μmol穖g. Compared with the lower light intensity, the higher light intensity inhibited photosynthetic oxygen evolution. The results provide a theoretical basis for cultivation and restoration of}

Abstract:Major histocompatibility complex is a genetic region of the chromosome. It consists of a series of closely linked highly polymorphic loci that stimulate the body’s immune response by encoding a class of cell surface transmembrane protein that binds to T lymphocytes and presents endogenous and exogenous antigens to it. Based on the techniques of homology cloning and RACE-PCRα was cloned from Nile tilapia. In additionere also analyzed. The total length of MHC1α cDNA was 1 553 bpwhich the ORF (open reading frame) was 1 053 bp in length. Sequence analysis showed that the deduced protein sequence of MHC Іα included a leader peptide teleosts and mammals. Six different MHC Іα cDNA sequences were obtained from six individuals. six MHC Іα cDNA sequences. This indicates that MHC Іα cDNA has abundant polymorphism. qPCR detected the highest expression level of MHC Іα in spleen and heartskin and muscle. Different changes were found in the expressions of MHC Іα mRNA in the gill. The findings provide useful information for further investigation to select a disease resistant molecular marker of Nile tilapia using MHC I

Abstract:) belongs to the Acipenseridae which is one of the oldest families of fishes. Sterlet are suitable for large scale aquaculture as they will breed in captivity. Despite their relatively small body size (maximum body length 1 m and mass of 20 kg), starlet are of great interest to fishermen, fish farmers, and consumers due to the excellent taste of their meat and caviar. Androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor of androgens, is important for sexual differentiation, gonadal maturation, reproductive behavior, and maintenance of male sexual characteristics. This study on focused on the sequencing and characterization of cDNA encoding, and the expression of . The full length of cDNA mRNA expression was detected using real-time the AR was 2 953 bp in length, including a 68 bp 5′ terminal untranslation region(UTR) AR precursor protein was encoded by 843 amino acids and had a predicted molecular weight of 94.24 kD. Alignment analysis showed that the sequence was 99%, 98%, 83%, 83% and 81% similar to those of Oncorhynchus mykiss, , respectively, and the coding sequence had a higher homology with fish. Several domains present in all cloned . The domains corresponded to an amino-terminal hypervariable transcriptional activation domain (TAD), a central highly conserved DNA-binding domain(DBD), and a carboxy-terminal ligand-binding domain(LBD). Percentages of homology-similarity among these functional domains in teleost fish ranged between 60% and 80% for the LBD, 70% and 99% for the DBD, and 10% and 60% for the TAD when compared with those of sterlet. Application of real-time qPCR found that AR mRNA was expressed in all experimental tissues. Male and female fish all had a high expression level in gonad, muscle and kidney, and low expression levels in other tissues. AR gene mRNA was expressed widely in sterlet tissues, suggesting that it plays an important role in growth and reproduction.

Abstract:) with initial body weight of (15.30?.03) g were fed experimental diets supplemented with six small peptide levels of 0% (control group), 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5%. Three replicates were used for each group with 30 fish per replicate. The experiment lasted for 56 days. In addition to the amylase activities of the hepatopancreas, digestive enzyme activity in three tissues (stomach, intestine and hepatopancreas) of P. ), which showed a trend of an early increase and later decrease with the small peptide levels increasing. The small peptides significantly reduced the (MDA) content of the hepatopancreas and serum (<), and increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of serum in the 1.0% and 1.5% small peptide groups. There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of the hepatopancreas (>). SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of serum in the1.0% and 1.5% small peptide groups, and GR of serum in the 0.75% and 1.0% groups were all significantly higher than in the control group (<). The phenylalanine content in the experimental groups was significantly higher than in the control group (<>). ∑PUFA in the 0.75% and 1.0% groups, and DHA and EPA in the 0.50% and 1.0% groups were all significantly higher than the control group (>). Overall, appropriate small peptide supplementation can effectively enhance digestive enzyme activities and antioxidative capability of and improve the fish quality to some extent.

Abstract:Research on exogenous gene function in cultured cell line cells is guaranteed by two biological processes, efficient gene transduction and errorless gene expression. Fish cells are not easy for exogenous gene transduction and expression depending on the gene delivery method used and the transgene promoter. CPPs), such as the CPP of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAT protein, poly-arginine (6–12 residues), and the CPP derived from flock house virus (FHV), peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides into mammalian cells to modulate biological activities inside cellsAlthough it has been shown that CPPs can mediate efficient delivery into a wide variety of mammalian cell types, the transduction of proteins to cultured fish cells is considered more challenging. rupies in the form of recombinant proteins by introducing spermary cell line cells in vitro. Cells treated with proteins below 8 μg/mL induced no or minor toxic effects while higher concentrations gave rise to cytotoxicity. The transduction efficiency of the recombinant protein with 6 His tag, evaluated by western blotting using an anti-His antibody, reached a maximum level at 8 μg/mL and in a dose responsive fashion. Based upon the optimal concentration of proteins for transduction, Sox2-11R-H6 in TRS cells was further imaged using a fluorescence microscope. The recombinant protein Sox2-11R-H6was detected in the cytoplasm and even in the nucleus. Taken together, the value of the 11R translocation domain in facilitating the routing of proteins to the cytosol of cultured fish cells was confirmed. However, whether the functionality of the transcription factor was disturbed by addition of this domain in the construct needs further exploration. The subcellular localization of transduced proteins may depend on the nature of imported proteins, the cell type, and delivery approach. As a transcription factor, must contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS) so that it can be transported to the nucleus to bind to its target octamer motif and transactivate its target genes. Our observation that fluorescence intensity was higher in the nucleus than cytoplasm, indicates that the exogenous protein Sox2 enters the fish nucleus. Further experiments are needed to decide whether nuclear location ofSox2-11R-H6 was facilitated by a nuclear localization signal or the cell penetrating peptide.

Abstract:, a eurythermal and euryhaline species, is a commercially exploited crab inhabiting the southeastern coast of China. In recent years, mud crab aquaculture has suffered as a result of unsettled weather, which has led to a seasonal temperature and salinity changes in the sea water. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in by examining the expression of adenine nucleotide translocase 2 () at different temperatures and salinities. ANT belongs to the mitochondrial carrier superfamily (MCF). It is the most abundant inner membrane protein of the mitochondrion and is responsible for the transport of ADP and ATP in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix through the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this study, the relative expression of mRNA was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at different temperatures carapace width 3.7–5.8 cm, body weight 80–100 g) was expressed mRNA was lowest in the hepatopancreas, at a medium level in muscle, and highest in the gill, and the results indicated that the expression of mRNA decreased generally, but at 15℃the expression of <0.05)at different temperatures demonstrated that it might be associated with energy metabolism, and participate in stress responses at a certain range of low temperatures, stimulating in the mud crab. At the same temperature, the expression of at a salinity of 10 was significantly higher than at the higher salinity of 35 (<0.05), which indicated low salinity might be helpful for metabolism in mud crabs, enhancing cold resistance.ment to some extent.

Abstract:) was cloned and sequenced from) strains developed by successive and directional selective breeding. In addition, the under low temperature treatments Sequence analysis showed that Nile tilapia untranslated region (UTR), a 783 bp open reading frame (ORF) and a 279 bp 3 UTR. Multiple alignment and homological analysis revealed Nile tilapia AQP1 protein shared high levels of amino acid identity with AQP1 from Rhabdosargus sarba (92%), Anguilla anguilla (83%), (59%) and (59%). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with the deduced amino acid sequences of . As expected from the sequence alignment, tilapia AQP 1 first, and then clustered with the other teleost species. To investigate the , we examined the expression of mRNA at different temperatures (30) for 48 h using mRNA levels in the muscle and liver from 20radually from 30℃ to 10℃. In the muscle of the cold-tolerant tilapia strain, and were , and then at 10The expression of the gene in the control group was followed by reduced expression at 10℃ which induced an 11.30 foldAQP1 muscle under cold stress were significantly different between the cold-tolerant tilapia strain and the control groupAQP1 mRNA expressions were 3.38 and 1.42 fold , 18.85 and 9.01 fold . This showed that cold stress had no significant effects on liver mRNA expression between the cold-tolerant tilapia strain and the control group (AQP1 is sensitive to tempera tilapia strainAQP1 at low temperatures. These results suggest that the gene plays an important role in low temperature acclimation and might be one of the cold tolerance-related genes in Nile tilapia. The present results provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and fish stress resistance breeding.

Abstract:A 155-day enclosure experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of co-cultured fish species combination (either the combination of grass carpAristichthys nobilis or the combination of silver carp and bighead carp) and formulated feed supplement regime (with or without feed supplement) on phytoplankton community in the enclosures with integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel and fishes. Four treatments, including stocking of grass carp, gibel carp, silver carp and bighead carp with formulated feed supplement (GISB-F ), stocking of grass carp, gibel carp, silver carp and bighead carp without formulated feed supplement (GISB-NF), stocking of silver carp and bighead carp with formulated feed supplement (SB-F), stocking of silver carp and bighead carp without formulated feed supplement (SB-NF), were examined. In each enclosure, 20 mussel, 15 grass carp, 5 gibel carp, 5 silver carpand 5 bighead carp were stocked, respectively. Results showed that the phytoplankton biomass ranged from 3.7 × 10⁸ to 6.0 × 10⁸ cell·L^-1 during the experiment. No significant differences were found in the species composition, biomass and biodiversity index of phytoplankton, dominance index of the dominant species, and the ratio of cyanobacteria biomass to phytoplankton biomass between enclosures GISB-F, GISB-NF, SB-F and SB-NF. However, the concentration of chlorophyll a was higher in the enclosures fed formulated feed than in the enclosures without formulated feed supplement. dominant species of phytoplankton was green algae () at the end of the experiment, suggesting the trend of occurrence of blue-green algae bloom. The factors that significantly influenced the alteration of community structure of phytoplankton included water temperature (T), ammonia (NH₃-N), total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn). This result indicated that the changes of co-cultured species combination and formulated feed supplement could not change the trend that blue-green algal bloom finally occurred in the enclosures since NH₃-N, TN and COD_Mn increased with the progress of the experiment.

Abstract:to N or P deficiency, and its compensatory growth under normal nutrient conditions (f/2 culture media) were studied. Two experimental treatments that included a nutrient deficiency period and a period without nutrient stress, were conducted. First, was cultured for 10 days under nutrient stress that included, poor nutrients, N deficiency, P deficiency, and N plus P deficiency, while normal nutrient conditions (f/2 culture media) served as a control. Second, nutrient stress was removed, and the treated and control groups were cultured for another ten days at the same inoculation density and a sufficient nutrient supply, simultaneously. Cell density, growth rate, relative growth rate, generation time and Chlorophyll-a was determined during the two periods. The results indicated that nutrient stress has an inhibitory effect on cell growth. Phosphorus deficiency had the least inhibitory effect, whereas N plus P deficiency had a comparatively large inhibitory effect. There was a significant difference (<0.05) in the growth condition of algal cells between the treated and control groups. Maximum cell densities of the control, poor nutrients, N deficiency, P deficiency, and N plus P deficiency groups were 83×10⁴ cell·mL^–1, 32×10⁴ cell·mL^–1, 43×10⁴ cell·mL^–1, 78×10⁴ cell·mL^–1 and 29×10⁴ cell·mL^–1, respectively. Maximum , 0.54 d^–1and 0.51 d^–1; maximum average relative growth rates were 0.61 d^–1, ; minimum generation times were 1.13 d, 1.76 d, 1.58 d, 1.58 d and 2.00 d, and maximum chlorophyll-content a was 723.7 μg·μL^–1, 286.4 μg·μL^–1, 427.1 μg·μL^–1, 694.2 μg·μL^–1 and 292.9 μg·μL^–1, respectively. During the periods when nutrient stress was removed, it was found that after being subjected to nutrient stress, had the ability of compensatory growth, particularly in the P deficiency treatment. There was a significant difference (<0.05) in the growth condition of algal cells between the treated and the control groups. The main characteristic of compensatory growth of was that the treated group had a higher average relative growth rate, a greater number of cells, and higher chlorophyll-a content than the control group in the initial culture time. In addition, the maximal rate range of net cell increase was 0.30%–80.95%, and the generation time of the cells was shorter. As the culture time proceeded, the difference between the treated group and the control group decreased. Eventually, all parameters of the treated and control groups were similar. These results showed that has over-compensatory growth under conditions of nutrient stress, particularly during P deficiency. This might be the cause of harmful algal blooms in the China Seas, which are P deficient year-round.

Abstract:Based on the data from three oceanographic surveys in onshore waters of the Central Taiwan Strait during autumn 2009, spring and summer 2010, shrimp density, horizontal distribution, and dominant species were studied, along with hydrological features. The biomass of shrimp was greatest in autumn (135.45 kg/km²), followed by spring (96.77 kg/km²), and then summer (88.02 kg/km²). By contrast, density was greatest in summer (34.55×10³ ind/km²) and autumn (33.65×10³ ind/km²), and least in spring (18.95×10³ ind/km²). The dominant species, left their winter grounds in early May and migrated to offshore waters. The higher biomass when abundance was low was a result of greater individual weight. In summer, shrimp were mainly smaller individuals that grew rapidly, resulting in an escalating abundance and declining biomass. After feeding, individuals increased in biomass and the peak in abundance primarily consisted of (IRI values of 6 733.05 and 10 552.82) and (IRI values of 10 536.11 and 5 981.94) were the dominant species in spring and autumn. In summer, (IRI=4 236.10) and β value, the main dominant species in autumn, contributed 1.11 and 0.84 to total biomass and individual density, respectively, and contributed 0.74 and 0.78 in autumn. The seasonal change of shrimp density was correlated with the dominant species, which also had the same horizontal distribution. The shrimp in this area were composed mainly of eurythermal and euryhaline species which were not affected by environmental changes. The shrimp fishery in the central Taiwan Strait has development potential because of the economically valuable species Solenocera melantho

Abstract:Jiaozhou Bay is an important spawning and feeding ground for many commercially important species. However, intensive fishing has had significant effects on its fishery resources. The marine species living in this bay have decreased sharply over several decades. Despite the importance and drastic changes in this bay, little information is available about the feeding habits of most fish species inhabiting this area. Stable isotope analysis has become a powerful tool for studying the feeding habits of fishes. The stable carbon isotope composition of consumers shows the derivation of food, while the nitrogen isotope composition indicates the trophic level in the food web. The method can overcome some of the limitations associated with traditional stomach contents analysis. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were employed to explore the feeding habits of in Jiaozhou Bay based on samples collected from a bottom trawl survey in May 2011. ranged from10.14‰ to 15.50‰ (12.83‰±1.10‰), and from−21.52‰ to −18.14‰ (−20.42‰±0.73‰), respectively. The main food sources ofTrachypenaeus curvirostris, L. planirostrand zooplankton were the most important prey items for , accounting for 47%−66% and 35%−40% of food composition, respectively. A Pearson correlation test indicated that there was significant positive relationship between the standard length of <0.05), while no significant correlation was found between standard length and in different size classes being 3.65±0.14. The trophic levels did not increase with the size classes. Compared with previous studies, the food composition and trophic levels of had experienced great changes, and the fluctuation of prey sources and the difference in analysis methods might be the main reason. Furthermore, the variations in trophic levels were also related to the difference in isotope baseline, isotope enrichment, sample size, and standard length of

Abstract:A two-factorial experiment was designed to study the effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, and 25–^{Gracilaria chouae. And the determination of the relative growth rate, photosynthetic pigment content, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content and other indicators were carried out. The results showed that temperature, light intensity, and their interactions had significant effects on the growth of andthe effects of temperature was greater than those of light intensity. A higher growth rate of and 20·d–1. both temperature and light intensity had significant effects on the In general, the photosynthetic pigment contents of increased with the rise of temperature, while it increased initially and then dropped down with the rise of light intensity. The contents of phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC), allophycocyanin (APC), and chlorophyll a were 1.12 mg/g, 0.272 mg/g, 0.216 mg/g and 1.82mg/g separately when the light intensity was 120 μmol·m–2·s–1 and temperature was 25Temperature, light intensity, and their interactions had significant effects on the SOD and MDA contents of And the effect of temperature on the content of MDA was greater than that of light intensity. The MDA content of increased initially and then dropped down with increating light intensity and temperature.The content of SOD increased with increasing temperature and light intensity. And light intensity was the main factor affecting the SOD content of}

Abstract:In 2012-2013, a serious infectious disease characterized by exophthalmia, hemorrhage, and neurological symptoms emerged in farms in Sichuan Province. A Gram-positive, chain-forming coccus was found in liver and kidney smears. Two strains of Gram-positive, chain-forming cocci were isolated from the diseased fish. The colonies had a smooth-surface and were white, circular, regular and pin-head sized after incubation at 28 for 48 h on brain heart infusion (BHI). Artificial infection proved that the isolates were the pathogen of the disease. It was primarily identified to be according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Furthermore, a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis by BLAST in GenBank indicated that the two isolates showed high levels of similarity to (more than 96.5%). A phylogenetic tree was constructed comparing the 16S rDNA sequences of both isolates (GenBank accession number KF773744 and KF761304) to other related bacterial species in the GenBank database. In the phylogenetic tree the two isolates and other strains constituted a branch. In addition, the two isolates were positive in a specific PCR detection of gene. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, and specific PCR detection, both . The sensitivity results showed that both strains were sensitive to doxycycline, amoxicillin, cephalothin V, ofloxacin and levofloxacin, but showed some difference in sensitivity to neomycin and amikacin. Histopathologically, the infection could cause serious pathological changes in multi-organs and tissues, especially in liver, kidney and brain. The main pathologic lesions were degeneration, necrosis and infiltration of the inflammation cells. Electron microscopical examination found that bacteria could invade hepatocytes, renal cells and neurons, causing destruction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract:Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are ubiquitous small disulfide oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in response to oxidative stress and regulation of growth and development. Howeverthe structural features and function of Grxs in marine invertebrates are still unknown compared with those of and xamined tissueswhich is consistent with the viewpoint that the hepatopancreas and gills are the most important organs in the host immune defense and detoxification systems. Bacterial challenging significantly up-regulated, transcripts may be associated with increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is generated after apathogen challenge. hepatopancreasresults showed an obviously concentration-dependent increase. The highest expression level for (34.87 fold) in hepatopancreas was observed after 80 μg/L Cd exposure for 30 days. More or less compatible transcriptional modulation patterns were also experienced in several organismsCd can induce oxidative stress by increasing levels of ROS. The increase in V. philippinarumcould be induced by the production of ROS generated by Cdsuggesting aGrx protective role in the defense against oxidative stress. mRNA decreased sharply (0.03 fold at 0.8 and 80 μg/L Cd were increased significantly (4.77 fold at 0.8 μg/L Cds gene expression highlighted the fact that these isoenzymes probably played divergent physiological roles during the detoxification of Cd in hemocytes of . Future studies should explore the diverse expression patterns of after exposure to Cd. In conclusionthese results suggested that VpGrx1 and VpGrx2 may be important proteins involved in host immune defense and heavy metal detoxification.

Abstract:Cultured shrimps are often exposed to different toxearing practices that may affect survival and quality of the product.Alexandrium tamarense, a dinoflagellate producing paralytic shellfish poison, on Chinese shrimp, A mouse bioassay (MBA) method was used to determine the toxicity of the extract from A. tamarense on studied. In addition, histopathology observation was conducted in gill and hepatopancreas after 96 h exposure to 1.0×10⁴ cells·mL⁻¹ and intramuscular injection with 20 µL the extract from was low, which was 3.950 of was , the safe concentrations were obtained, which was and the extract could cause some abnormal histological changes in gill and hepatopancreas, respectively, such as cellular swelling and vacuolated. Our study revealed that . Accordingly, the concentration of in the prawn ponds should be controlled below cells/mL at leastexposure. The lesions in the gills of that impedes the occurrence of gaseous interchanges isthemostlikelycauseofshrimp death after could cause thelesions in the hepatopancreas of

Abstract:To explore otolith deposition with alizarin red S (ARS) immersed with conditions of different concentrations (10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L) and the time gradient (8 h, 16 h, 24 h, 32 h), as well as its marking results’ dynamic changes of different relaying days, artificial breeding chum salmon () at the latter period of embryos were researched as immersing objects.This study tried for the protection of chum salmon with the approach of supplement for flag discharges, assessment for the releasing effects and provision for technical reference.The results showed that the sagittal and lapillus otoliths can be marked well, they all had great marked results detected with visible light and green laser light.The visible light marks were gradually weakened with the extension of sampling time, and were almost disappeared at the 80 d. And they were preserved with a long fluorescence intensity under the green laser without any sign of abating. Fitting curves were tried to express the relationship between the marking value and concentration for each series of time points. Combined with security assessments, the suitable group marking conditions for chum salmon otoliths at the stage of embryos were drawed, it was that lying the eggs with ARS immersed at the concentration of 25.9 mg/L to 40 mg/L , the time of 15.6 h to 24 h, and they must satisfy conditions that coordinates under the curve of quadratic function means concentration). The new increased number of grain rounds were significantly correlated with cultured days in linear shape, and correlation equations of sagittal and lapillus otoliths were 0.965 and 0.924, which indicated that from embryos

Abstract:) is one of China’s major economic sea fish because of its high commercial value. In recent years, as the scale of aquaculture has expanded and the environment has deteriorated, large yellow croaker diseases have occurred frequently. Healthy culture of large yellow croaker is closely linked to the bacteria in aquaculture environments because bacteria degrade organic pollutants and play important roles in material transformation and energy flow in mariculture systems. Therefore, it is important to monitor bacterial composition in aquaculture environments to ensure sustainable development of healthy large yellow croaker. In this study, 16S rDNA was used as a molecular marker to explore bacterial community structure in large yellow croaker cage culture water by clone library construction, Restriction Fragment Length Polym­orphism (RFLP) analysis, and sequence analysis. Samples were collected from Sandu Bay Fufa aquaculture base in Ningde, Fujian province. Water samples from 5 cultivation cages were mixed and 3 liters of this mixed water were filtered to enrich the bacteria. Total DNA was extracted and used for PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes using the bacterial universal primers 27F and 1 492R, and then the 16S rDNA clone library was constructed. From the clone library of the water sample, 154 clones were picked randomly. A total of 137 positive clones and 92 RFLP patterns were obtained from the clone library. Representative clones were sequenced, and the results revealed a high bacterial genetic diversity. Idiomarina was the second dominant group. In addition, , were also present. The results provide a foundation for investigating the relationship between healthy aquaculture of