Abstract:Lysophosphaticly lcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is an important lipid metabolic enzyme. In order to clarify the function of HcLPCAT1 gene in carotenoid metabolism and the correlation of HcLPCAT1 gene with the shell nacre color in Hyriopsis cumingii. The cDNA full-length sequence of HcLPCAT1 gene in H. cumingii was cloned by RACE. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to analyze the expression pattern of HcLPCAT1 in different tissues. The effect of HcLPCAT1 on carotenoid metabolism was determined by supplementary feeding experiment. The direct sequencing method was used to screen the SNP sites related to inner shell color in the HcLPCAT1 gene. The results showed that the full-length cDNA of HcLPCAT1 was 1675bp with a 1296bp-long open reading frame (ORF) encoding 431 amino acids. HcLPCAT1 was expressed in the white and purple mussel tissues, with the expression levels being higher in the purple mussel than in the white mussel, and there was significant difference (P＜0.05) between hepatopancreas and fringe mantle. The situ hybridization analysis showed that the positive signal of HcLPCAT1 located at the outer fold of mantle, dorsal mantle, ventral mantle, the joint of outer fold and middle fold of mantle and part of middle fold. After supplementation with β-carotene to purple mussel, the expression of HcLPCAT1 gene in hepatopancreas, middle mantle and fringe mantle increased significantly (P＜0.01), and total carotenoids content (TCC) in these tissues also increased significantly (P＜0.01). The genotypes of five SNP sites on the HcLPCAT1 gene were identified to be significantly correlated with the inner shell color parameters of H. cumingii. Haplotype analysis revealed that the H1 and H3 were the dominant haplotypes in the purple mussel, and the H3, H5 and H6 were the dominant haplotypes in the white mussel. The HcLPCAT1 gene identified in this study provides a molecular basis for analyzing the carotenoid metabolism and shell color formation of H. cumingii. The selected SNPs and haplotypes of HcLPCAT1 gene related to inner shell color can be used in molecular assisted breeding.

Abstract:In mammals and birds, sex is mainly determined by master sex-determination genes on sex chromosomes, which are essential genetic switches controlling sex determination and gonadal differentiation. The sex-determination genes, such as Sry (Sex-determining region Y), Dmrt1 (Doublesex and Mab-3 related transcription factor 1) and DM-W (W-linked DM-domain) genes, are highly conserved in higher vertebrates. In lower vertebrates such as teleost fishes, sex determination can be divided into three categories: genetic sex determination, environmental sex determination and combination of the both. Until now, Dmy/Dmrt1bY (the DM-domain gene on the Y chromosome), Sox3^Y (Sry-related high-mobility group box transcription factor 3 on Y chromosome) and Gsdf^Y (gonadal soma derived growth factor on the Y chromosome) have been identified as Sex-determination genes in fishes. In invertebrates, DM domain-containing genes, such as the Dsx, (doublesex) gene first isolated in Drosophila melanogaster, which was differentially spliced between males and females, are found to be involved in regulating the differentiation of sex-specific cell types. Dmrt1 and other DM-domain containing genes seem to be the major sex-determination genes across metazoan animals. Molluscan reproduction has been an interesting issue in biological research owing to the diverse reproduction strategies evolved in this phylum. In bivalve molluscs, most are dioecism, and some are lifelong hermaphroditic (e.g., bay scallop), and yet some are capable of sex reversal (e.g., Pacific oyster). In addition, the sex of many dioecious bivalves, such as Pinctada fucata and Chlamys nobilis, is not stable and often shows hermaphroditism and sexual reversal. As the importance of sex control in commercial bivalve breeding is concerned, further studies on molecular mechanisms of sex determination and gonad differentiation in molluscs are definitely warranted. To date, there is no clear evidence for the existence of sex chromosomes in bivalves, and whether their sex is controlled by a major gene or multiple genes is still inconclusive. Although some research has been conducted in different bivalves, most have focused on genes homologous to key sex-related genes in model species. For instance, some male-determining genes, including Dmrt, SoxE (Sry-box E), SoxH and Dsx, as well as female-determining genes, including β-catenin, Wnt4 (Wingless-type MMTV integration site family), FoxL2 (forkhead box transcription factor) and its natural antisense transcript FoxL2os, have been reported in some bivalves. Furthermore, genome-wide studies on sex-determining pathways in molluscs are rare due to lack of reference genomes. Dmrt1 is an evolutionarily conserved gene playing vital roles in sex determination from lower vertebrates to mammals. The cDNA sequences of Dmrt1 were obtained from Argopecten irradians irradians by PCR and bioinformatics methods. The expression patterns of AiDmrt1 in different tissues and at different gonadal, embryonic and larval developmental stages were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the expression characteristics of gonad development-related genes were detected in the AiDmrt1-knockdown testis combined with RNA interference (RNAi) technique. Results showed that the open reading frame of AiDmrt1 was 918 bp encoding 305 amino acids, and the deduced amino acid sequence contained a conserved DM domain. The mRNAs of AiDmrt1 were specifically expressed in testis, reaching a peak value in the testis at growing stage. Compared with fertilized eggs stage, no significant difference in expression levels of AiDmrt1 was observed before the blastula stage, while the expression levels increased significantly at the gastrula stage. When AiDmrt1 was knocked down, testis development-related genes (Sox7 and Sox11) were significantly up-regulated while the expression of Dmrt4 was found to be down-regulated. However, the expression of ovary development-related genes (FoxL2, Wnt4, β-catenin, GATA-1 and GATA-3) was up-regulated significantly. These findings suggested that AiDmrt1 was a testis-specific gene in A. irradians irradians, which was involved in regulation of gonadal development and differentiation in the bay scallop.

Abstract:Notothenioide is the dominant species in the Southern Ocean. Due to its high degree of specialization in morphological characteristics and physiological adaptation, the small size of most species and the difficulty in obtaining samples, the traditional morphological classification method has great limitations. DNA barcode technology provides the standard of genetic taxonomy and effective molecular taxonomy, and is the improvement, development and innovation of traditional taxonomy methods, which is helpful to accurately locate the specimens that need to be re-identified in morphology. 97 Antarctic fish samples were obtained from Antarctic krill fisheries in CCAMLR 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 sub regions. By morphological analysis and DNA barcoding, these samples were identified as 17 effective species belonging to 17 genera and 4 families of Notothenioide. Only 6 species were identified according to morphological characteristics, and the other 11 species were identified accurately according to DNA barcoding. So DNA barcoding can effectively identify species in the case of lack of morphological identification experience or incomplete sample morphology. Then, 97 DNA barcodes of Notothenioide were analyzed. It was found that the highest GC content in the first codon and the lowest GC content in the second codon were the unique phenomenon of Notothenioide. However, its biological significance needs to be further studied. A phylogenetic tree of 81 species of fishes belonging to 39 genera and 4 families was constructed by combining the DNA barcodes of 17 species collected in this study with 64 species screened by bold. This is the most abundant molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Notothenioide up to now. Genetic distance and phylogenetic tree analysis further proved the applicability and feasibility of DNA barcoding for species identification of Notothenioide. In addition, it was found that the molecular phylogenetic relationship and morphological taxonomy position of individual species of Notothenioide were inconsistent. The results of this study confirmed the efficiency of DNA barcoding technology in the identification of suborder taxa of Antarctic fish, made up for the limitations and shortcomings of traditional morphological identification methods, enriched the DNA barcoding database of Antarctic fish, laid the foundation for the study of Antarctic fish diversity and adaptive evolution, and provided scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of Antarctic fishery resources.

Abstract:基于大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)全长转录组数据, 克隆测序获得大口黑鲈 MsDmrt3cDNA 序列, 其开放阅读框为 1245 bp, 共编码 474 个氨基酸, 含有高保守的 DM 结构域和 DMA 结构域, 且 DM 结构域有 2 个保守的锌指样结合位点。蛋白三维预测结构与人(Homo sapiens)和青鳉(Oryzias latipes)的 DMRT3 相似。结合大口黑鲈基因组数据分析显示, MsDmrt3 位于基因组 7 号染色体上, 基因序列 3353 bp, 由 2 个外显子与 1 个内含子组成。进化树聚类分析显示, MsDMRT3 属于 DMRT3 家族, 且可能与低等节肢动物 Dmrt93B 起源于共同的原始 DMRT。对大口黑鲈 14 种组织以及 8 个发育时期的 MsDmrt3 基因的表达情况进行定量分析, 结果显示 MsDmrt3 基因在成熟个体的脊髓中高表达, 精巢和眼次之, 但在卵巢和肝脏几乎不表达; MsDmrt3 在各发育时期均有表达, 在 6 dpf 前呈逐渐上调趋势, 之后逐渐下调至最低水平。本研究表明, MsDmrt3 基因序列与结构具有高保守性, 且具有显著的性别表达二态性, 推测其与性别决定和分化有关。同时, 根据 MsDmrt3 基因在脊椎和胚胎发育早期的高表达, 推测其可能在神经系统和胚胎早期生长发育中发挥作用。本研究旨在为下一步大口黑鲈性别决定与性别分化分子机制的深入研究奠定基础。

Abstract:Tarim River is the largest one of the inland rivers in China. The genus Schizothorax Heckel has the most abundant and diverse fish in the subfamily of Schizothoracinae distributed in the Tarim River Basin and has a great ecological value of researches. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships of 6 species of fish in genus Schizothorax Heckel collected from Tarim River basin and Yili River basin were analyzed using the mitochondrial COI gene sequences. A total of 25 haplotypes were detected from 419 individuals of samples. The genetic distances among Gunther population of S. biclolulphi collected from the Tarim River main tributary, S. eurystomus (Kessler), S. barbatus McClelland, and S. irregularis Day were all less than 0.005, and no significant "barcode gap" was formed. However, the genetic distances between the Qarqan River population of S. biclolulphi Gunther and other species were accorded with the 2% threshold or the principle of ten times. Both of the ABGD and Taxon DNA analysis identically showed that the Xinjiang Schizothorax Heckel were divided into four groups. Gunther population of S. biclolulphi from Tarim River main tributary, S. eurystomus, S. barbatus and S. irregularis were formed one group. S. pseudaksaiensis, S. argentatus, and S. biclolulphi population from Qarqan River were formed the other three groups, respectively. In the BI phylogenetic tree, the S. biclolulphi Qarqan River population formed an independent branch with a node support rate with 100%. However, S. biclolulphi population from Tarim River main tributary, S. eurystomus, S. barbatus, and S. irregularis failed to form independent branches. The topology of BI tree is consistent with the grouping results of ABGD and Taxon DNA. Interspecific hybridization may be exists among S. biclolulphi population from Tarim River main tributary, S. eurystomus, S. barbatus, and S.irregularis, or these species has not yet reach the interspecific differentiation degree. S. biclolulphi population from Tarim River may have diverged into separate species. These results will provide a reference for analyze the genetic relationship of fish in genus Schizothorax Heckel from Tarim River Basin.

Abstract:Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the pathogen of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD). Its prevalence and occurrence seriously restrict the healthy development of the salmon and trout industry. This study explored the tissue and dynamic distribution of F. psychrophilum in fish after intramuscular injection of infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of BCWD. Experimental rainbow trout was infected intramuscularly with 1.0×10⁸ CFU/mL concentration of F. psychrophilum CH06 strain. The clinical symptoms of rainbow trout were observed at 12 h, 24 h and 96 h after infection, and real-time PCR was performed using the Taqman probe method to detect the dynamic distribution of pathogens in different tissues of fish. The clinical symptoms of the CH06 strain infection fish are blackening of body surface, slow or immobile swimming, loss of appetite, muscle ulceration at the injection site of the tail handle, pale gills, splenomegaly, and ascites. Histopathological observations showed that the muscle fibers were broken and dissolved in experimental fish. The splenic sinuses were dilated and filled with erythrocytes. There was an increase in haemosiderin in the kidney, with massive vacuolar degeneration, necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium and infiltration of many inflammatory cells in the renal interstitium. qPCR results showed that after 12 h of intramuscular injection, F. psychrophilum could be detected in the spleen, liver, kidney, intestine, gills, muscle at the injection site, brain and caudal fin. The highest load of muscle pathogen at the injection site was (5.85±2.11) ×10⁵ copy/μL. After 24 h of infection, the pathogen load in the spleen and brain increased most compared to 12 h of infection. The load of pathogens in liver, kidney, intestine, gills, muscle at the injection site and caudal fin was consistent with the level at 12 h of infection. The load of muscle pathogen at the injection site was (6.48±2.07) ×10⁵ copy/μL, significantly higher than spleen, liver, kidney, intestine, gills, brain and caudal fin (P＜0.05). After 96 h of infection, the pathogen load in the spleen was significantly higher than liver, kidney, intestine, gills, muscle at the injection site, brain and caudal fin (P＜0.05), reaching (1.15±0.58)×10⁷ copy/μL; the pathogen load in the liver, kidney, and spleen increased most than at 24 h of infection. The pathogenic bacterial load in all tested tissues showed an upward trend with time. In addition, the average pathogen load of the muscle at the injection site was highest at the three time points, followed by the spleen, kidneys, and gills. After artificially infecting rainbow trout with F. psychrophilum, the muscle at the injection site and spleen are important proliferation sites for bacteria. In summary, the pathogen entered various tissues along with blood circulation, and exhibited strong tropism to the muscle at the injection site, spleen, kidney and gills tissue, but exhibited week tropism to liver, caudal fin, intestine and brain tissue. The infection time and pathological changes were positively correlated with the pathogen load in tissues.

Abstract:In recent years, heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious. Tegillarca granosa lives in a certain water body for a long time. Because of its poor movement ability, it is prone to heavy metal poisoning, especially cadmium poisoning. At present, the researches on Cd stress of T. granosa mainly focus on the bioaccumulation kinetics, acute toxicity and immune response of T. granosa to Cd, most of them are unilateral researches, and few of them are studied together. Therefore, this experiment studied the accumulation of cadmium, the changes of related enzyme activities and the effect on gene expression level after water treatment with cadmium concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L respectively. The results showed that the content of cadmium in T. granosa increased significantly under the stress of cadmium, and the changes of cadmium content presented obvious time-dose effect. After cadmium stress, the content of cadmium in the gills and mantle was significantly higher in the 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L groups than in other tissues, and the content of cadmium in the visceral mass was the highest in the 0.5 mg/L group. SOD and ATPase activities and MDA contents in T. granosa liver and pancreas tissues under cadmium stress showed an upward trend in the early stage and a downward trend in the later stage, and were all higher than those in the control group. Cd stress up-regulated the transcription levels of ABCA3, SOD and MT genes. The results show that the increase of cadmium content can cause the changes of enzyme activity and related gene expression, and the changes of the relationship between the three can provide basic data for the molecular ecotoxicology study of beach shellfish.

Abstract:Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is an important mariculture fish and is widely cultured along the coast of China. As the culture of L. maculatus continue to increase in terms of scale and density, so will the potential occurrence of viral diseases. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a species of the genus Megalocytivirus, causes a serious systemic disease with high morbidity and mortality in both freshwater and marine fishes. Therefore, it is crucial to verify the immune mechanism of L. maculatus against ISKNV. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a member of the ubiquitin gene family, plays important roles in the innate immune response, regulation of interferon signaling, and pregnancy in human. In this study, the cDNA sequence of LmISG15 was cloned and analyzed. The full length of LmISG15 cDNA is 1625 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 480 bp encoding 160-amino acid protein, a predicted molecular weight of 17.5 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.41. The amino acid sequence of LmISG15 contains two UBL domains located at 1?76 and 85?155 respectively, and the C-terminal domain contains LRGG motif as the C-terminal of ubiquitin. The deduced amino acids sequence of LmISG15 shared 74.07% and 71.88% identity with ISG15 of Sciaenops ocellatus and Oplegnathus fasciatus, respectively. LmISG15 was constitutively expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression level in heart, and then brain, kidney and gill, and the lowest level was detected in muscle of ISKNV-infected L. maculatus. After challenged with ISKNV, the transcript levels of LmISG15 peaked in the head-spleen at 48 h, and in the liver and gill at 72 h. The expression of LmISG15 in the three tissues gradually returned to normal at 5d after reaching the peak. The increased expression of LmISG15 in various tissues of L. maculatus following ISKNV infection implies the potential involvement of LmISG15 in the immune response of sea bass.

Abstract:Prometryn, a type of herbicide with high efficiency and low toxicity, is used to remove algae in agricultural weeding and aquaculture, as well as in rivers, and reservoirs. Shrimp, sea cucumber, and shellfish are widely used in aquaculture. Prometryn is frequently detected in domestic and foreign marine environments and export marine products, causing ecological risks to fishery breeding environments and affecting the quality and safety of aquatic products. Mactra veneriformis is a common economic shellfish on the coast of China. Owing to its fixed growth position, the risk of net pollution by prometryn is relatively higher. Prometryn can cause changes in the antioxidant enzyme system of marine organisms, thereby affecting their immune mechanisms. Changes in the activity or content of its components can be used as biomarkers of oxidative stress. At present, domestic and foreign studies on prometryn in shellfish primarily focus on the investigation of local contamination and acute toxicity, and the effects on the antioxidant enzyme system and tissue cells of M. veneriformis have not been reported. To investigate the toxicological effect of prometryn stress on M. veneriformis, the 21-day stress and 15-day net water release experiments of different concentrations of prometryn (0.2 μg/L, 1.0 μg/L, 10 μg/L) on M. veneriformis were carried out. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in gills and digestive glands at different time points were determined, and the morphological changes of gills tissues were observed. Results showed that prometryn had certain induction or inhibition on SOD, CAT, and GPx in M. veneriformis. Moreover, 0.2-μg/L prometryn had less oxidative stress than that of the 1.0-μg/L and 10.0-μg/L groups. The enzyme activity of the 1.0-μg/L and 10.0-μg/L groups could not be restored entirely or even lost in the water purification release stage. Additionally, the 10.0-μg/L prometryn had irreversible oxidative damage to M. veneriformis. Prometryn could cause atrophy of gill epithelial cells, shedding of cilia, and enlargement of gill filament space. With the increase of prometryn concentration or the prolongation of stress time, there were significant SOD, CAT, and changes of gill tissue cells concentration and time effects. Furthermore, high concentrations of prometryn had considerable toxic effects on M. veneriformis. GPx in gills of M. veneriformis can be used as a potential biomarker for assessing prometryn pollution and providing an early warning for marine ecological environment pollution.

Abstract:Fish is the crucial component of the new approach to diagnose and recover the degraded coral reef. In order to enhance our understanding of long-term variation of species composition and diversity of coral reef fish in the South China Sea and its responses to environmental changes and human activities, using specimens of fish collected by hand fishing and gill net in the lagoon of Meiji Reef in the South China Sea from 1998 to 2018, the long-term variation in species composition, dominant species, diversity of fish were studied. Results showed that compared with 1998—1999, the species composition and dominant species changed significantly from 2012 to 2018. Some species with ecological function, such as fish belonging to Scaridae, Acanthuridae and Chaetodontidae, disappeared or decreased significantly. The species richness of diminant fish decreased, but their dominant degree increased significantly. The relative dominance of first dominant species and the average dominance of all dominant species increased significantly. The number of fish species per unit fishing effort and per sample size decreased significantly. The increase of hand line fishing effort had a significant influence on the increase of corresponding diversity indexes, while the increase of gill net fishing effort had no obvious influence on the increase of corresponding diversity indexes. The gill net sampling method was more robust to assess the diversity indexes of fish in the lagoon of Meiji Reef than the hand line sampling method. Based on fish assemblages collected by gill net, compared with 1999, the species diversity of fish during 2016—2018 in the lagoon of Meiji Reef reduced significantly. It was concluded that the fishing and decrease of ecosystem capacity caused by the decrease of available habitat area of Meiji Reef was the main reason for the decrease of fish species or abundance and diversity. To promote the recovery and protection of fish on the Meiji Reef, it is recommended to take timely measures to protect their resources and improve habitat quality.

Abstract:Hangzhou Bay is an important spawning and feeding ground for some economical species such as Coilia mystus and Collichthys lucidus. Hangzhou Bay located in the northern of Zhejiang Province and the southern of Shanghai Municipality. Hangzhou Bay run east-west, close to Zhoushan Islands at east, access to the Qiantang river in the west. The hydrologic condition of the Hangzhou Bay controlled by the runoff from the Yangtze river, the Qiantang river and the tide from the Donghai sea, formed complicated environment condition which cultured a wealth of plankton as the pray of the fish larvae and juveniles. Recently, much study on fish larvae and juveniles were carried out in the Hangzhou Bay, most of which were located in the bay mouth, to study the seasonal variation of fish larvae and juveniles. To investigate the seasonal change of the distribution and diversity of fish larvae and juveniles in the northern of Hangzhou Bay, using large plankton net (mesh size 0.5 mm, diameter 1.3 m) to conduct 10 min’s horizontal trawl, meanwhile, collect water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH. The development period of the fish larvae was divided into preflexion larvae, flexion larvae, postflexion larvae stage by flecxon of the notochord, with juvenile stage by the accomplished of the fin ray. Result shows a total of 9019 fish larvae and juveniles, including 2 species of fresh water fishes, 12 species of estuarine fishes, 14 species of marine fishes and 11 species of migration fishes. Of all the fish larvae collected, 11 species are from family Gobiidae, 8 from family Engraulidae, 6 from family Sciaenidae, 3 from family Clupeidae, and family Elopidae, Ilisha, Osmeridae, Synodontidae, Syngnathoidei, Moronidae, Blenniidae, Callionymidae, Trichiuridae, Tetraodontidae have one species respectively. The domain development stage was preflexion larvae, which was 46.7%. Rda biplot shows that water temperature and salinity were the main environmental factor affecting the distribution of fish larvae and juveniles in the northern of Hangzhou Bay, salinity was negatively correlated with the distribution of fish larvae and juveniles, which were different from other studies on Yangtze river, probably because of the high adaptability of fish taxa in the Hangzhou Bay. Using larger than 1% of total catch as the dominant species, the results were Acanthogobius ommaturus (40.32%), C. mystus (15.58%), Liza haematocheilus (9.83%), Takifugu xanthopterus (1.39%), Eleutherochir mirabilis (1.36) and Salanx ariakensis (1.35%). The number of species and the density of the fish larvae and juveniles shows a declining tendency, mean seasonal density and mean seasonal number of species decline from 0.83 ind/m3 and 23 species to 0.02 ind/m3 and 11 species. The Shannon-Wiener index, the Margelef index both shows that the diversity of fish larvae in the northern of Hangzhou Bay were highest in spring, decreased in summer and were lowest in autumn. There was no significant difference between Taxonomic distinctness index in May and August, but both were significantly different from November. Cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity of fish biomass shows that the fish larvae community mainly consist of the near shore, far shore in the mouth of the bay and the bottom of the bay. Results of analysis on each month shows that the fish larvae community in May and August were the mouth and the bottom of the bay, the result in November shows the community were comparatively even. However, the environmental factors has no significant difference between each sampling station, the difference of fish larvare community distribution may cause by other uninvestigated environmental factors. Previous studies on the near location in 2013, 2014─2015 were used for comparison in this study, all the three study share 11 family and 23 species catches, the top 10 catches of this study had one unique species, and the top 10 catches of previous studies had 5 unique species. A. ommaturus, C. mystus and S. ariakensis were the dominant species of all three studies.

Abstract:Marine biofouling has always been one of the major problems in world fishery development. Fishery equipment has been immersed in seawater environment for a long time, and biofouling will reduce its service life and affect the normal use. Marine fishery equipment is the special equipment used for production operations in the marine environment, mainly including aquaculture equipment, fishing equipment, aquatic processing equipment, etc. Among them, marine fishing vessels, offshore cage netting and fishing equipment are the important basic equipment for the development of marine fishery economy. However, due to long-term overall or partial contact with the sea water, biological attachment phenomenon appears, which seriously affects the normal use of fishery equipment, thus causing different degrees of economic losses. Furthermore, biological attachment is a unique function of natural organisms. Many animals or plants have an attachment mechanism through which they carry out various biological functions. When the organisms with the habit of attachment use marine fishery equipment as the substrate, the phenomenon of biological attachment is caused. The biological attachment on the equipment of marine fishing vessels leads to the decrease of ship speed, the increase of fuel consumption, and the increase of operation cost. The biological attachment on the offshore cage netting will reduce the life of the net and cause clogging of the net mouth, thus reducing the survival rate of the cultured fish. At present, domestic anti-fouling coatings combined with manual removal are adopted to deal with biofouling in offshore cage netting, but the effect is not satisfactory. Some cages located in the South China Sea were once broken due to improper manual removal, and a large number of fish escaped, resulting in serious economic losses. Similarly, the use of diluted foreign antifouling coating combined with a small amount of TBT method to remove organic matter adhering to the surface of marine fishing vessels, the ocean-going fishing vessels located in Guangxi need to dock every 6 months for repairs and are less effective in preventing fouling. The commonly used biofouling prevention techniques in China has some disadvantages such as toxic, time-consuming, laborious, weak timeliness and easy to damage equipment, etc., so it cannot effectively control biological contamination. Therefore, it is of great significance to further study the biological attachment phenomenon, take reasonable and effective measures to restrain or reduce the marine biofouling, and achieve the long-term use of marine fishery equipment to improve the economic benefits of marine fishery. This paper provides an overview of the hazards and attachment mechanisms of marine biological attachment and the biological attachment situation of Chinese coastal fishery equipment, and summarizes current world biological attachment control technology, with emphasis on the application of self-polishing copolymers and antifouling coatings in marine fishery vessels and marine netting systems.