Abstract:The negative charge of sulfotransferase can enrich Ca²⁺ and promote the nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate crystals by increasing the level of sulfation and transferring exogenous sulfonic acid groups to polysaccharide chains. Although the pearl yield of Hyriopsis cumingii is very high, the overall quality of its pearls is still different from that of seawater pearls produced abroad, which is one of the main problems that remain to be addressed in pearl culture industry. Organic macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids play an important role in the process of shell biomineralization, collectively referred to as shell organic matrices. In recent years, research on the biomineralization mechanism in H. cumingii has mainly focused on the functionalities of matrix proteins, whereas the roles of polysaccharides and their respective synthesis enzymes in the biomineralization of H. cumingii remain to be elucidated. The main component of shells is calcium carbonate, which is similar to that of pearls. Thus, studying the effects of sulfotransferase on the formation of H. cumingii shells may help improve freshwater pearl quality. In this study, the sequence characteristics of the sulfotransferase gene HcCHST11 in H. cumingii were analyzed, and the potential functions of this gene in shell formation were further explored using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH), and RNAi and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) detection techniques. The results showed that the HcCHST11 gene open reading frame (ORF) was 840 bp long and encoded 279 amino acids, containing 1 sulfotransferase domain. The tissue expression specificity analysis found that HcCHST11 was highly expressed in the edge mantle. The in situ hybridization results showed that the positive signals were strong in the outer fold (OF), middle fold (MF), and at the connection between the middle fold and the inner fold. After interfering with HcCHST11, the expression of HcCHST11 in the edge mantle was significantly downregulated (P＜0.05). Seven days after interference, SEM detection showed that the shape of the pearl layer’s aragonite platelets became irregular, and carbonate deposits appeared on the edge. The organic sheath of the prism layer became significantly narrower, the crystal surface was rough and protruded, and cracks formed between the crystals. Functional characterization demonstrates that HcCHST11 serves as a master regulator in shell biomineralization, orchestrating the development of multilayered shell structures (periostracum, prismatic, and nacreous layers) via sulfate-dependent modulation of organic-inorganic interfaces.However, the specific mechanism by which HcCHST11 regulates shell mineralization remains unclear and needs further investigation. The precise mechanism through which the HcCHST11 gene governs shell mineralization remains undefined, and further exploration is indispensable.

Abstract:Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) is a cytoskeletal protein, a member of the keratin family, which plays an important role in regulating epithelial cell adhesion and motility and mediating immune responses. To investigate the role of ck8 in the immune response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), the full-length sequence of largemouth bass Msck8 gene (2424 bp) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. Among these, the length of 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) was 570 bp, the 3′ UTR was 195 bp, and the open reading frame (ORF) was 1659 bp, encoding 552 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 61.30 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.17. In the phylogenetic tree, MsCK8 proteins were clustered closely with smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), which showed a high homology. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that Msck8 was expressed in nine tissues of healthy largemouth bass. It was expressed, in descending order, in the heart, muscle, gill, kidney, liver, foregut, hindgut, midgut, and spleen. After immunostimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of Msck8 in muscle, heart, and hindgut of largemouth bass showed prominent temporal changing patterns. The expression levels of Msck8 in the muscle and heart peaked at 6 h. The expression levels in the hindgut showed a positive correlation with temporal sequence and peaked at 48 h. Under high soybean meal stress, the expression level of the Msck8 gene in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (P＜0.05). In conclusion, Msck8 may play an important role in the immune response of fish against bacterial invasion.

Abstract:Hybrid sturgeon is regarded as a critical aquatic economic species, whose high/low fertility (spawning yield) is associated with the economic development of the caviar industry. However, in the aquaculture production process, female hybrid sturgeon have a great differential spawning yield in the sexual maturity period. Meanwhile, there are a series of technical barriers to early breeding in hybrid sturgeon populations with high egg yields. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential metabolism pathways that affect the fertility of hybrid sturgeon and filter the biomarkers for the high spawning yield phenotype in the female hybrid sturgeon populations. This can benefit the understanding of the biological mechanisms of fertility differences in hybrid sturgeon and accelerate the sustainable development of the sturgeon breeding industry in China. However, relatively few reports have clarified the expression pattern of ovarian metabolic profile between the sturgeon populations with high/low fertility. In the sexual maturity period, 90 hybrid sturgeon individuals (Huso dauricus♀ × Acipenser schrenckii♂) had their egg weight measured using a minimally invasive laparotomy method. Based on the real egg weight of each hybrid sturgeon, the present study defined the high/low fertility standard as follows: the ratio of egg weight/body weight (θ) less than 0.15 was classified into the low fertility group while θ more than 0.20 was classified into the high fertility group. In the formal experiment, a total of sixteen hybrid sturgeon with high (eight) and low (eight) fertility phenotypes were selected from the above population. Subsequently, fresh ovary tissues were collected to perform untargeted metabonomics analysis after recording the body weight and egg weight of each hybrid sturgeon. Bioinformatics methods and public metabolite database were applied to identify the metabolite category and corresponding relative abundances. The dominant metabolite categories in the hybrid sturgeon ovaries were lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compounds. Based on the threshold value levels reported in the previous studies, a total of eleven differential metabolites were identified between high (low) fertility groups. According to the blast results provided by the public metabolite deposition database, these eleven differentially expressed metabolites belonged to five categories including organoheterocyclic compounds, organic nitrogen compounds, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs, lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and derivatives. Compared to the low fertility group, a series of metabolites such as (–)-riboflavin, riboflavin, spermidine, adenosine, and lysoPI 22∶6 were down-regulated in the ovary tissues of the high fertility group. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve also determined that (–)-riboflavin, riboflavin, cyclohexylethyl acetate, and L-alanyl-L-norleucine could be regarded as candidate biomarkers for the high fertility phenotype of female hybrid sturgeon. Subsequently, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the differentially expressed metabolites. Our results showed that amino acid metabolism-related pathways (arginine and proline metabolism and beta-alanine metabolism) and vitamin metabolism-related pathways (vitamin digestion and absorption and riboflavin metabolism) were significantly enriched and the P values of these four pathways above were 0.0019, 0.0247, 0.0001, 0.0004, respectively. Meanwhile, it was found that adenosine is involved in fourteen metabolism pathways in the ovary tissues of hybrid sturgeon, inferring that it may have critical regulatory effects on the fate decision process of fertility phenotype of female hybrid sturgeon. The present investigation has preliminarily clarified the molecular signaling that affects the spawning yield trait of hybrid sturgeon and filtered the candidate biomarker for high fertility phenotype. This could provide a theoretical basis for breeding the hybrid sturgeon population with a high spawning yield. Taken together, our investigation not only characterized the metabolite profiling difference between the hybrid sturgeon populations with high (low) fertility phenotypes but can also shed light on directions for further research on the reproductive physiology of hybrid sturgeon and biomarker-assisted selection breeding for freshwater economic fish.

Abstract:Seriola dumerili is a high-quality “sashimi” food, favored by consumers throughout the world because of its meaty texture and high nutritional value. At present, artificial culturing of Seriola dumerili is performed in Fujian, Guangdong, and Hainan, China, typically using a chilled trash fish diet, which results in frequent occurrence of diseases during culturing. To explore the effectiveness at replacement of chilled trash fish with artificial formulated feed, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of formulated feed and chilled trash fish on the growth and muscle nutrient composition of Seriola dumerili. A total of 180 Seriola dumerili with an initial body weight of (274.93±11.17) g were randomly assigned to two groups with three replicates each, with 30 fish per group which were fed either chilled trash fish or formulated feed for 60 d. The results showed that: 1. In terms of growth performance, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the formulated feed group were extremely significantly lower than those of the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01), whereas no significant differences (P＞0.05) were observed between the two groups in terms of survival rate (SR), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI). 2. The results of growth-related gene expression levels showed that the mRNA expression of MyoG, MyoD1, MyoD2, and COL1A1A was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05) in the muscle of the formulated feed group, whereas liver IGF-2 mRNA was highly significantly down-regulated (P＜0.01). 3. In terms of body composition, no significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to the crude lipid and crude protein content of muscle (P＞0.05). The whole-body crude lipid content and muscle fiber density in the formulated feed group were significantly lower than those in the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01), whereas their crude protein content and average fiber cross-sectional area were significantly higher (P＜0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups in therms of moisture, water-soluble chloride, calcium, crude ash, and total phosphorus contents in muscle tissue (P＞0.05). 4. The contents of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and palatable amino acids (DAA) in muscle tissue of the formulated feed group were significantly higher than those in the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01). According to the EAAI, AAS, and CS scores, the muscle EAA index and score of the formulated feed group were higher than those of the chilled trash fish group; the first limiting amino acids of the two groups were Phe and Tyr, and the second limiting amino acid was Met. 5. No significant difference in total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle was observed between the two groups (P＞0.05), and the most abundant PUFA was DHA. The content of n-6 PUFA in the formulated feed group was significantly higher than that in the chilled trash fish group (P＞0.05), whereas EPA, DHA, and n-3 PUFA levels were higher in the chilled trash fish group (P＜0.01). In conclusion, compared with the chilled trash fish group, the formulated feed significantly increased muscle protein level, amino acid composition, and nutritional value, and it promoted the expression of muscle growth and collagen genes, whereas the growth performance and n-3 PUFA levels were low. This study demonstrated that chilled trash fish can be replaced by artificial formulated feed in Seriola dumerili aquaculture; however, formulated feed should be further adjusted and optimized in the subsequent feed research with regard to the n-3 PUFA level.

Abstract:Sander lucioperca is an important cultured fish in Eurasian countries. It has broad breeding prospects owing to its rapid growth, pronounced adaptability, tender flesh, and high nutritional value. However, the farmed production remains limited to only 4.29 kilotons, primarily because of the scarcity of suitable, high-quality compound feeds. This study examined the effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels, and their interactions, on growth, liver histology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune-related gene expression in juvenile S. lucioperca. The experiment included two protein levels (51% and 54%) and three lipid levels (12%, 15%, and 18%), thus using six distinct feed formulations. Juvenile S. lucioperca [(1.16±0.01) g] were fed with these formulations during an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed that the dietary lipid level exerted a significant effect on final body weight and specific growth rate of juvenile S. lucioperca (P＜0.05), whereas no significant interaction between protein and lipid levels was observed with regard to final body weight and specific growth rate. At a protein level of 51%, the highest final body weight and specific growth rate were achieved with 18% lipid content; at a protein level of 54%, these metrics were also greatest at the 15% lipid level. As the lipid level in diet increased, the crude protein content in whole fish decreased gradually, whereas the crude lipid content showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. Considerable fatty degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in the 54% protein, 18% lipid group, which was not observed in other treatment groups. At a protein level of 51%, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase significantly increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05); at a protein level of 54%, the catalase activity significantly increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05). The expression levels of complement genes (c3, c4, and c5) and a anti-inflammatory cytokine-related gene (tgf-β) in the liver increased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05), whereas the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes (il-1β, il8, and tnf-β) decreased significantly (P＜0.05). In conclusion, appropriate lipid levels in diet can improve the growth performance of juvenile S. lucioperca, save protein intake, whereas excessive lipid level may increase the risk of vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. It is recommended that the protein and lipid supplementation levels in diet of juvenile S. lucioperca juvenile are 51% and 18%, respectively.

Abstract:Coilia nasus is an important economic species in the Yangtze River. It is mainly distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Yangtze River, the Qiantang River, and other river basins in China. However, with economic growth, pollution and overfishing in the Yangtze River have been increasing, resulting in serious damage to C. nasus spawning grounds and a gradual decline in resources. In recent years, with the steady implementation of the ten-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, the C. nasus populations and those of its prey organisms have increased and were restored, and the feeding of C. nasus may have changed to some extent. To explore the trophic structure characteristics of C. nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary, 247 samples were collected by bottom trawling in summer (August) and autumn (November) of 2023, and the trophic level and niche were analyzed using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that the δ¹⁵N values of C. nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary ranged from 11.70‰ to 16.39‰, with a maximum difference of 4.69‰ and an average value of (13.80±1.14)‰, which was significantly positively correlated with body length. The δ¹³C value ranged from −33.24‰ to −21.15‰, the maximum difference was 12.09‰, and the average value was (−26.35±2.60)‰, which was significantly negatively correlated with body length. According to the δ¹⁵N value, the average trophic level of C. nasus was 3.23±0.33, which was significantly positively correlated with body length. The trophic niches of C. nasus in summer and autumn were similar, and the total niche space (TA) and core niche (SEAc) overlapped. The niche breadth of C. nasus in autumn was larger than that in summer. Stable isotope analysis suggested that the feeding habits of C. nasus change during growth. With increasing body length, C. nasus tend to feed on increasingly higher trophic levels of food organisms. The results provide a basis for elucidating the feeding characteristics of C. nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary and also constitute a reference for protecting C. nasus populations and analyzing the food web energy flow in the Yangtze River Estuary.

Abstract:In this study, we integrated two data systems (morphological analysis and box-truss analysis) to investigate the morphological differences of Schizothorax curvilabiatus among different geographic populations. Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted on 62 morphological parameters collected from three geographic populations in the Yarlung Zangbo River (specifically the Motuo region), Palong River, and Chayu River. The analysis of morphological data revealed that the primary differences among the three populations were evident in several traits, including beard length, head length behind the eye, body height, tail stalk length and thickness, dorsal spine length, and anal fin length. Principal component analysis indicated significant differences in principal component 1 between the Motuo (MT) and Chayu (CY) populations, primarily reflecting characteristics of the head, dorsal fin spine, and tail stalk. Furthermore, box-truss analysis demonstrated significant differences in principal component 1 between the MT and Palong (PL) populations, specifically regarding the head, dorsal fin, central axis, and caudal stalk. In total, 14 and 6 key parameters were selected from the morphological and box-truss data, respectively, to establish discrimination formulas, resulting in initial discrimination success rates of 94.70% and 86.40%. Scatter plots generated from both data systems showed separation by centroid, with the MT population being relatively independent, while the PL and CY populations exhibited some overlap. The cluster analysis revealed that the MT population formed a distinct branch, while the PL and CY populations were clustered. Ultimately, these findings indicated that the morphological characteristics of the MT population are significantly distinct from those of the PL and CY populations, which exhibit minor differences but do not qualify as subspecies.

Abstract:Brachymystax lenok (fine-scaled lenok) is a rare and endangered fish species found in the Irtysh River basin. In this study, we utilized mitochondrial Cyt b gene and D-loop (control region) sequences to analyze the population genetic structure of B. lenok in the Irtysh River, providing a theoretical basis for preserving its genetic diversity. Results indicated that 13 haplotypes (Hap1-13) were detected in the combined sequences of Cyt b (1063 bp)+D-loop (1089 bp) across 86 samples from 4 populations. Among these, Hap1 was centrally located in the haplotype network and widely distributed across populations, suggesting it is the ancestral haplotype. The haplotype diversity index (H_d) was 0.515, and the nucleotide diversity index (P_i) was 0.00040, indicating a low level of population genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic variation was primarily within populations (99.51%), with variation among populations accounting for only 0.49%, indicating a low level of genetic differentiation (F_st=0.00491, P＞0.05) and no significant genetic differentiation among populations. The mismatch distribution curve showed a unimodal distribution, and the neutral test of Tajima’s D (−2.022) and Fu’s F_s (−9.530) were negative (P＜0.05), and the test of SSD and Hir were not significant (P＞0.05), suggesting that the B. lenok population in the Irtysh River underwent a historical expansion. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis indicated that the expansion occurred approximately 0.039 million years ago (Ma) and that the Irtysh River populations exhibited significant genetic differentiation from populations in other basins, such as the Heilongjiang (Amur River), Lena River, and Yenisei River, suggesting that the evolutionary history of these populations may be related to historical geological events such as the Sayan-Altaic orogeny, the Quaternary glaciation, and ancient hydrological changes in the Altai Mountains. We concluded that the B. lenok population in the Irtysh River basin can be identified as a distinct evolutionarily significant unit (ESU). It is recommended to effectively protect its natural spawning grounds and breeding populations, restore river connectivity to maintain gene flow between populations, avoid small population breeding during artificial propagation to prevent genetic drift and a reduction in genetic diversity, and prohibit the introduction of non-native stocks from other basins to prevent genetic pollution.

Abstract:Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is an economically important fish in tuna fishery in the Indian Ocean. As a pelagic migratory fish, its distribution is significantly influenced by the marine environment. In this study, we used environmental data from the Indian Ocean spanning from 2001 to 2016 to construct a habitat model for different life history stages of albacore tuna and their corresponding environmental requirements. We validated the accuracy of the model by comparing the predicted suitable habitat locations with the actual distribution of catch quantities. We evaluated the model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve, AUC) and analyzed the inter-annual variations of suitable habitat at different life history stages of albacore tuna to examine the impact of marine environmental changes on spatial-temporal habitat distribution. The results indicated that: (1) The high catch areas largely overlap with the model-predicted suitable habitat, with monthly average AUC values of 0.79 for immature and 0.73 for mature albacore tuna habitat models, showing high prediction accuracy. (2) The model predicted that suitable habitat for immature albacore tuna was located between 25°S and 40°S in the Indian Ocean from January to June and between 20°S and 40°S from July to December. For mature albacore tuna, the suitable habitat during the spawning period is located east of Madagascar Island between 10°S and 25°S, whereas during the non-spawning period, it is between 25°S and 45°S. (3) Both the suitable habitats for immature and mature albacore tuna showed a year-on-year trend of southward migration. The above results have significant scientific importance for understanding the population dynamics of albacore tuna and promoting sustainable resource utilization.

Abstract:Streptococcus iniae has become the most serious bacterial pathogen in the aquaculture of Tachysurus fulvidraco in China. In this study, we selected S. iniae strain ZQ2205 isolated from T. fulvidraco to elucidate the biological characteristics and whole-genome information of S. iniae, thereby providing theoretical support for disease diagnosis and prevention. The growth characteristics, pathogenicity, whole-genome sequencing, and gene composition were analyzed. The results indicated that strain ZQ2205 is a gram-positive bacterium, arranged in single chains, exhibiting β-hemolytic activity. The strain demonstrated lipase, amylase, and protease activities but lacked cellulase activity. It demonstrated a wide range of tolerance to pH and salinity, being able to grow in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at pH values ranging from 7 to 9 and salinity from 0 to 40. Strain ZQ2205 showed optimal growth at a pH of 9 and salinity between 0 and 20. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that ZQ2205 is resistant to enrofloxacin and streptomycin, while its response to ofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and bactrim is intermediate. Infection experiments revealed that the challenge dose as low as 0.5 CFU/g caused 100% mortality in T. fulvidraco juveniles, causing significant damage to the liver, spleen, kidneys, gills, and brain tissues, with the highest bacterial loads observed in the spleen and kidneys. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the whole genome size of ZQ2205 was 2128105 bp with a GC content of 36.83%, encoding 2035 genes. Eighteen virulence factor genes were identified, primarily involved in immune modulation, adherence, exo enzyme, and nutritional and metabolic factors. Additionally, 21 antibiotic resistance genes and 18 antibiotic target genes were predicted, mainly associated with penicillins, daptomycin, rifamycins, sulfonamides, and quinolones. In summary, these findings demonstrated that S. iniae strain ZQ2205 possesses high pathogenicity and multidrug resistance and robust environmental adaptability. The whole genome information revealed characteristics of virulence and antibiotic resistance, which are of significant importance for preventing and controlling this disease.

Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia-nitrogen stress on serum antioxidant enzymes, intestinal immunity-related genes, and microbial community structures in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Rainbow trout with an average body weight of (13.5±0.5) g were selected for the study. The experimental design included a control group (C group) and three ammonia stress groups: a low (L) group at 2 mg/L, a medium (M) group at 4 mg/L, and a high (H) group at 6 mg/L. A 10-day ammonia stress exposure was administered to these groups. Thereafter, an intraperitoneal injection of IHNV with a TCID₅₀ of 10^–7.875/mL, at a volume of 0.25 mL, was administered. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum were measured 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post-infection. Additionally, the expression levels of immune-related genes Mx, IgM, IRF7, and IFN-α in the intestine were assessed. Seven days post-infection, histological changes and differences in the microbial community within the intestinal tissues were examined. The results indicated that the mortality rate of rainbow trout following infection with IHNV was positively correlated with the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen stress. As the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen increased, the degree of vacuolation in the intestinal epithelial cells of the rainbow trout intensified, and villus area decreased. Additionally, the activity of AKP in the serum decreased significantly (P＜0.05) after infection, whereas the activities of ALT and MDA exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. The expression levels of Mx, IRF7, IFN-α, and IgM in the intestinal tissue exhibited a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease. Seven days post-infection, at the phylum level, the abundances of Pseudomonadota and Mycoplasmatota in the intestine significantly increased (P＜0.05) in correlation with rising ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. Conversely, the abundances of Cyanobacteriota and Bacillota significantly decreased (P＜0.05). At the genus level, compared with the control group, the ammonia-nitrogen stress group showed an increase in harmful bacteria, whereas the abundance of beneficial bacteria demonstrated a decreasing trend. The results indicate that ammonia-nitrogen stress increases the susceptibility of rainbow trout to IHNV, reduces their antioxidant capacity and immune responses, and disrupts the stability of their intestinal tissue and microbiota. This study provides a theoretical basis for the ecological prevention and control of IHN in rainbow trout farming.

Abstract:Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity, and is also an important polar fishing resource. Managing Antarctic krill resources is crucial for ensuring the health of global marine ecosystems and promoting the sustainable development of the fishing industry. A large number of krill resource surveys and assessments have been continuously conducted to accurately assess the spatiotemporal distribution of krill resources. The distribution and variability of Antarctic krill resources are closely related to environmental factors in the Southern Ocean. In the context of climate change, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), an intergovernmental organization, has also accelerated the development of new management mechanisms for the Antarctic krill fishery. This study summarizes the current assessment of Antarctic krill resources and fishery development. We concentrated on the research progress of the impact of major environmental factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of Antarctic krill resources and fishery, such as seawater temperature, sea ice, currents, water masses, fronts, food, and ultraviolet and visible light, and focused on elucidating the impact of physical environmental factors on the physiological functions of krill, early larval recruitment, resource transport and retention, and other key functions and processes. We found that fluctuations of the water temperature directly affect the physiological functions and distribution of krill, the cyclical changes in sea ice affect the survival of krill larvae and population recruitment, the structure of currents plays a key role in the transport and distribution of krill, changes in water masses and fronts also affect the retention and migration of krill populations, and seasonal changes in food concentration directly affect the reproductive capacity and growth rate of krill. In addition, other environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation and light cycles also impact krill. This study provides an outlook for future research on the distribution of krill resources and the sustainable development of fisheries in the context of climate change. It offers references for subsequent research, such as the impact of environmental factors on the ecological habits of krill, the construction of circumpolar resource monitoring techniques, and the formulation of krill fishery management strategies.