秋季不同时期上市中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质比较
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王世会(1986-),男,博士,助理研究员,从事河蟹育种与生态健康养殖.E-mail:firstwsh@163.com

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成永旭,教授,从事水产动物营养饲料及生态健康养殖.E-mail:yxcheng@shou.edu.cn

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A comparative study of edible yield and quality in adult Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in different periods of autumn
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    摘要:

    为全面了解中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)可食率和品质差异,对秋季不同时期上市的中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质进行了比较。在种植了伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)的池塘中,按照生态健康养殖的方法,养殖中华绒螯蟹扣蟹至成蟹。采用解剖和生化组成分析等方法探究秋季不同时期中华绒螯蟹的可食率、常规营养成分、脂肪酸和游离氨基酸组成及其含量。结果表明:(1)不论是雌体还是雄体,9月和10月肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),出肉率(MY)、总可食率(TEY)和肥满度(CF)则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。仅HSI指标9月高于10月,其余指标均是10月较高。(2)9月和10月常规营养成分无显著差异项(P>0.05)较多,但雌体肝胰腺中水分、总脂,性腺中总脂,肌肉中水分和粗蛋白含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05);雄体性腺中粗蛋白、总脂、灰分,肌肉中总脂含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。(3)9月和10月成蟹肝胰腺中仅1种脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),占比为1/52,其余脂肪酸含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);性腺中仅2种脂肪酸显著差异(P<0.05),占比为2/52,其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05);肌肉中11种脂肪酸显著差异(P<0.05),占比为11/52,其余均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(4)9月和10月成蟹性腺中1种游离氨基酸显著差异(P<0.05),占比为1/52,其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05);肌肉中仅雄体牛磺酸(Tau)、丙氨酸(Ala)和亮氨酸(Leu)差异显著(P<0.05),占比为3/52,其余均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹10月GSI、MY、TEY和CF高于9月,常规营养成分存在一定差异,性腺中脂肪酸和游离氨基酸含量差异较小,而肌肉中脂肪酸含量差异较大。整体上10月中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质要优于9月。

    Abstract:

    Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is an important aquaculture species in China. Large amounts of adult E. sinensis appear in the market in autumn, but the prices are much higher before the National Day (Oct. 1st). To promote rational consumption and comprehensively evaluate the edible yield and quality of E. sinensis, this study used a pond-rearing experiment (planted with Elodea nuttallii) to obtain adult E. sinensis according to the ecological and healthy culture methods. Dissection and biochemical composition analyses were conducted to systematically explore the edible yield, proximate composition, and fatty acid and free amino acid contents of adult E. sinensis tissues. Regardless of gender, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) differed significantly between September and October (P<0.05), but there were no differences in meat yield (MY), total edible yield (TEY), or condition factor (CF) (P>0.05). The HSI value was higher in September than in October, and the values of the other indicators were higher in October. No significant different parameters (P>0.05) were obviously observed in proximate composition between September and October, but the moisture and lipids in the hepatopancreas, lipids in the gonads, and moisture and proteins in the muscles of females differed significantly (P<0.05). Proteins, lipids, and ash in the gonads and lipids in the muscles of males were also significantly different (P<0.05). As for fatty acid, one fatty acid in the hepatopancreas of adult E. sinensis differed between September and October (P<0.05), two fatty acids in the gonads differed between September and October (P<0.05), and eleven fatty acids in the muscles differed between September and October (P<0.05). As for free amino acid, only one amino acid in the gonads of adult E. sinensis differed between September and October (P<0.05), and three amino acids (Tau, Ala, Leu) differed in the male muscles (P<0.05). In summary, the GSI, MY, TEY, and CF values of adult E. sinensis were higher in October than in September, and there were some differences in proximate composition. There were small differences in the fatty acid and free amino acid contents of the gonads, but larger differences in the fatty acid contents of the muscles. Overall, the edible yield and quality of adult E. sinensis were better in October than in September, which is important for the comprehensive evaluation and rational consumption of Chinese mitten crab.

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王世会, 成永旭, 石连玉, 赵金山, 叶露青.秋季不同时期上市中华绒螯蟹可食率和品质比较[J].中国水产科学,2020,27(10):1196-1209
WANG Shihui, CHENG Yongxu, SHI Lianyu, ZHAO Jinshan, YE Luqing. A comparative study of edible yield and quality in adult Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in different periods of autumn[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2020,27(10):1196-1209

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-30
  • 最后修改日期:2020-04-11
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-10-20
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