The national aquatic germplasm resources conservation area of Coilia nasus in the Anqing Section of the Yangtze River ("conservation area" for short) is located at the upper section of the migration interval of C. nasus, with a favorable ecological environment. To understand the current status of C. nasus resources, an investigation was conducted from April to July 2018. The results showed that C. nasus resource densities in the conservation area were (0.09±0.07) ind/(10⁴m³) and (4.46±3.43) g/(10⁴m³), and the dominant body length and weight of C. nasus were 250-300 mm and <50 g, respectively. Generally, C. nasus resource status in the conservation area was not optimistic, and C. nasus miniaturization was observed during the investigation. The temporal characteristics of C. nasus showed that the migration period was from early April to July in the Anqing section of the Yangtze River, and the peak period was from mid May to late June. Furthermore, C. nasus abundance showed an increasing trend in the late migration period. Spatially, C. nasus density in the core conservation area was higher than that in the experimental area. In addition, the gender and development stages of sampling results show that the ratio of males to females was 1.02:1, but the range was larger; the males developed earlier, and females developed later. The main development stage of testes and ovaries were III, and gonad development for stage V began in June. In this study, C. nasus with gastric contents of 6.38% were found. This study documented systematic C. nasus data in the Yangtze River pre-fallow reserve, which will provide an important basis for the recovery assessment of this species and conservation management in the future.