Dybowski belongs to CypriniformesWusuli RiverLuanhe River and Nenjiang River. It is a cold water species and can survive in saline-alkaline waters above pH 9.0. While survive in Dali Lakewhich is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia and is a saline-alkaline lake with a salinity of 6.96 and alkalinity of 53.57 mmol/L. Using 5 microsatellite markers of and 13 microsatellite markers of grass carpsampled from Wusuli River and Dali Lake.The estimates of genetic variability showed that a total of 111 alleles were detected with average of 6.166 7 at each locus. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.100 0 to 0.933 3 with the mean of 0.531 5. The expected heterozygosity in Wusuli River population were 5.555 6 and 0.577 8 and in Dali population were 4.388 9 and 0.485 2 .As described above in this study. But the level of genetic diversity in Dali population was slightly lower than that in Wusuli population .The protection of wildlife resources should be strengthened in the future. The genetic distance between the two populations is 0.255 0 and the genetic similarity index is 0.774 9. Individual clustering showed that all Dali individuals converged in the right branch of topology treeand the 15 individuals of Wusuli population converged in the left branch. The values of pairwise is 0.085 5 is 2.674 9indicating Dali and Wusuli populations have a moderate level of differention and little gene exchange between them. Chi-square test was used to analyze the genotype based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium value denoted that the two populations deviated equilibrium partially.