李秋芬(1969–),研究员,研究方向为海洋渔业环境微生物与生态修复.E-mail:liqf@ysfri.ac.cn
S969
国家重点研发计划项目蓝色粮仓创新专项(2019YFD0901202)； 中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD12).
Kang Chuanlei
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071 , China ；College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306 , China为了提高海水养殖尾水的净化效率, 研究了利用高效脱氮菌强化挂膜后的生物滤器对静止和流动养殖尾水的净化效果。首先利用自主筛选的 3 株适应海水环境、可有效去除氨氮、亚硝酸氮及有机物的高效脱氮菌[花津滩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus hwajinpoensis)SLWX2、嗜碱盐单胞菌(Halomonas alkaliphila)X3 和麦氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas macleodii)SLNX2]的不同组合强化挂膜, 根据成熟后的生物滤器对定量静止养殖尾水中 NH4+ -N、NO2– -N、NO3– -N、 总氮(TN)及化学需氧量(CODMn)的去除效果, 选出对各无机氮去除效果最佳的菌种组合作为强化菌种再次挂膜, 分析不同浓度强化菌种挂膜对流动养殖尾水中 NH4+ -N、NO2– -N 和 NO3– -N 的持续净化效果，以上实验均以自然挂膜组为对照。静止尾水处理实验结果表明, 各实验组中 NO3– -N 浓度先上升后下降, 对养殖尾水各项无机氮及有机物指标的去除效果均优于对照组。其中, SLWX2+X3+SLNX2 组合高浓度组对养殖尾水中的各项指标去除效果最佳, 在第 48 小时对 NH4+ -N、NO2– -N、CODMn 和 TN 的去除率分别达到 100%、100%、80.7%和 59.5%。而自然挂膜对照组的去除率分别为 95.5%、50.52%、38.1%、13.44%, 且 NO3– -N 浓度持续上升。说明脱氮菌强化挂膜可明显提高生物滤器对养殖尾水的净化效率, 有效降低养殖尾水中氮素和有机物的浓度。后期连续流动尾水净化实验结果表明, 实验组和对照组生物滤器出水的 NH4+ -N、NO2– -N、NO3– -N 浓度均低于进水的, 强化挂膜组的又均低于自然挂膜组的, 其中 106 CFU/mL 实验组对无机氮的去除效果均最佳, NH4+ -N NO2– -N NO3– -N 的最大去除率分别为 31.6%、11.33%、 15.6%; 105 CFU/mL 实验组次之, 且出水氮素浓度可长期维持在较低水平。说明脱氮菌强化挂膜对各项无机氮的去除效果持续优于自然挂膜。本实验的结果为脱氮菌在海水养殖尾水净化中的应用提供了理论基础和技术支撑。
Purification of discharged aquaculture waste water and nitrogen removal have become essential practices as environment protection policies impose increasingly strict waste water discharge restrictions. To improve the purification efficiency of maricultural waste water, we studied the purification effect of biofilters augmented by different compositions of 3 nitrogen-removing bacteria strains on static and flowing maricultural waste water. Firstly, different compositions of 3 nitrogen-removing bacteria strains, Bacillus hwajinpoensis SLWX2, Halomonas alkaliphila X3, and Alteromonas macleodii SLNX2, which can remove ammonia, nitrite and organic matters in the marine environment were used to strengthen biofilm formation and to purify static waste water, and the best combination was selected according to its removal efficiency of inorganic nitrogen, TN, and CODMn, for the treatment of flowing waste water. The continuous removal of NH4+ -N, NO2– -N, and NO3– -N from flowing discharged aquaculture waste water was compared with that of naturally formed biofilters. Static waste water treatment results showed that the concentration of NO3– -N increased then decreased and that the removal efficiency of inorganic nitrogen and organic matter from the waste water in trial groups was better than that in the control group. Among the treatments, the group of highly concentrated SLWX2+X3+SLNX2 had the best purification effect on all indexes for waste water, and the removal rates of NH4+ -N NO2– -N, CODMn, and TN were 100%, 100%, 80.7%, and 59.5%, respectively, after 48 h. In the control group, they were 95.5%, 50.52%, 38.1%, and 13.44%, respectively, and the concentrations of NO3– -N kept increasing. The results showed that enhanced biofilm formation by nitrogen-removal bacteria can significantly improve the purification efficiency of biofilters and effectively reduce the concentration of nitrogen and organic matter in waste water from mariculture. The results of the experiment on purification of continuously flowing waste water showed that the concentration of NH4+ -N, NO2– -N and NO3– -N in the effluent of the experimental groups and the control group was lower than that in the influent. Furthermore, these measurements from the bacteria-augmented biofilm group were lower than those from the natural biofilm and the removal efficiency of inorganic nitrogen in the 106 CFU/mL experimental group was the highest, with the maximum removal rates of 31.6%, 11.33%, and 15.6%, respectively. This was followed by the 105 CFU/mL test group, and the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the effluent could be maintained at low levels for over 21 days, suggesting that the continuous removal effect of the enhanced biofilm was better than that of the natural biofilm. The results of this study provided a theoretical and technical basis for the application of nitrogen-removing bacteria in the purification of waste water from mariculture.
李秋芬,康传磊,张艳,陈碧鹃,陈世波.高效脱氮菌强化挂膜生物滤器对海水养殖尾水净化效果研究[J].中国水产科学,2021,28(5):614-623
Li Qiufen, Kang Chuanlei, Zhang Yan, Chen Bijuan, Chen Shibo. Purification effect of a simulated biofilter augmented with efficient nitrogen-removing bacteria on waste water from mariculture[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2021,28(5):614-623
