Personality refers to consistent individual differences in behavior over time and across contexts. At the population or species level, there exists a behavioral syndrome, wherein individuals display a certain behavioral type. Currently, behavioral syndromes in fishes are reviewed with respect to five main axes of animal personality: (1) shyness–boldness, (2) exploration–avoidance, (3) activity, (4) aggressiveness, and (5) sociability. Personality affects the behavioral performance and fitness of fish and has notable consequences with respect to the welfare of fish, stock enhancement, fishery management, and conservation. This review summarizes the current progress in fish personality research and provides an overview of its application in stock enhancement, information transmission, disease prevention and control, fishery resource management and protection, and biological invasion prevention and control. This review aims to provide fundamental information for future research and the applications of fish personality.