Spawning grounds play a key role in recruiting fishery resources, and their health status directly contributes to the biomass dynamics and sustainability of fishery resources. In the present study, using spawning grounds in Shandong inshore waters as an example, based on the comprehensive analysis of various marine ecosystem health assessment studies, a health assessment system of the spawning ground was established by the analytic hierarchy process, and the evaluation results of the system were verified. Two first-level indicators were considered in the health assessment system, the environment and function of the spawning ground. Six second-level indicators were covered, namely, biotic environment, hydrological environment; human disturbance; fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles; spawning stock size; and spawning ground area. There were 21 third-level indicators. The health status of the spawning ground was characterized by a comprehensive health indicator (CHI), with the health status of the spawning grounds in Shandong inshore waters during the 1980s regarded as the baseline. The results of the health assessment system of the spawning ground conducted in this study were verified using the spawning ground health status in the Shandong inshore in May 2008 as an example. The average CHI was 0.571 in the spawning grounds in Shandong inshore waters during May 2008. In general, the spawning ground had a sub-health status. The CHI of the northern Shandong Peninsula, northern Haizhou Bay, southern Shandong Peninsula, and Laizhou Bay were 0.596, 0.593, 0.590, and 0.505, respectively. The accuracy of the evaluation system was proven by a comprehensive analysis of the results of related studies.