南极磷虾拖网渔具系统动态变化
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银利强(1996–),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为渔具与渔法.E-mail:3379056511@qq.com

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S971

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国家自然科学基金项目(31902426); 上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划资助项目(19YF1419800); 农业农村部南极海洋生物资源开发利用项目(D8002-17-0109).


The dynamic change of net system for Antarctic krill trawl
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    摘要:

    为了研究南极磷虾拖网系统在实际作业过程中的动态变化规律, 于 2020 年 1—4 月随“龙发”轮在南极 48.2 亚区(45°W~48°W, 60°S~61°S)进行海上试验, 采集了拖速、曳纲长度、曳纲张力、网具和网板深度等信息, 分析了投放和收绞曳纲的速率对拖网渔具的动态特性影响规律, 以及在稳定拖曳状态下拖速和曳纲长度与网口高度、曳纲张力、网位的关系。结果表明: (1) 放网阶段平均拖速为(2.96±0.36) kn, 收网阶段平均拖速为(1.35±0.26) kn; (2) 网具自然沉降阶段曳纲投放速率为(54.1±5.9) m/min, 起网阶段曳纲收绞速率为(47.15±7.02) m/min; (3) 随着投放速率的增大, 曳纲张力逐渐减小, 网口高度增加; 投放速率与网位下沉速率成正比; (4) 收绞速率与曳纲张力呈负相关关系, 网具上调阶段的曳纲张力要比起网阶段的曳纲张力大。随着收绞速率的增加, 网口高度增加; (5) 稳定拖曳过程中, 拖速和曳纲长度对网口高度均产生显著影响(P<0.01), 随着拖速和曳纲长度的增加, 网口高度减小; (6) 在自然沉降阶段, 当投放速率过大, 网板带动网具急速下沉, 网板会出现“超调”现象。研究结果不仅有助于南极磷虾拖网网位的有效调整, 提高拖网瞄准捕捞效率, 还可为验证中层拖网性能的模型试验和数值模拟提供基础资料。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the dynamic change characteristics of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) trawling, we conducted sea trials on the krill trawler “Long Fa” of the China Fisheries Corporation from January to April 2020 in subarea 48.2 of Antarctic waters(45°W?48°W, 60°S?61°S). Information was collected on the towing speed, warp length, warp tension, and depth of the net and otter board, and the effects of the warp winding up and releasing speed on the dynamic change of the net were analyzed. The relationships between towing speed, warp length, net mouth opening height, warp tension, and net position were also examined during the stable towing stage. The main results are as follows: (1) the average speed of the shooting net stage was (2.96±0.36) kn and the average speed of the hauling stage was (1.35±0.26) kn. (2) The warp releasing speed was (54.1±5.9) m/min in the natural sinking stage, and the warp winding up speed was (47.15±7.02) m/min in the pursing stage. (3) The warp tension decreased gradually with the increasing of the warp releasing speed, which is proportional to the net position sinking rate. (4) The warp winding up speed was inversely related to the warp tension. The warp tension of the upward adjustment stage was larger than that of the pursing stage. As the warp winding up speed increased, the net mouth opening height increased. (5) During the stable towing stage, the towing speed and the warp length had a significant influence on the net mouth opening heigh. As the towing speed and warp length increased, the net mouth opening height decreased. (6) In the natural sinking stage, when the warp releasing speed was too high and the net sinking speed increased, the phenomenon of “overshoot” occurred. These results can inform adjustments to the net position during Antarctic krill trawling and improve the efficiency of future trawling. They also serve as essential data for the verification model test and numerical simulations of the performance of a mid-water trawl.

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银利强,唐浩,许柳雄,刘志强,刘伟,张天舒,贾明秀.南极磷虾拖网渔具系统动态变化[J].中国水产科学,2022,29(6):928-937
YIN Liqiang, TANG Hao, XU Liuxiong, LIU Zhiqiang, LIU Wei, ZHANG Tianshu, JIA Mingxiu. The dynamic change of net system for Antarctic krill trawl[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2022,29(6):928-937

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-07-19
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