中国主要产地“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹的营养品质比较
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丁昊翔(1997–),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为甲壳动物生态养殖和遗传育种.E-mail:744409296@qq.com

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S966

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上海市科委部分地方院校能力建设项目(20050501600); 上海市人才发展资金项目(2018100); 浙江长兴县农业科技试验项目(2021NK01).


Comparative study of the nutritional quality of outseason crab at lunar June (Eriocheir sinensis) from major Chinese production areas
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    摘要:

    “六月黄中华绒螯蟹”(Eriocheir sinensis)(以下简称六月黄)是指农历 6 月上市未完成生殖蜕壳的亚成体雄蟹, 近年来我国中华绒螯蟹主产区六月黄的养殖规模和供应量迅速增加, 尚不清楚不同产地六月黄的可食率和营养组成。通过采集我国 6 个中华绒螯蟹主产区(浙江湖州、江苏阳澄湖、上海崇明、江苏长荡湖、江苏洪泽湖和山东微山湖)的六月黄样品, 分析比较 6 产地六月黄的可食率、色泽参数、常规生化和脂肪酸组成。结果显示: (1) 各产地六月黄的出肉率、肝胰腺指数和总可食率分别为 10.17%~11.87%、27.83%~29.23%和 39.44%~40.37%, 不同产地间均无显著性差异(P>0.05); (2) 微山湖六月黄蟹壳的 L* (亮度)值和 b* (黄度)值显著高于其他地区(P<0.05), 阳澄湖六月黄蟹壳的 a* (红度)值最高; 湖州六月黄蟹肝胰腺的 L*值和 b*最低, 微山湖六月黄蟹肝胰腺的 L*、a*和 b*值均最高; (3) 崇明六月黄肝胰腺中的水分和灰分含量最高, 洪泽湖六月黄的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于湖州的 (P<0.05); 6 群体肌肉中的水分、粗脂肪及灰分均无显著性差异(P>0.05), 仅洪泽湖和微山湖六月黄肌肉的粗蛋白含量显著高于湖州和长荡湖的(P<0.05); (4) 洪泽湖六月黄肝胰腺中的总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)含量显著高于阳澄湖及微山湖的, 且其 DHA、EPA 和总长链多不饱和脂肪酸(∑LC-PUFA)含量最高(P<0.05); 湖州六月黄肌肉中的 ∑PUFA 含量最高, 洪泽湖六月黄肌肉中的 DHA 含量最高, 且 n-3/n-6 比值显著高于湖州的(P<0.05)。研究表明, 6 产地六月黄可食率和常规生化组成接近, 6 产地六月黄色泽和脂肪酸组成存在显著性差异, 阳澄湖和微山湖六月黄 a*值和 b*值相对较高, 阳澄湖、长荡湖和洪泽湖六月黄可食组织中的 DHA 含量较高, 这可能与其养殖环境和投喂饵料有关。

    Abstract:

    Out-season crab at lunar June (Eriocheir sinensis) refers to a juvenile male crab that has not completed reproductive molting, which occurs in June as per the lunar calendar. In recent years, the breeding scale and supply of the outseason crab at lunar June from the main river crab production area in China have increased rapidly. However, the edible yield and nutritional composition of the outseason crab from different areas are unknown. In this study, the edible yield, color parameters, proximate composition, and fatty acid composition of the outseason crabs at lunar June from six major crab producing areas in China (Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, Yangcheng Lake in Jiangsu Province, Chongming in Shanghai, Changdang Lake in Jiangsu Province, Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, and Weishan Lake in Shandong Province) were compared. The meat yield, hepatopancreas index, and total edibility of the outseason crab at lunar June ranged from 10.17%–11.87%, 27.83%–29.23%, and 39.44%– 40.37%, respectively, with no significant differences found among the groups (P>0.05). The L* (brightness) and b* (yellowness) values of the outseason crab at lunar June from Weishan Lake were significantly higher than those of crabs from other regions (P<0.05). Further, the outseason crab at lunar June from Yangcheng Lake had the highest a* (redness) values; crab hepatopancreas from Huzhou had the lowest L* and b* values; and outseason crabs from Weishan Lake had the highest L*, a*, and b* values. The hepatopancreas of the outseason crab at lunar June from Chongming had the highest moisture and ash. In addition, the crude protein and crude fat contents of the outseason crab at lunar June from Hongze Lake were significantly higher than those of the crabs from Huzhou (P<0.05). The moisture, crude fat, and ash contents of the muscles of the six groups were not found to differ (P>0.05) significantly. Moreover, only the crude protein contents of the outseason crab at lunar June from Hongze Lake and Weishan Lake were significantly higher than those of the crabs from Huzhou and Changdang Lake (P<0.05). The total polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑PUFA) content in the hepatopancreas of the outseason crab at lunar June from Hongze Lake was significantly higher than that of the crabs from Yangcheng Lake and Weishan Lake. Further, these crabs had the highest DHA, EPA, and total long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑LC-PUFA) content (P<0.05). The muscle of outseason crab at lunar June from Huzhou had the highest ∑PUFA content, while the muscle of the outseason crab at lunar June from Hongze Lake had the highest DHA content. The n-3/n-6 ratio of the crab from Hongze Lake was also significantly higher than that of the crab from Huzhou (P<0.05). In summary, the edible yield and proximate composition of the outseason crab at lunar June from the six major production areas were similar; however, large differences in color and fatty acid composition were found among these crabs. The a* and b* values of the outseason crab at lunar June from Yangcheng Lake and Weishan Lake were relatively high. Further, the edible tissues of the outseason crab at lunar June from Yangcheng Lake, Changdang Lake, and Hongze Lake had high DHA content, which may be related to their breeding environment and feeding bait.

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丁昊翔,唐美君,姜晓东,房伟平,成永旭,吴旭干.中国主要产地“六月黄”中华绒螯蟹的营养品质比较[J].中国水产科学,2022,29(7):1052-1063
DING Haoxiang, TANG Meijun, JIANG Xiaodong, FANG Weiping, CHENG Yongxu, WU Xugan. Comparative study of the nutritional quality of outseason crab at lunar June (Eriocheir sinensis) from major Chinese production areas[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2022,29(7):1052-1063

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-01
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