秦岭黑河流域鱼类群落结构及其历史变化
作者:
作者简介:

边坤(1985–),男,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事动物生态学研究.E-mail:biankun@ms.xab.ac.cn

中图分类号:

S931

基金项目:

陕西省重点研发计划项目(2017SF-395); 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018NY-108); 陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2018K-10)


Current status and historical changes of fish composition in the Heihe River, Qinling
Author:
  • 摘要
  • | |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献 [32]
  • | | | |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    秦岭黑河是西安市主要水源地, 其水生生态环境直接影响西安市乃至周边地区的社会稳定与可持续性发展。 为分析秦岭黑河鱼类群落结构特征及其历史变化, 揭示生态环境改变对鱼类群落的影响, 本研究结合历史资料和实地调查, 于 2018 年和 2019 年的 1 月、5 月、7 月和 11 月对黑河流域进行调查。研究共采集鱼类 7020 尾, 隶属 3 目 5 科 16 属 17 种, 其中鲤形目(Cypriniformes)最多, 占种类总数的 82.35%。在生态类型方面, 产黏性卵、杂食性和底栖性鱼类在黑河鱼类中占多数, 分别为总种类数的 76.47%、64.71%和 64.71%。流域中鱼类优势种为拉氏鱥 (Phoxinus lagowskii)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)。鱼类多样性指数范围分别为物种数(S)(12~17)、Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H′)(1.55~1.88)、Pielou 均匀度指数(J)(0.56~0.66)和 Margalef 丰富度指数(D)(1.54~2.15), 同时通常夏季鱼类多样性指数最高。通过聚类分析和 NMDS 分析可得, 黑河鱼类可划分为Ⅰ~Ⅲ共 3 个群落, 其中群落Ⅰ由水库生境鱼类组成, 群落Ⅱ和Ⅲ由峡谷生境鱼类组成。ABC 曲线分析显示, 不同季节中数量优势度曲线都高于生物量优势度曲线, W 统计值范围为–0.146~ –0.181, 秋季最高, 其次为冬季和春季, 夏季最低。与历史资料相比, 2010 年代和 20 世纪 80 年代的鱼类调查结果相似性指数为中等不相似(0.46)。研究结果表明, 秦岭黑河流域鱼类群落结构发生了显著变化, 推测水库建设和生境破坏是导致其变化的主要原因。

    Abstract:

    As the main source water supply of Xi’an city, the aquatic environment of the Heihe River directly affects the stability and sustainable development of the city and its surrounding area. To analyze the fish assemblage characteristics and historical change of the Heihe River and reveal the effect of ecologic environment change on fish assemblages, a field investigation of fish assemblage was carried out in January, May, July. and November of 2018–2019. A total of 7020 individuals from 17 species were collected, belonging to 16 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. Cypriniformes were dominant, accounting for 82.35% of the total species. Regarding ecological guilds, fish egg sticky, omnivorous, and demersal species dominated the Heihe River, accounting for 76.47%, 64.71%, and 64.71% of the total species, respectively. Dominant species were Phoxinus lagowskii (IRI=0.5559) and Pseudorasbora parva (IRI=0.1019). The number of species (S) ranged from 12 to 17, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) ranged from 1.55 to 1.88, the Pielou evenness index (J) ranged from 0.56 to 0.66, and the Margalef species richness index (D) ranged from 1.54 to 2.15. Meanwhile, the fish biodiversity index reached its highest value in summer. Through cluster analysis and anon-metric multidimensional scaling analysis, it was shown that the fish community in Heihe River could be divided into three groups, I–III. Of these, Group I was composed entirely of fish in the Jinpen Reservoir and Groups II and III comprised fish in the canyon environment. The k-dominance curves of abundance were above either of the biomass curves, and the W-statistic values were between ?0.146 and ?0.181 in four seasons. In addition, compared with the historical data, the similarity index between 2010s and 1980s was moderately dissimilar (0.46). The results suggests that the community structure of fish species in the Heihe River, Qinling, has changed significantly. Artificial drainage system construction and habitat destruction are potential underlying reasons for the observed shifts in the fish assemblages.

    参考文献
    [1] Huang H F,Luo Z T,Liu M X.The discovery of Brachymystax lenok(Pallas)in Shaanxi[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,1964,36(5):220.[黄洪富,罗志腾,刘美侠.细鳞鱼 Brachymystax lenok(Pallas)在陕西的发现[J].动物学杂志,1964,36(5):220.]
    [2] Li S Z.On a new subspecies of fresh-water trout,Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis,from Taipaishan,Shensi,China [J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,1966,3(1):92-94.[李思忠.陕西太白山细鳞鲑的一新亚种[J].动物分类学报,1966,3(1):92-94.]
    [3] Fang S M,Xu T Q,Song S L,et al.A studr on fauna of the fishes in Shanxi Province,China[J].Journal of Lanzhou University,1984,20(1):97-115.[方树淼,许涛清,宋世良,等.陕西省鱼类区系研究[J].兰州大学学报,1984,20(1):97-115.]
    [4] Song S L,Fang S M.Discussion of the sub species of Salmonidae fishes,Brachymystax lenok tsinlingesis Li,from Shanxi,China[J].Journal of Lanzhou University,1984,20(4):92-95.[宋世良,方树淼.秦岭细鳞鲑 Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li 亚种问题的商榷[J].兰州大学学报,1984,20(4):92-95.]
    [5] Zhang C G.On the ecological adaptation and geographical distribution of the barbine fish varicorhinus(scaphesthes)macrolepis(bleeker)[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,1986,32(3):266-272.[张春光.多鳞铲颌鱼的生态适应性及地理分布成因的探讨[J].动物学报,1986,32(3):266-272.]
    [6] Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Department of Biology,Lanzhou University.Fishes of Qinling mountain area[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987:12-214.[陕西省动物研究所,中国科学院水生生物研究所,兰州大学生物系.秦岭鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:12-214.]
    [7] Shaanxi Fisheries Institute,Department of biology,Shaanxi Normal University.Fishes of Shaanxi area[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1992:9-110.[陕西省水产研究所,陕西师范大学生物系.陕西鱼类志[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1992:9-110.]
    [8] Qi H M,Xu Z L,Chen J J.Analysis of temporal-spatial distribution of fish resources in the Taizhou Bay in spring and autumn[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(9):1351-1359.[齐海明,徐兆礼,陈佳杰.春秋季台州湾海域鱼类资源的时空分布特征研究[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1351-1359.]
    [9] Mou X X,Xu B D,Xue Y,et al.Fish assemblage structure and fauna discrimination in the coastal waters of southern Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(11):1734-1743.[牟秀霞,徐宾铎,薛莹,等.黄海南部近岸海域鱼类群落结构与区系划分[J].水产学报,2017,41(11):1734-1743.]
    [10] Guo J Z,Chen Z Z,Xu Y W,et al.The effects of anthropogenic activities on the diversity and succession of fish community in Daya Bay[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(3):595-607.[郭建忠,陈作志,许友伟,等.人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(3):595-607.]
    [11] Liu Y S,Tang S K,Li D M,et al.Characteristics of the fish community structure in Jiangsu reach of the Huaihe River[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2020,27(2):224-235.[刘燕山,唐晟凯,李大命,等.淮河江苏段鱼类群落结构特征[J].中国水产科学,2020,27(2):224-235.]
    [12] Liu Y,Cheng J H.A preliminary analysis of variation characteristics of structure and average trophic level of the main fishery species caught by paired bottom trawl in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea during the fall season[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(5):691-702.[刘勇,程家骅.东海、黄海秋季渔业生物群落结构及其平均营养级变化特征初步分析[J].水产学报,2015,39(5):691-702.]
    [13] Zhang J M,He Z H.Manual of investigation for Fisheries resources in inland waters[M].Beijing:Agriculture Press,1991:242-330.[张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1991:242-330.]
    [14] Zhu S Q.Retrieval of Freshwater Fishes in China[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press,1995:8-191.[朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995:8-191.]
    [15] Zhang Y P,Du Y Y,Hu Y B,et al.Discussion on taxonomic status of Gymnodiptychus pachy cheilus weiheensis wang et song[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2013,38(4):705-713.[张艳萍,杜岩岩,虎永彪,等.厚唇裸重唇鱼渭河亚种分类地位的探讨[J].动物分类学报,2013,38(4):705-713.]
    [16] Chen Y Y,et al.Fauna Sinica·Osteichthyes·Cypriniformes:Ⅱ[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:19-454.[陈宜瑜,等.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目:中卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:19-454.]
    [17] Yue P Q,et al.Fauna Sinica·Osteichthyes·Cypriniformes:Ⅲ[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:1-567.[乐佩琦,等.中国动物志·硬骨鱼纲·鲤形目:下卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:1-567.]
    [18] Ma K P.Method of diversity measurement for biological community:Ⅰ alpha diversity measurement method(1st part)[J].Chinese biodiversity,1994,2(3):162-168.[马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ α 多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.]
    [19] Ma K P,Liu Y M.Method of diversity measurement for biological community:Ⅰalpha diversity measurement method(2nd part)[J].Chinese biodiversity,1994,2(4):231-239.[马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ α 多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.]
    [20] Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson I L K.Food habits of albacore,bluefin tuna,and bonito in California waters[J].Fish Bulletin,1971,152:5-10.
    [21] Guan W,Xu Z L,Chen J J.Structure and diversity of fish communities in the waters south of Nanri Island[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(9):3172-3181.[管伟,徐兆礼,陈佳杰.福建南日岛南部水域鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3172-3181.]
    [22] Yu N J,Yu C G,Xu Y J,et al.Fish community structure and biodiversity in the offshore waters of Zhoushan Islands in spring and autumn[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2021,45(8):1374-1383.[于南京,俞存根,许永久,等.舟山群岛外海域春秋季鱼类群落结构及生物多样性[J].水产学报,2021,45(8):1374-1383.]
    [23] Yemane D,Field J G,Leslie R W.Exploring the effects of fishing on fish assemblages using Abundance Biomass Comparison(ABC)curves[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2005,62(3):374-379.
    [24] Ma K P,Liu C R,Liu Y M.Method of diversity measurement for biological community:Ⅱ beta diversity measurement method[J].Chinese Biodiversity,1995,3(1):38-43.[马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱ:β 多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.]
    [25] Chang T,Liu H Z.Impacts of cascade dams on fish in the mainstream of Mississippi River and the mitigation measures [J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2020,44(6):1330-1341.[常涛,刘焕章.密西西比河干流大坝建设对鱼类的影响及保护措施[J].水生生物学报,2020,44(6):1330-1341.]
    [26] Zheng W M,Yang G,Zhang T,et al.Community structure analysis of swimming species in the Yangtze River Estuary Hengsha Shoal and adjacent waters in summer[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2020,27(12):1477-1484.[郑文明,杨刚,张涛,等.长江口横沙浅滩及邻近水域夏季游泳动物群落结构分析[J].中国水产科学,2020,27(12):1477-1484.]
    [27] Zhao Y H,Xing Y C,Lv B B,et al.Species diversity and conservation of freshwater fishes in the Yellow River Basin[J].Biodiversity Science,2020,28(12):1496-1510.[赵亚辉,邢迎春,吕彬彬,等.黄河流域淡水鱼类多样性和保护[J].生物多样性,2020,28(12):1496-1510.]
    [28] Sá-Oliveira J C,Hawes J E,Isaac-Nahum V J,et al.Upstream and downstream responses of fish assemblages to an eastern Amazonian hydroelectric dam[J].Freshwater Biology,2015,60(10):2037-2050.
    [29] Agostinho A A,Gomes L C,Santos N C L,et al.Fish assemblages in Neotropical reservoirs:Colonization patterns,impacts and management[J].Fisheries Research,2016,173:26-36.
    [30] Loures R C,Pompeu P S.Temporal changes in fish diversity in lotic and lentic environments along a reservoir cascade[J].Freshwater Biology,2019,64(10):1806-1820.
    [31] Li T,Tang L,Wang L,et al.Distribution characteristics and ecological types changes in fish communities under hydropower development from Xiluodu to Xiangjiaba reach[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(4):1473-1485.[李婷,唐磊,王丽,等.水电开发对鱼类种群分布及生态类型变化的影响——以溪洛渡至向家坝河段为例[J].生态学报,2020,40(4):1473-1485.]
    [32] He B,Yan T,Huang Y Y,et al.Analysis of fish resources status in the upper reaches of the Dadu River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2021,51(1):38-45.[何斌,颜涛,黄颖颖,等.大渡河上游鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,2021,51(1):38-45.]
    相似文献
    引证文献
    网友评论
    网友评论
    分享到微博
    发 布
引用本文

边坤,张建禄,苟妮娜,靳铁治,郭林文,王开锋.秦岭黑河流域鱼类群落结构及其历史变化[J].中国水产科学,2022,29(8):1210-1222
BIAN Kun, ZHANG Jianlu, GOU Nina, JIN Tiezhi, GUO Linwen, WANG Kaifeng. Current status and historical changes of fish composition in the Heihe River, Qinling[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2022,29(8):1210-1222

复制
分享
文章指标
  • 点击次数:794
  • 下载次数: 835
  • HTML阅读次数: 1521
  • 引用次数: 0
历史
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-08
文章二维码