Collichthys lucidus is a demersal fish with a high economic value that has demonstrated an ability to adapt to warm water. Many scholars have studied the embryonic and larval development, morphological differences of geographical groups, feeding habits, and genetic structure of Collichthys lucidus. In this study, specimens of Collichthys lucidus larvae and juveniles were collected using a larval net (mouth diameter, 1.3 m; mesh size, 0.5 mm) in the north of Hangzhou Bay between June and July, 2014 to evaluate vertebral column and appendicular skeleton development. A series of wild specimens (body length, 3.3–12.7 mm) were stained for both cartilage and bone. The results showed that the larval notochord did not appear segmented until the first segment was formed by the bone rings gradually growing out from the front to the back. Ossification occurred in an anterior-to-posterior direction. The neural arch also grew in this direction and was completely formed before the ossification of the notochord, while the neural arch of lower fish grew from middle to both ends or from posterior to anterior. Therefore, the growth type of Collichthys lucidus belonged to relatively higher fish. The pectoral fin of fish plays a very important role in swimming, wherein being able to swim and eat freely is a key condition for the evolution from endogenous to exogenous nutrition. The pectoral fin supports of Collichthys lucidus were first to develop among the appendicular skeleton, and the post-temporal had four spines protruding in different directions. The dorsal fin supports first developed in the middle of body, before gradually growing to both ends. Furthermore, the dorsal fin supports in the front of the body were longer than those in the back. The ossification of the caudal fin supports occurred subsequent to that of other appendicular bones, and the lateral inferior caudal bone fused with the bases of two adjacent inferior caudal bones. This type of fusion can enhance the swimming ability of fish. For example, the flying fish Parexocoetus mento mento glides quickly on the surface of the water before taking off, with this type of fusion providing power for the flying action. These findings not only provide a scientific basis for early morphological classification in bone development but also provide insights into the role of bone development in the process of artificial reproduction in Collichthys lucidus.