Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is an important pelagic fishery resource in the East China and Yellow Seas. Being a poikilotherm, its body temperature is sensitive to environmental temperature, and climate warming-induced alterations in the marine ecosystem have negatively impacted the life history and population dynamics of poikilothermal fish such as the chub mackerel. Understanding the relationships that climate warming shares with the individual life history of chub mackerel and its population dynamics are crucial for the sustainable utilization and scientific management of its resources. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of climate warming on growth, reproduction, survival, and population status of chub mackerel in the East China and Yellow Seas. We constructed the dynamic energy budget integral projection model (DEB-IPM) using dynamic energy budget and integral projection models. The results show that: (1) climate warming will increase the growth rate of chub mackerel in the early stage (age＜220 d), decrease the maximum body weight of adults, increase absolute fecundity, and increase natural mortality. Consequently, chub mackerel individuals will allocate more assimilative energy to reproduction, thus limiting the growth and abundance of large individuals in chub mackerel populations and causing individuals to be smaller in size. (2) The population growth rate of chub mackerel showed a unimodal change with temperature, i.e., population growth rate increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. (3) The growth and reproduction of small and medium-sized chub mackerel individuals (200–600 g) during the early growth stages were responsible for disturbing their population dynamics. However, under the influence of climate warming, the contribution of growth and reproduction of chub mackerel to allocation of optimal energy for population growth would be altered. This change led to a decreasing body weight with increasing temperature, corresponding to the peak of the sensitivity contribution. Hence, it is more important to protect the early stages of chub mackerel. While acknowledging uncertainties in estimating and setting model parameters, the DEB-IPM can simulate the effects of climate warming on the life history characteristics of chub mackerel individuals as well as the changes in population dynamics. This model serves as a valuable theoretical and modeling tool that facilitates the scientific management of chub mackerel in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea under the conditions of climate warming.