There are many coastal islands in Zhejiang Province. Affected by multiple factors such as Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current, Taiwan Warm Current, and diluted river water, an ecological environment with abundant nutrients and sufficient food, which provides an ideal habitat and food source for many marine organisms, has been formed. Fish adapt significantly to these environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, depth, chlorophyll a concentration, and pH, and usually only grow and reproduce in specific environments. Therefore, it is of positive significance for the sustainable utilization of fishery resources and fishery management to study the selection of suitable areas for fish and its relationship with environmental factors and to predict the distribution of the potentially suitable areas. Setipinna taty is widely distributed in the coastal waters of China. It has attracted much attention due to its rapid growth, early sexual maturity, and strong resource recovery ability. In recent years, the fishing species in Zhejiang coastal waters have gradually shifted to small fish due to the decline of fishery resources. As one of the main fishing species in Zhejiang coastal waters at present, the protection and sustainable utilization of Setipinna taty resources are particularly important. However, there is still a lack of research on the distribution of potential suitable areas of Setipinna taty. Based on 81 distribution points recorded during the bottom trawl survey of the spawning ground in the offshore area of Zhejiang Province, in combination with six marine environmental data such as salinity, chlorophyll a, and primary productivity, we used the maximum entropy model to predict the spatial distribution of the potentially suitable areas of Setipinna taty, explore the relationship between its distribution and the main influencing factors, and comprehend the distribution characteristics of Setipinna taty The research also explored the relationship between its distribution and major influencing factors. The results were as follows: (1) The MaxEnt model demonstrated good prediction accuracy and reliability (AUC=0.812) for simulating potentially suitable areas for Setipinna taty. (2) Salinity, chlorophyll a, and primary productivity were identified as key factors affecting the distribution of potentially suitable areas for Setipinna taty; among them, the percent contribution of salinity was the highest (PC=49.10%), which was an important factor affecting its distribution. (3) The high suitability areas for Setipinna taty were concentrated in the north of Zhoushan fishing ground, the waters around Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan County, Sanmen County, and the coastal waters of Wenzhou, accounting for approximately 22.88% of the sea area. The remainder of the potential suitability area was centered around the high suitability area. The objective of this study was to offer a theoretical foundation for the protection and sustainable utilization of Setipinna taty resource in the coastal waters of Zhejiang. In addition, the important role of environmental factors in fish distribution was revealed by predicting the potential suitable area of Setipinna taty in the coastal waters of Zhejiang. We should fully consider and monitor the changes in key environmental factors in future protection of fishery resources to ensure the sustainable development of fishery resources.