To understand current status of fish spawning and suitable spawning habitats in northern Liaodong Bay, this study utilized data from 14 surveys on fish eggs and larvae. Cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) were applied to characterize the community structure of fish eggs and larvae. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Mantel tests were used to explore the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton and their relationships with environmental variables, including sea surface and bottom temperature (SSTand SBT), sea surface and bottom salinity (SSS and SBS), depth, monthly runoff of the Liao River (RD), and plankton wet weight (WW). A total of 51 fish species at early life stages were identified and recorded during the survey period. The community structure of fish eggs and larvae exhibited significant monthly succession, with species turnover rates exceeding 50% and average monthly dissimilarity over 71.2%. NMDS and month-based cluster analyses revealed that fish eggs could be classified into three groups, while larvae could be divided into four groups. The major spawning period in the northern Liaodong Bay occurred from late May to late July and in December. No single species overwhelmingly dominated the early life stage assemblages. The primary spawning species included Pholis fangi, Ammodytes personatus, Planilaza haematocheilus, Konosirus punctatus, Engraulis japonicus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Thryssa kammalensis, Setipinna tenuifilis, Johnius grypotus, and Cynoglossus joyneri. From late May to late July, the main spawning grounds were concentrated near the estuarine areas of the Xiaoling, Daling, Liao, and Daliao rivers, from Jinzhou Bay to the north of Baisha Bay. In December, larvae were mainly concentrated in the waters north of Lianshan Bay to Taiping Bay. SST, RD, and Depth were identified as the key environmental factors affecting the spatio-temporal variation of fish early life stage communities. SST had a particularly important influence, driving seasonal shifts in dominant spawning species, with temperature preferences shifting from warm-temperate to warm-temperate & warm-water and eventually to cold-temperate types. The spatial distributions of S. tenuifilis and J. grypotus eggs, as well as K. punctatus, T. kammalensis, and P. haematocheilus larvae, were positively correlated with SST, while the densities of E. japonicus, S. niphonius eggs and P. fangi, A. personatus larvae showed negative correlations with SST. RD influenced the gradient of salinity and nutrient levels, indirectly affecting the distribution of fish eggs and larvae. The distributions of C. joyneri, J. grypotus eggs and K. punctatus, P. fangi, T. kammalensis larvae were positively correlated with RD, whereas S. niphonius eggs and A. personatus larvae were negatively correlated. Depth was closely related to the physical-chemical characteristics of the water column and the structure of biological communities, significantly affecting fish spawning ground selection. J. grypotus, C. joyneri eggs and P. haematocheilus larvae were positively associated with depth, whereas S. tenuifilis eggs and K. punctatus, T. kammalensis larvae showed negative correlations. This study provides baseline data for the evaluation and conservation of early life stages of fish in Liaodong Bay.