the immune system, the mature TGF-β1 peptide is a potent differentiation modulator and immunomodulator, with the ability to down-regulate the expression of many cytokinesTGF-β1 from seahorse () using homology cloning approach combined with RACE method. The full length 1 941 bp, which contains an ORF of 1 161 bp, encoding a 386 amino acid protein. Homology analysis showed that the seahorseTGF-β1 had the closest relationship with the TGF-β1 of the Epinephelus coioides)mRNA was found in the kidney, followed by the liver, cerebrum, cerebellum, skin, midbrain, ovary, and the expression level were low in the gill and intestine, while no expression was detected in the heart and muscle. Recombinant seahorse Quick Coupled Transcription/Translation Systems, then cross-linked using bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) subetate (BS³) and formed rTGF-β1. Western-blot test results showed that the recombinant protein has a good immunological activityThe acquired rTGF-β1 protein was used to stimulate HeLa cells. Expression level of Smad signaling pathway downstream genes showed Smad3, Smad4 were markedly expressed, Smad7 was weakly expressed. is conserved as other TGF-β1 has a specific biological activity which can induce the activation of Smad signaling pathway in human cells.