饲料锌对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响
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1. 中国水产科学研究院 长江水产研究所, 农业部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室, 湖北 武汉 430223; 2. 华中农业大学 水产学院, 淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心, 湖北 武汉 430070

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作者简介: 蒋明(1979–), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事鱼类营养与饲料研究. E-mail: jiangm.hb@163.com 通信作者: 文华, 研究员. E-mail: wenhua.hb@163.com

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S963

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国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系项目(CARS-46); 2010 年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201003020); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2013JBFM22).


Effects of dietary zinc on growth, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidant responses in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala
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1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; 2. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural Univer

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    摘要:

    以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源, 七水硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)为Zn 源, 分别配制成7 种Zn 含量(7.4 mg/kg、20.3 mg/kg、32.1 mg/kg、51.0 mg/kg、84.4 mg/kg、169.7 mg/kg、332.4 mg/kg)的半纯化饲料, 投喂初始体重为(3.6±0.1) g 团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)12 周, 考察Zn 对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响, 确定团头鲂幼鱼对饲料Zn 的需要量。结果表明, 随着饲料Zn 含量增加, 团头鲂增重率、特定生长率和全鱼Zn 含量呈先增加后稳定的趋势; 全鱼水分含量显著降低(P<0.05), 粗蛋白含量显著增加。饲料Zn 含量对团头鲂饲料系数无显著影响。饲料中添加Zn 显著影响血清总蛋白、尿素氮、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇以及甘油三酯含量, 而对血清白蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性无显著影响。随着饲料中Zn 含量的增加, 团头鲂肝丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05), 而肝过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性在各处理间均无显著差异。折线回归分析表明, 团头鲂幼鱼(体重3.6~26.7 g)获得最佳生长时对饲料Zn 需要量为32.6 mg/kg, 获得最大鱼体Zn 含量时Zn 的需要量为47.6 mg/kg。本研究旨在确定团头鲂幼鱼对饲料中Zn 的需要量, 为配制团头鲂高效环保饲料提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element in fish. It functions as a cofactor in several enzyme systems and isinvolved in many important physiological processes, including improved growth and development, immune function,and defense against free radicals. Signs of impaired growth, increased mortality, cataracts, short body dwarfism, andlow tissue Zn may occur in fish fed a Zn-deficient diet. In contrast, excessive dietary Zn can negatively affect the nutritionalstatus of other elements, such as iron, cadmium, and magnesium. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure minimaldietary levels to meet the requirement and be certain that levels do not exceed the maximal limits, which can affectgrowth and other responses in fish. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is in the Cyprinidae family, whichis one of the largest fish families in the world. Production of cyprinids reached about 0.71 million tons in 2011, which isthe seventh most freshwater-cultured fish species in China (Bureau of Fisheries of the Ministry of Agriculture , China,2012). The blunt snout bream has become an important and popular freshwater species. The dietary zinc requirementforblunt snout bream is reportedly 20–184 mg/kg. We conducted a 12-week growth experiment to quantify the optimumdietary Zn requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream and evaluated its effects on antioxidant responses in this species.Seven experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of Zn (7.4 mg/kg, 20.3 mg/kg, 32.1 mg/kg,51.0 mg/kg, 84.4 mg/kg, 169.7 mg/kg, and 332.4 mg/kg diet, supplied as ZnSO4·7H2O. Casein and gelatin were used asdietary protein sources). Each diet was assigned to three replicate groups of 40 fish [initial body weight, (3.6±0.1) g]cultured in 500-L aquaria (r=0.9 m, h=0.75 m). The results showed that the rate of weight gain increased linearly withthe increase in dietary Zn level, then remained nearly unchanged in the high Zn treatment groups (≥32.1 mg/kg). Specificgrowth rate and fish Zn content showed a similar tendency with rate of weight gain. Whole body moisture contentof blunt snout bream decreased significantly in the supplemented groups compared to that in the un-supplementedgroup (P<0.05), whereas whole body crude protein content increased significantly in the supplemented groups comparedto that in the un-supplemented group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the food conversion rateamong the treatments (P>0.05). The serum chemistry analysis showed that dietary Zn had significant effects on contentsof total protein, urea nitrogen, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (P<0.05), but noeffect on albumin content or alkaline phosphatase activity (P>0.05). Hepatic malondialdehyde content decreased significantly(P<0.05), whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase remained unchanged with increases in the dietary Znsupplement rate (P>0.05). A broken-line regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary Zn requirement of bluntsnout bream was 32.6 mg/kg for maximum growth and 47.6 mg/kg for maximum fish Zn concentration. These resultsincrease our knowledge of the zinc requirement in blunt snout bream to enhance the feed quality and discover the versatilefunctions of Zn in blunt snout bream.

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蒋明,黄凤,文华,王卫民,吴凡,刘伟,田娟,杨长庚.饲料锌对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1167-1176
JIANG Ming, HUANG Feng, WEN Hua, WANG Weimin, WU Fan, LIU Wei, TIAN Juan, YANG Changgeng. Effects of dietary zinc on growth, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidant responses in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2015,22(6):1167-1176

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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-11-26
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