Formulated diets are an important factor in the sustainable development of aquaculture. However, no information is available on the growth performance or gonadal development of based on the formulated diets they are fed in pond culture. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the growth performance, survival, precocity rate of first-year crabs, gonadal development of second-year crabs, crab yield, size distribution, and feed conversion rate (FCR) of during the first and second years of pond culture when fed formulated diets. (1) During the whole juvenile crab culture stage (first year), no significant difference was detected in the growth performance of males and females, the average specific growth rate (SGR) was about 1.9%/d, and growth was rapid from June to September; the mean survival and precocity rates were around 10.0% and 4.9%, respectively, and females had significantly higher precocity rates than males; at the end of the first year of culture, the bodyweights of the precocious crabs and normal juveniles were around 19.8 g and 7.5 g, respectively, whereas the average yields of precocious crabs and normal juveniles were 229 kg/hm² and 2433 kg/hm², respectively; dietary consumption mainly occurred between July and October, which accounted for more than 80% of the total feed consumption, and the feed consumption was related to the crab biomass and water temperature; FCR was around 2.15 for the whole juvenile culture period. (2) During the whole adult crab culture stage (second year), the average SGRs of the female and male crabs were about 1.6%/d and 1.4%/d, respectively, and the males grew faster than the females after June; the final mean body weights of the adult males and females were around 126 g and 181 g, respectively; the survival rates of the females and males were 61.30% and 53.47%, respectively, and the overall survival was 58.4%, whereas the yields were around 412.20 kg/hm² (females), 536.10 kg/hm² (males), and 950 kg/hm² (overal); the highest dietary consumption by the adult crabs was recorded during the period from July to October, and FCR was 2.63 for the whole adult culture stage. (3) Pubescent molting predominantly occurred from August to September, and around 20 days earlier in females than in males; the rapid gonadal development of females occurred between September and October after the pubescent molt, whereas the gonadal development of the males took longer, and the gonadosomatic index reached around 0.8% before the pubescent molt; in both females and males, the hepatosomatic index tended to decline during the gonadal development period. In conclusion, feeding pond-reared a formulated diet ensures their normal growth and development during the first and second years in culture. This regimen could be extended to large-scale aquaculture practice to improve the productivity of the farming industry.