Food intake is one of the most important index in aquaculture industry. Studies on the regulation of food intake in teleost fishes will help to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of feed formula and the im-provement of breeding management in fish farming. In vertebrates, food intake is controlled by a highly complex process involving elaborate cooperation between the central and peripheral signals. Among these, neuropeptide Y (NPY) family peptides which take part in both the brain and peripheral regulation of food intake are crucial in this aspect. In mammals, there are three kinds of NPY family peptides, a key orexigenic factor in the brain, NPY, as well as the gut-derived anorexigenic factors peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). These peptides exert their biological functions via NPY family receptors. NPY family peptides and receptors are coordinately called NPY system. In teleosts, the NPY system is more complex owing to the third round of genome doubling in this lineage. However, the regulation of food intake by NPY system has not been well studied in teleosts, especially the NPY receptor subtypes involved in. This paper reviewed the recent progress of research on the composition of NPY system, their binding abilities, as well as the roles of NPY family peptides and receptors in food intake regulation in teleosts, and will contribute to the future studies.