DNA barcoding systems are efficient tools to standardize the management and sharing of barcode data. On the basis of collecting the voucher specimens and corresponding DNA barcodes of important Chinese fishery species, the project team unified and standardized species and barcode information, established the relationships among species, voucher specimens, and DNA barcodes, and constructed the Chinese Fishery DNA Barcoding System (www.fishery-barcode.cn). This system comprises species, voucher specimen, and sequence databases. It includes the voucher specimen and corresponding DNA barcodes of 6020 fishery species. The platform offers convenient and fast web searches and provides a tool to identify unknown fishery species. This study constructed a DNA barcoding system aimed at Chinese fishery species for the first time, and achieved data sharing and collaboration, and will provide a useful resource for species classification, germplasm resource utilization, protection of endangered species, and aquatic product species identification.