农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室, 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所, 湖北 武汉 430223
刘伟(1982-),男,博士,副研究员,从事水产动物营养与饲料研究.E-mail:liuwei@yfi.ac.cn
S963
国家自然科学基金项目（31602178）；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目（CARS-46）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目（2018JBF05）
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
为探讨高水平烟酸对鱼类脂代谢和体脂沉积的影响，本研究以吉富罗非鱼（）为研究对象，设计了2个实验。在实验I中，为确定烟酸是否具有改善血脂作用及其适宜水平，首先通过高糖高脂饲料喂养初始体重（15.28±0.23） g的实验鱼40 d，建立高血脂模型，随后改投添加500 mg/kg、1000 mg/kg、2000 mg/kg烟酸的饲料。结果发现添加500~2000 mg/kg的烟酸，均有降低实验鱼血清胆固醇和甘油三酯水平的作用，但以1000~ 2000 mg/kg的效果较为显著。在实验Ⅱ中，采用2×2双因素实验设计，研究了2种饲料类型（对照组和高糖高脂饲料）和2个烟酸水平（100 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg）对初始体重（24.45±0.07） g实验鱼生长、饲料利用、血脂水平和体成分的影响。养殖8周。结果发现，饲料类型或烟酸水平未对实验鱼的末体重、增重率、特定生长率、肥满度、脏体比和肠脂比，以及全鱼粗脂肪、粗蛋白、水分和灰分含量等生长性能指标产生显著影响（ > 0.05）。与投喂对照组饲料的相比，投喂高糖高脂饲料的实验鱼对饲料干物质和总能的表观消化率，及其血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸水平，肝脏、内脏、腹肌的粗脂肪含量显著升高（<0.05）。饲料类型和烟酸水平仅对实验鱼血清的高密度脂蛋白和胆固醇水平存在显著的交互作用（<0.05）。结果表明，饲料中添加1000 mg/kg烟酸不会影响吉富罗非鱼的生长性能和饲料利用，并具有降低血脂水平和肝脏脂肪含量的作用。
To investigate the effects of high niacin levels on lipid metabolism and body fat deposition in fish, two experiments on genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, ) were designed. In experiment I, to determine whether high niacin can decrease serum lipid content in fish and its appropriate level, a model of hyperlipidemia was established by first feeding GIFT (initial body weight:15.28±0.23 g) a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet for 40 d; subsequently, these fish were fed diets containing 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg niacin. The results showed that the addition of 500-2000 mg/kg niacin in the diet could reduce fish serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and that 1000-2000 mg/kg niacin had more highly significant effects. In experimental Ⅱ, a 2×2 factorial study was conducted to investigate the effects of two diet types (the control diet and high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet) and two niacin levels (100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) on the growth, feed utilization, serum lipid level, and body composition of GIFT (initial body weight:24.45±0.07 g). The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that neither of the diet types nor niacin levels had significant effects ( > 0.05) on the final mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feeding intake, condition factor, viscerosomatic index, mesenteric fat index, or the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat, or crude fat, crude protein, moisture, and ash content of the whole fish. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and energy, and the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acid (FFA), and the crude fat contents of liver, viscera, and abdominal muscle of fish fed the high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than those of the control group. The serum low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and FFA, and liver crude fat contents of fish fed the diets contain 1000 mg/kg niacin were significantly lower ( < 0.05) than those fed the diets containing 100 mg/kg niacin. There were significant interactions ( < 0.05) between dietary types and niacin levels on serum high density lipoprotein and cholesterol contents. These results indicated that the supplementation of 1000 mg/kg niacin in the diet would not affect the growth performance and feed utilization of GIFT. However, it could reduce the levels of serum lipids and liver fat content.
刘伟,文华,陆星,蒋明,吴凡,田娟,喻丽娟.高水平烟酸对吉富罗非鱼脂代谢和体脂沉积的影响[J].中国水产科学,2019,26(3):473-483
LIU Wei, WEN Hua, LU Xing, JIANG Ming, WU Fan, TIAN Juan, YU Lijuan. Effects of high levels of niacin on lipid metabolism and body fat deposition in genetically improved farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2019,26(3):473-483
