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首页 > 过刊浏览>2020年第27卷第10期 >1210-1221. DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1118.2020.20010
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长江口盐沼湿地鱼类群落优势种的时空生态位特征
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作者简介:

苗中博(1993-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为水生生物学.E-mail:miauzb@126.com

通讯作者:

赵峰,研究员,研究方向为渔业资源养护与生态修复.E-mail:zhaof@ecsf.ac.cn


Characteristics of spatial and temporal ecological niches of the dominant species of fish assemblages in the saltmarsh wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary
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    摘要:

    为了解长江口盐沼湿地优势鱼类群落结构及其种间关系，采用插网调查，利用2019年5—10月的调查数据，基于生态位宽度和生态位重叠度指数对长江口崇明东滩（31°27'N，121°56'E）和九段沙盐沼湿地（31°10'N，121°57'E）鱼类群落的优势种生态位进行研究。研究结果表明，春、夏、秋3个季节共采获10个优势种，其中鮻（Liza haematocheila）、花鲈（Lateolabrax maculatus）和拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼（Odontamblyopus rubicundus）在3个季节中均为优势种。在10个优势种中，时间生态位宽度值变化范围为0.11~1.70，其中拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼时间生态位宽度值最大，小黄鱼（Larimichthys polyactis）值最小；空间生态位宽度值变化范围为0.57~1.53，其中棱鮻（Liza carinatus）空间生态位宽度值最大，小黄鱼值最小。长江口盐沼湿地鱼类优势种生态位宽度呈现显著的季节性变化趋势。长江口盐沼湿地鱼类优势种的时空生态位重叠值较高，其中具重叠意义的鱼种对（species pairs）高达73.33%，具有显著重叠意义的鱼种对高达48.89%。结论认为，长江口盐沼湿地鱼类优势种的时空分布具有相似性，存在明显的竞争关系。

    Abstract:

    The ecological niche is widely used to study species relationships, biodiversity, and community structures. It is also an important method to evaluate inter-and intra-species competition and the status of a population in the community. To understand the community structure and interspecific relationships of fishes in the saltmarsh wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary (YE), this research examined the IRI (index of relative importance), mean clumping index, niche breadth, and niche overlap in the YE using fyke net data from May to October 2019. Ten dominant fish species were collected in three seasons, among which Liza haematocheila, Lateolabrax maculatus, and Odontamblyopus rubicundus were three co-dominant species. Among the 10 dominant fishes, the temporal niche breadth varied from 0.11 to 1.70; Odontamblyopus rubicundus (1.70) had the highest temporal niche breadth, and Larimichthys polyactis (0.11) had the lowest. The spatial niche breadth varied from 0.57-1.53; Liza carinatus (1.53) had the highest spatial niche breadth, and Larimichthys polyactis (0.57) had the lowest. The temporal niche overlap of the dominant fishes varied from 0 to 0.99; 34 species pairs (75.56%) overlapped, while 6 species pairs (13.33%) did not overlap. The spatial niche overlap varied from 0.20 to 0.98; 36 species pairs (80.00%) overlapped, but 2 species pairs (4.44%) did not. The temporal and spatial niches of the dominant fishes in the salt marsh wetlands had distinct seasonal dynamics. Most of the species pairs had spatiotemporal niche overlap (73.33%), and 48.89% of the species pairs reached significant ecological niche overlap, indicating similarities in the spatiotemporal distributions of the dominant fishes in the saltmarsh wetlands. However, competition for the spatial and temporal resources was not the decisive factor affecting the community structure. In conclusion, this research suggests similar spatial and temporal distributions for the dominant fishes in the saltmarsh wetlands, reflecting the competitive relationships between fishes for the utilization of the temporal and spatial resources. Nonetheless, this competition did not affect the fish community structure. The differences in resource utilization may be related to the individual fishes' habits and environment. Further studies of the trophic niches of fish in the saltmarsh wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary are required to better understand the mechanisms of fish habitat selection and biodiversity maintenance.

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苗中博, 王思凯, 彭彪彪, 赵峰, 庄平.长江口盐沼湿地鱼类群落优势种的时空生态位特征[J].中国水产科学,2020,27(10):1210-1221
MIAO Zhongbo, WANG Sikai, PENG Biaobiao, ZHAO Feng, ZHUANG Ping. Characteristics of spatial and temporal ecological niches of the dominant species of fish assemblages in the saltmarsh wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2020,27(10):1210-1221

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-08
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