张泽鹏(1994-),男,硕士,研究实习员,研究方向为水生生物保护与利用.E-mail:13372878837@163.com
S931
国家自然科学基金项目(31802299)； 农业农村部政府购买服务项目“雅鲁藏布江水生生物资源现状调查分析”.
ZHANG Zepeng
Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China ；Fuyuan Observation and Experimental Station of the National Fishery Resources and Environment, Harbin 150070 ,ChinaJIN Hongyu
Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China ；Fuyuan Observation and Experimental Station of the National Fishery Resources and Environment, Harbin 150070 ,ChinaLI Lei
Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China ；Fuyuan Observation and Experimental Station of the National Fishery Resources and Environment, Harbin 150070 ,ChinaLU Wanqiao
Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China ；Fuyuan Observation and Experimental Station of the National Fishery Resources and Environment, Harbin 150070 ,ChinaWANG Haipeng
Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Resources and Environment Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of theMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China为摸清西藏雅鲁藏布江大峡谷墨脱江段在 2017 年遭遇大型泥石流滑坡等自然灾害后大型底栖动物分布现状及多样性的时空分布特征, 分别于 2022 年 10—11 月(秋季)和 2023 年 4—5 月(春季)对墨脱江段及其附属支流大型底栖动物的种类组成进行了调查, 并对其群落结构及多样性的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明, 春、秋两季共采集大型底栖动物 52 个种类, 隶属于 3 门 3 纲 10 目 30 科, 其中水生昆虫占绝对优势(50 种)。春季大型底栖动物优势种为四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.1)、鳞石蛾属一种(Lepidostoma sp.); 秋季优势种为四节蜉属一种(Baetis sp.1)、缺距纹石蛾属一种(Potamyia sp.), 且大型底栖动物群落组成在春季和秋季间存在一定的差异(P＜0.001)。流域内秋季大型底栖动物的总平均丰度为 6.67 ind/m2 , 总平均生物量 0.04 g/m2 ; 春季大型底栖动物的总平均丰度高于秋季, 为 8.71 ind/m2 , 总平均生物量 0.04 g/m2 。此外, 大型底栖动物生物多样性在不同季节的干、支流均呈现出一定的差异(P＜0.01)。对比已发表数据(2015—2016 年)并结合现阶段水体环境因子现状, 大型底栖动物优势种已发生明显变化, 且物种总丰度及生物量严重下降, 说明灾害后水生生物栖息环境已受到干扰, 大型底栖动物现存量较少, 结果可为高原地区生物多样性保护提供参考依据。
The Yarlung Zangbo River is the largest river on the Tibetan Plateau in China. It nurtures a variety of endemic, rare, and valuable species and is a key area for global biodiversity research. However, in recent years, other natural disasters, such as mudslides within the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon (above the Motuo reach), have led to a serious decline in fishery resources in the mainstream. Benthic macroinvertebrates are an important component of river ecosystems; however, their biodiversity has not been investigated properly, and most studies are clearly inadequate at the spatial and temporal scales. To characterize the benthic macroinvertebrate community structure of the Motuo reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon in Tibet, the species composition in the Motuo reach and its affiliated tributaries were investigated in October-November 2022 (autumn) and April-May 2023 (spring), and the spatial and temporal distributions of their community structure and diversity were analyzed. The results showed that 52 species of benthic macroinvertebrates, belonging to 3 phyla, 3 classes, 10 orders, and 30 families, were collected in spring and autumn. Compared with the results of a previous study, the number of benthic macroinvertebrate species was greatly reduced. Among these, aquatic insects are dominant (50 species). In addition, the dominant species in spring were Baetis sp.1 and Lepidostoma sp., whereas Baetis sp.1 and Potamyia sp. were dominant in autumn. The macrobenthic community composition differed somewhat between spring and autumn (P＜0.001). The total average abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in the basin was 6.67 ind/m2 and the total average biomass was 0.04 g/m2 in autumn. Meanwhile, the total average abundance in spring was higher than that in autumn (at 8.71 ind/m2 ), and the total average biomass was 0.04 g/m2 . Macrobenthic biodiversity showed some differences in both the main streams and tributaries during the different seasons (P＜0.01), which may be related to water quantity and habitat stability. Natural disasters, such as mudslides, are the most significant cause of such consequences. Compared with published data (2015‒2016) and combined with the current status of water environmental factors, the dominant species of macrobenthos have significantly changed, and the total abundance and biomass of species have significantly decreased, indicating that the habitat of aquatic organisms was disturbed after the disaster. The results of this study help map the current status of benthic macroinvertebrate resources in the Motuo reach of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Tibet after the 2017 mudslide and provide a reference basis for biodiversity conservation in plateau regions. However, it is necessary to conduct correlation analyses in conjunction with several environmental factors to identify the key factors influencing differences in the macrobenthic community structure in subsequent studies.
张泽鹏,金洪宇,李雷,鲁万桥,李慎辉,王海鹏.西藏雅鲁藏布江大峡谷墨脱江段大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的时空分布特征[J].中国水产科学,2023,30(12):1520-1529
ZHANG Zepeng, JIN Hongyu, LI Lei, LU Wanqiao, LI Shenhui, WANG Haipeng. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates community structure and diversity in the Motuo reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Tibet[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2023,30(12):1520-1529
