This study was conducted to evaluate the breeding effect and growth performance of oversized Eriocheir sinensis parents (maternal≥300 g, paternal≥400 g) using normal parents (maternal≥150 g, paternal≥250 g) as the controls. The experimental period lasted for approximately 20 months. During the experiment, multiple growth-proofing and gonadal developmental anatomies were combined with the final harvest size distribution. The growth performance, gonadal development, and culture effect of the two groups were comprehensively evaluated, and the results showed the following: (1) the average body weight of the oversized group was higher than that of the control group at the bean, juvenile, and adult crab stages, and it was significantly higher than that of the control group from September to November during the juvenile crab culture stage (P＜0.05). For adult crabs, the average body weight was significantly higher than that of the control group in July (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the average body weight of the two groups in other months. (2) In terms of puberty-molting and gonadal development, the puberty-molting rates of males and females in the oversized group were significantly lower from September 5 to September 25 and July 25 to September 5 (P＜0.05). In addition, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of males and females in the oversized group were significantly lower on October 10th and September 10th (P＜0.05). The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males in the oversized group was significantly higher than that of males in the control group (P＜0.05) on October 10th and the HSI of individual crabs in the oversized group was higher, but there was no significant difference at the other time points (P＞0.05). (3) For juvenile crabs, the survival rate and yield of the oversized group were higher than those of the control group, and the yield of male bodies at the juvenile stage was significantly different from that of the control group (P＜0.05). For adult crabs, although the oversized group had a lower survival rate, the average body weight of the oversized group was higher and the final yield was higher. The feed conversion rate (FCR) of the oversized group at the juvenile crab culture stage was significantly lower than that of the control group. (4) In terms of body weight distribution, the proportions of large crabs (＞12 g) and large adult crabs (＞230 g for males and ＞200 g for females) in the oversized group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the proportions of small crabs and small adult crabs in the oversized group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). In summary, individuals in the oversized group had faster growth rates and higher yields than those in the control group, and the proportion of oversized crabs was significantly higher than that in the control group, which gives the offspring of oversized parents a significant economic advantage. The application prospects and markets for large Chinese mitten crab parents are broad, thus it is worth popularizing and applying on a large scale.