1.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院, 农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室, 上海 201306 ; 2.中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所, 淡水鱼类育种国家地方联合工程实验室, 农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150070
赵杰(2000-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料.E-mail:zj_18984290736@yeah.net
S963
国家水产种质资源平台项目(FGRC18537)； 中央级科研院所基本业务费项目(2023TD22)； 黑龙江省种业创新发展项目: 鳜鲈种质资源评价与规模化繁育技术体系构建.
ZHAO Jie
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas ， College of Fish and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306 , China ；National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaZHENG Xianhu
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas ， College of Fish and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306 , China ；National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaSUN Zhipeng
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaWANG Liansheng
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaFAN Ze
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaWANG Di
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaLIU Yang
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaLIU Tianqi
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaZHANG Kexin
National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , ChinaLU Cuiyun
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas ， College of Fish and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306 , China ；National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China1.Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas ， College of Fish and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306 , China ;2.National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding ， Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ， Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070 , China
为探究不同饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平及其互作对梭鲈(Sander lucioperca)幼鱼生长、肝脏组织形态、抗氧化酶活性及免疫相关基因表达的影响, 实验设计2个蛋白质水平(51%、54%)和3个脂肪水平(12%、15%、18%)共6种饲料, 对梭鲈幼鱼[(1.16±0.01) g]进行8周养殖实验。结果表明: 饲料脂肪水平的升高能够显著提高梭鲈幼鱼的终末体重(FBW)和特定生长率(SGR) (P＜0.05), 但饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对FBW和SGR无显著交互作用。饲料蛋白质水平为51%时, 梭鲈幼鱼FBW和SGR在脂肪水平为18%时最大; 饲料蛋白质水平为54%时, 梭鲈幼鱼FBW和SGR在脂肪水平为15%时最大。随着饲料脂肪水平的增加, 全鱼粗蛋白质含量逐渐降低(P＜0.05), 粗脂肪含量先增加后降低。饲料蛋白质水平为54%, 脂肪水平为18%时观察到明显的肝细胞空泡变性, 其他饲料组无异常。饲料蛋白质水平为51%时, 随着饲料脂肪水平的升高, 梭鲈幼鱼过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05); 饲料蛋白质水平为54%时, 随着饲料脂肪水平的升高, 梭鲈幼鱼过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高, 肝脏补体基因(c3、c4和c5)和抑炎细胞因子相关基因(tgf-β)的表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05), 促炎细胞因子相关基因(il-1β、il8和tnf-β)的表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。综上, 适宜的饲料脂肪水平会提高梭鲈幼鱼生长性能, 节约蛋白质用量, 但过高脂肪水平则会增加肝脏病变的风险, 建议梭鲈幼鱼饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平为51%和18%。
Sander lucioperca is an important cultured fish in Eurasian countries. It has broad breeding prospects owing to its rapid growth, pronounced adaptability, tender flesh, and high nutritional value. However, the farmed production remains limited to only 4.29 kilotons, primarily because of the scarcity of suitable, high-quality compound feeds. This study examined the effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels, and their interactions, on growth, liver histology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune-related gene expression in juvenile S. lucioperca. The experiment included two protein levels (51% and 54%) and three lipid levels (12%, 15%, and 18%), thus using six distinct feed formulations. Juvenile S. lucioperca [(1.16±0.01) g] were fed with these formulations during an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed that the dietary lipid level exerted a significant effect on final body weight and specific growth rate of juvenile S. lucioperca (P＜0.05), whereas no significant interaction between protein and lipid levels was observed with regard to final body weight and specific growth rate. At a protein level of 51%, the highest final body weight and specific growth rate were achieved with 18% lipid content; at a protein level of 54%, these metrics were also greatest at the 15% lipid level. As the lipid level in diet increased, the crude protein content in whole fish decreased gradually, whereas the crude lipid content showed an increasing and then decreasing trend. Considerable fatty degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in the 54% protein, 18% lipid group, which was not observed in other treatment groups. At a protein level of 51%, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase significantly increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05); at a protein level of 54%, the catalase activity significantly increased with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05). The expression levels of complement genes (c3, c4, and c5) and a anti-inflammatory cytokine-related gene (tgf-β) in the liver increased significantly with the increase of dietary lipid levels (P＜0.05), whereas the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes (il-1β, il8, and tnf-β) decreased significantly (P＜0.05). In conclusion, appropriate lipid levels in diet can improve the growth performance of juvenile S. lucioperca, save protein intake, whereas excessive lipid level may increase the risk of vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. It is recommended that the protein and lipid supplementation levels in diet of juvenile S. lucioperca juvenile are 51% and 18%, respectively.
赵杰,郑先虎,孙志鹏,王连生,范泽,王荻,刘洋,刘天奇,张渴新,鲁翠云.不同饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对梭鲈幼鱼生长及肝脏健康的影响[J].中国水产科学,2025,32(2):168-180
ZHAO Jie, ZHENG Xianhu, SUN Zhipeng, WANG Liansheng, FAN Ze, WANG Di, LIU Yang, LIU Tianqi, ZHANG Kexin, LU Cuiyun. Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and hepatic health of juvenile Sander lucioperca[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2025,32(2):168-180
