奇额墨头鱼人工繁殖和早期发育研究
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1.水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所, 水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430079 ;2.长江水利委员会流域河湖生态系统修复关键技术创新团队, 湖北 武汉 430079

作者简介:

王岳松(1998-),男,研究实习员,主要从事珍稀特有鱼类人工繁育技术研究.E-mail:15327117294@163.com

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中图分类号:

S961

基金项目:

科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY1011900); 水电水利规划设计总院有限公司科研项目(ZX-KJHB-20230020).


Study on artificial propagation and early development of Garra mirofronits
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1.Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry ofWater Resources , Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079 , China ;2.Innovation Team of the Changjiang Water Resources Commission for River and Lake Ecosystem Restoration KeyTechnology, Wuhan 430079 , China

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    摘要:

    为研究奇额墨头鱼的早期发育时序特征, 丰富其繁殖生物学、发育生物学研究资料, 为人工繁育和苗种规模化生产提供技术支撑, 本研究利用野外采集的奇额墨头鱼(Garra mirofronits)性成熟个体, 通过人工催产及干法授精获得其受精卵, 详细观察并记录其早期发育过程。共开展 3 次人工繁殖实验, 平均催产率为 100%, 受精率 (89.93± 0.72)%, 孵化率(87.83±1.00)%。受精卵呈浅灰色, 卵膜薄而透明, 无黏性, 成熟卵子直径为(1.12±0.04) mm, 吸水膨胀后卵膜径达(3.37±0.09) mm, 膨胀系数 300.89%。水温 18~21 ℃下, 经 24~26 h 孵化出膜, 孵化积温为 496.04 ℃·h, 历经受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、心脏搏动期和出膜期等 9 个时期。初孵仔鱼全长为(4.50±0.07) mm, 肌节 32 对, 卵黄囊仔鱼期历时 5 d, 全长特定生长率为 9.22%/d; 仔鱼期共历时 16 d, 全长特定生长率为 7.02%/d。奇额墨头鱼早期发育时序特征遵循硬骨鱼类发育的基本规律, 符合漂流性卵胚胎发育的一般特点, 为典型产漂流性卵鱼类。

    Abstract:

    Garra mirofronits is classified under the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Labeoninae, and genus Garra. This species is endemic to the Lancang River and is exclusively found in the middle and lower reaches of the river within China. Its distribution is confined to an altitude range of 500‒700 meters above sea level, and its wild populations have declined. G. mirofronits exhibits a cylindrical body shape with a distinctive frontal groove anterior to the nostrils, which forms two frontal processes. Each process terminates in a prominent conical keratinous projection. This species prefers habitats characterized by swift currents and rocky substrates, where it adheres to rocks using its adhesive discs and primarily feeds on filamentous algae. In recent years, the progressive development of the Lancang River, including the construction and operation of hydropower stations, has altered the river's hydrological conditions, thereby impacting the migratory, reproductive, and feeding behaviors of fish. Notably, the decrease in flow velocity and the reduction in the length of flowing water have severely compromised the hatching success of drifting eggs, including eggs of G. mirofronits. Consequently, the wild populations of G. mirofronits have experienced a significant decline, necessitating urgent conservation measures. This study aims to investigate the temporal characteristics of the early development of G. mirofronits, enrich research data on its reproductive and developmental biology, and offer technical support for artificial breeding and large-scale seedling production of this species. Sexually mature individuals of G.mirofronits were collected from the wild and used to obtain fertilized eggs through artificial induction of ovulation and dry insemination. Then, the early development process of the fertilized eggs was observed and recorded in detail. Three artificial breeding experiments were carried out in total. On average, the ovulation induction rate was 100%, the fertilization rate was (89.93±0.72)%, and the hatching rate was (87.83±1.00)%. The fertilized eggs were light gray, with a thin and transparent egg membrane, non-viscous, and a diameter of (1.12±0.04) mm. After water absorption and expansion, the egg membrane diameter reached (3.37±0.09) mm, with an expansion coefficient of 300.89%. At water temperatures between 18‒21 ℃, hatching occurred after 24‒26 hours, with an accumulated hatching temperature of 496.04 ℃·h. The early development process went through nine stages including fertilized egg, blastoderm stage, cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, organogenesis stage, heartbeating stage, and hatching stage. The total length of newly hatched larvae was (4.50±0.07) mm, with 32 myotomes. The period of the yolk sac larvae lasted for 5 days, with the specific growth rate of the total length at 9.22%/d. The larval stage lasted for a total of 16 days, with the specific growth rate of the total length at 7.02%/d. The temporal characteristics of the early development of G.mirofronits follow the basic laws of osteichthyes development and are in line with the general characteristics of the embryonic development of drifting eggs. It is thus a typical fish species that produces drifting eggs.

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王岳松,杨洋,甘星,程睿,陈锋,张志明.奇额墨头鱼人工繁殖和早期发育研究[J].中国水产科学,2025,32(5):608-621
WANG Yuesong, YANG Yang, GAN Xing, CHENG Rui, CHEN Feng, ZHANG Zhiming. Study on artificial propagation and early development of Garra mirofronits[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2025,32(5):608-621

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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02
  • 最后修改日期:2025-01-31
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-08-04
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