Surveys were conducted in the Yichang section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from May to June in 2014 and 2015 to reveal the current status of the spawning grounds of fishes with pelagic eggs. A total of 12209 eggs was collected in the Yichang section and the eggs were identified by molecular biological methods. The eggs belonged to 27 species in 4 families in 2 orders. Among them, most were Cyprinidae (77%), followed by Cobitidae, accounting for 15%, and Homalopteridae and Salangidae had the least frequent, each at 4%. Of the 27 identified species, 22 were middle drifting fish eggs or 81% of all species. The total of pelagic eggs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was estimated to be 79.1×10⁸ individuals and 70.9×10⁸ individuals, and that of the four major Chinese carp species was 5.65×10⁸ individuals and 6.13×10⁸ individuals during 2014 and 2015, respectively. During the surveys, fishes had a total of seven spawning peaks. Spawning peaks occurred in late May and early June. A series of strong tendencies were found for the four major Chinese carp species regarding the amount of daily fish spawning and the daily flow rate. In 2014, the spawning grounds of the four major Chinese carp species was located in the Gezhouba, Yichang, and Baiyang reaches. The four major Chinese carp species were located in the Gezhouba and Yichang reaches in 2015. Compared with historical data, the range of the spawning grounds of the four major Chinese carp species moved downstream and the number of eggs displayed a decreasing tendency in recent years in the Yichang section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, where they have gradually decreased. It is suggested that scientific and suitable ecological reservoir reoperation and enhancement is needed, and fish release should be conducted to meet the demand of fish breeding in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.